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GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU 1 / 74 Art Nouveau 1 Review 2 2 La Belle Époque 6 3 Poster Artists 20 4 Elsewhere 51 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / REVieW 2 / 74 1 Explain “Pictures of the Floating World.” Review Ukiyo-e © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / REVieW 3 / 74 1 Explain “Pictures of the Floating World.” Review 2 Ukiyo-e What was “Japonsim,” where did it start and when? © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / REVieW 4 / 74 1 Explain “Pictures of the Floating 3 World.” What made Hokusai famous? Review 2 Ukiyo-e What was “Japonsim,” where did it start and when? © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / REVieW 5 / 74 WORKBOOK Working from his Brooklyn art studio, Japanese artist Takuji Hamanaka uses the same centuries-old techniques to make his contemporary woodblock prints that Hokusai and many others used to make their prints. Does his Japanese heritage give him a stronger line of access to the ukiyo-e process than a non-Japanese person? What about the fact that he’s working in Brooklyn, as opposed to a location with stronger ties to the heritage of ukiyo-e such as Kyoto, Tokyo (formerly called Edo), or another town in Japan? Is he devaluing the technique by using abstract imagery rather than traditional subjects and motifs? © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Takuji Hamanaka, Pour, 2019 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU 6 / 74 1871–1914 La Belle Époque France’s “Beautiful Epoch” was a time when the culture and the arts flourished. © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Bal du moulin de la Galette, 1876 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 7 / 74 Economic Prosperity • New products from around the world • People have more leisure time and the ability to enjoy Paris’s nightlife • Flourishing of the arts • Paris attracts expats in large numbers © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 8 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Alphonse Mucha, Waverly Cycles, circa 1897 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 9 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 World Fair of 1900 in Paris GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU 10 / 74 1890–1910 Art Nouveau Borrowing stylistic characteristics from Ukiyo-e, Art Nouveau was an international decorative style that flourished for two decades around the turn of the 20th century. © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Victor Horta, Hôtel Tassel, Brussels, Belgium, 1894 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 11 / 74 Art Nouveau encompassed all the design arts • architecture • dishes • furniture • spoons • product design • chairs • fashion • door frames • poster design • staircases • packaging • factories • advertising • subway entrances • teapots • houses © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 12 / 74 As with the Arts and Crafts movement, it was held in the Art Nouveau period that aesthetic values should be combined with high standards of craftsmanship, and that works of art should be both beautiful and functional. The boundaries between fine art and the applied arts became blurred in the fields of furniture design, silverware and architecture, paintings, graphic art, jewellery, fashion and glassware. EUROPEANA © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 13 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Hector Guimard, Paris Métro entrance (Replica), Designed 1901, now in chicago GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 14 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Hector Guimard, Paris Métro entrance, 1901, now at Toledo Museum of Art GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 15 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 16 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 17 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 18 / 74 1890–1910 Motifs • Vine tendrils • Flowers (rose) • Flowers (lily) • Birds (peacocks) • Female form Art Nouveau’s identifying visual quality is an organic, plantlike line. MEGGS © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Poster for Cafe Rajah, Henri Meunier, 1897 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / LA Belle ÉpoQUE 19 / 74 Early Modernism • Victorians sought solutions through established historical approaches • “Modernists” adopted a new international ornamental style • Elegant motifs aligned with nature and often distinguished by free and graceful lines. © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Waverly Cycles, Alphonse Mucha, circa 1897. General Electric logo, 1892. General Electric logo, 1900. GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU 20 / 74 1890–1900 Poster Artists Nightlife was celebrated and perpetuated by the poster work of numerous Parisian artists who contributed to the citie’s visual culture and pushed the vision of Art Nouveau into the public sphere. © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 21 / 74 1841–1917 Eugène Grasset • Important early link between Victorian style and Art Nouveau • Sympathetic to the Arts & Crafts aesthetic of William Morris • Worked for Sarah Bernhardt before her contract with Alphonse Mucha © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 22 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 23 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 24 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 25 / 74 1836–1932 Jules Chéret • Regarded as a master of Belle Époque poster art • “Father of the modern poster” • Drew directly onto lithographic stone • Innovative spattering technique • Depicted young liberated women enjoying life In France, the Belle Époque was epitomised by the posters of Henri Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901) and Jules Chéret (1836-1932), both of whom were influenced by Japanese Ukiyo-e prints. Chéret was a painter and lithographer who became celebrated as a master of Belle Époque poster art. EUROPEANA © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 26 / 74 Posters and advertising became a dominant means of mass communication throughout Europe at the end of the 19th century. The newly developed three-stone lithography process made dazzling colours available and advertising became a popular medium for many artists. EUROPEANA © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Jules Chéret GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 27 / 74 This exuberant image of the American dancer Loie Fuller captures the spirit of sensuality and excitement in the cabaret culture of fin-de-siècle Paris. Fuller was an important attraction at the 1900 Paris world’s fair, embodying Art Nouveau with her innovative choreography and diaphanous silk costumes illuminated by multicolored electric lights. THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Jules Chéret, Folies-Bergère, La Loïe Fuller, 1893 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 28 / 74 1862–1928 Loie Fuller • American actress and dancer • Pioneer of both modern dance and theatrical lighting techniques • Moved to Paris in 1892 seeking artistic appreciation she couldn’t get in the United States • Performed regularly at Folies Bergères in Paris © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 29 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 30 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Loie Fuller, Danse Serpentine, filmed by the Lumière Brothers, 1897 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 31 / 74 1864–1901 Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec had turned obsessively to drawing and painting after breaking both hips in an accident at age thirteen. Further growth of his legs was stunted, leaving him crippled. He became a master draftsman in the academic tradition after moving to Paris two years later. MEGGS © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 32 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 33 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 34 / 74 Japanese art, impressionism, and Degas’s design and contour were big influences on him. © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec in the studio (left), Edgar Degas, L’etoile (right) GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 35 / 74 Drawing directly on the lithographic stone, he often worked from memory with no sketches and used an old toothbrush that he always carried to achieve tonal effects through a splatter technique. He haunted Paris cabarets and bordellos, watching, drawing, and developing a journalistic, illustrative style that captured the night life of la belle époque (the beautiful era), a term used to describe glittering late- nineteenth-century Paris. MEGGS © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 36 / 74 1859–1923 Théophile-Alexandre Steinlen • Born in Lausanne, Switzerland • Moved Montmartre Quarter of Paris with his wife in their early twenties • Became associated with Le Chat Noir where he received numerous poster commissions • His daughter Colette was featured in much of his work © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 37 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 38 / 74 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / Art NOUVeaU / Poster Artists 39 / 74 1860–1939 Alphonse Mucha Mucha’s distinct illustrative approach involving