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Ekonomický Provoz a Sociální Poměry Herců a Dramatiků Shakespearovského a Novodobého Divadla the Globe S Přihlédnutím K Dobám Moru a Koronaviru

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Ekonomický Provoz a Sociální Poměry Herců a Dramatiků Shakespearovského a Novodobého Divadla the Globe S Přihlédnutím K Dobám Moru a Koronaviru MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav hudební vědy Management v kultuře Bc. Tereza Šlesingerová Magisterská diplomová práce Ekonomický provoz a sociální poměry herců a dramatiků shakespearovského a novodobého divadla The Globe s přihlédnutím k dobám moru a koronaviru Vedoucí práce: prof. PhDr. Miloš Štědroň, CSc. 2020 Čestné prohlášení: Tímto prohlašuji, že jsem magisterskou diplomovou práci na téma Ekonomický provoz a sociální poměry herců a dramatiků shakespearovského a novodobého divadla The Globe s přihlédnutím k dobám moru a koronaviru vypracovala samostatně, s využitím uvedené literatury a pramenů. V Brně dne ………… ……………. Bc. Tereza Šlesingerová Poděkování: Velmi bych chtěla poděkovat vedoucímu své magisterské diplomové práce prof. PhDr. Miloši Štědroňovi, CSc., za jeho ochotu, podporu, motivaci, připomínky a čas, jež mi věnoval; bez jeho zásluh by tato práce jen stěží mohla vzniknout. Anotace Magisterská diplomová práce si klade za cíl analyzovat a vyhodnotit dostupné informace o finančním řízení divadla The Globe za doby vlády Alžběty I. (Elizabeth I.) Tudorovny a Jakuba I. (James I.) Stuarta. Sledováním ekonomických a mimoekonomických ukazatelů jako náklady, výnosy a cíle jednotlivých divadelních institucí jsou tato zjištění propojena s chodem novodobé repliky divadelní budovy The Globe. Magisterská diplomová práce zohledňuje sociální poměry herců a dramatiků v kontextu jejich společenského postavení a poukazuje na charakter kulturních a soudobých hereckých konvencí v Londýně. Z důvodu výrazného vlivu Williama Shakespeara na dramaturgii původního divadla The Globe je kladen důraz obzvláště na jeho osobnost. Ve srovnání fungování obou divadel je přihlédnuto k morové a koronavirové pandemii a k následné analýze důsledků obou zkoumaných období. Annotation This master's thesis aims to analyze and evaluate the available information on the financial management of The Globe Theatre during the reign of Elizabeth Tudor (Elizabeth I) and James Stuart (James I). By monitoring economic and non-economic indicators such as costs, revenues, and the goals of individual theatre institutions, these findings are connected with the operation of a modern replica of the Globe. This master's thesis takes into account the social situation of actors and playwrights in the context of their social status and points to the nature of cultural and contemporary acting conventions in London. Due to the significant influence of William Shakespeare on the dramaturgy of the original Globe, emphasis is placed especially on his influence and contribution. Through a comparison of how each of the theatres functioned in their specific time periods, the impact and consequences of the plague and coronavirus pandemics are also considered and analyzed. Annotation Le mémoire de master a pour le but d’analyser et évaluer les informations disponibles sur la gestion financière du théâtre du Globe lors du règne Élisabeth Ire et Jacques Ier. L’interconnexion des constatations acquises et du fonctionnement de la réplique du théâtre du Globe contemporaine se fait par l’observation des indicateurs économiques et non- économiques comme les dépenses, les revenus et les objectifs des institutions théâtrales en question. Le mémoire de master prend en considération les conditions sociales des comédiens et dramaturges dans le contexte de leur rang et met l’accent sur le caractère des conventions contemporaines d’acteur et culturelles à Londres. L’accent est mis sur la personnalité de William Shakespeare en raison de son influence considérable sur la dramaturgie de l’ancien théâtre du Globe. La comparaison du fonctionnement des deux théâtres tient compte de la pandémie de la peste et du coronavirus et de l’analyse des conséquences des deux périodes comparées. Obsah Anotace .................................................................................................................................................... 4 Annotation ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Obsah ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 Úvod ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 1 Příčina a vliv tudorovské inflace na Anglii v období tzv. „zlatého věku“ ...................................... 9 2 Odraz ekonomiky na soukromých a veřejných divadlech v Londýně v mezidobí 16. a 17. století 11 2.1 Výše mezd a poptávka po divadelních představeních ........................................................... 12 3 Náklady a výnosy divadla v alžbětinské a jakubské době ............................................................. 13 3.1 Náklady na stavbu divadel ................................................................................................. 13 3.2 Náklady na mzdy zaměstnanců a fungování divadla ......................................................... 14 3.3 Výnosy divadelních společností ........................................................................................ 15 4 Ekonomická stránka a okolnosti vzniku divadla The Globe ......................................................... 16 4.1 Finanční situace v letech 1598–1599 .................................................................................... 17 4.2 Náklady a výnosy divadla The Globe ................................................................................... 18 4.3 Smlouva o pronájmu pozemku .............................................................................................. 19 4.4 Fungování divadla The Globe jako akciové společnosti ....................................................... 19 4.4.1 Práva a povinnosti housekeepers a sharers, společníků divadla The Globe .................. 20 4.4.2 Rozdělení akcií mezi společníky ................................................................................... 21 5 Sociální poměry dramatiků v alžbětinské době ............................................................................. 25 5.1 Sociální status a finanční poměry dramatiků ......................................................................... 25 5.1.1 Finanční ohodnocení dramatiků 16. a 17. století ........................................................... 26 5.1.2 Profese a finanční situace Williama Shakespeara ......................................................... 28 5.1.3 Mecenášství literátů a dramatiků ................................................................................... 29 5.1.4 Podřízenost divadelním společnostem a vztah dramatiků k herectví ............................ 30 6 Sociální status a finanční poměry herců ........................................................................................ 31 6.1 Kulturní herecké konvence v Londýně .................................................................................. 32 6.1.1 Hudebníci Královské společnosti a hudba na jevišti ..................................................... 33 7 Podpora královského dvora ........................................................................................................... 33 7.1 Alžběta I. (Elizabeth I.) Tudorovna ....................................................................................... 34 7.2 Jakub I. (James I.) Stuart a Karel I. (Charles I.) Stuart ......................................................... 35 8 Nepříznivé okolnosti repliky budovy divadla The Globe v Londýně od roku 1997 ..................... 36 8.1 Dlouhý proces vzniku repliky divadla The Globe v čele se Samem Wanamakerem ............ 37 8.1.1 Soudní spory a problematická opatření stavby divadla The Globe ............................... 38 8.2 Rivalita divadla The Globe a The Rose ve 20. století ........................................................... 39 8.3 Temné časy divadla po brexitu .............................................................................................. 40 9 Finanční stránka divadla The Globe ve 21. století ........................................................................ 41 9.1 Výnosy The Shakespeare Globe Trust .................................................................................. 42 9.2 Náklady The Shakespeare Globe Trust ................................................................................. 44 9.2.1 Mzdové náklady ............................................................................................................ 45 9.3 Nabídka služeb The Shakespeare Globe Trust ...................................................................... 45 10 Finanční poměry herců 21. století v Londýně ........................................................................... 46 11 SWOT analýza .......................................................................................................................... 47 11.1 Srovnání aspektů shakespearovského divadla The Globe a jeho novodobé repliky ............. 50 11.2 Podobnosti shakespearovského a novodobého The Globe .................................................... 50 11.2.1 Společné hrozby obou divadel ....................................................................................... 52 11.3 Odlišnosti shakespearovského a novodobého The Globe ..................................................... 53 11.3.1 Srovnání marketingu alžbětinského divadla a repliky The Globe ................................. 54 11.4 Proměna
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