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A VERNACULAR OF FILE FORMATS A GUIDE TO DATABEND COMPRESSION DESIGN 1 ROSA MENKMAN, AMSTERDAM, AUGUST 2010. Type to enter text Tango between a corrupt format and its user. !!!! Contents !! There is not sufficient data. Please enter dataGlitch art is a practice that studies and researches the !Static! !! You have too Noise Art > Filter art > whenvernacular Cool becomesof file formats Hot >>>>>>> in exploitative manners to !!Uncompressed!! much deconstruct and create new, brutalist (audio)visual works. !!Lossless! !! character! Glitches are hot; proof canHowever, be found glitch on MTV,artists Flickr, often in gothe beyond this formal !!Lossy! !! A p p l y club and in the bookstore.approach; While the they coffee realize table bookthat Glitch:the glitch does not exists !Moving image!! gaussian Designing Imperfection without(2009) humanhas introduced perception the and glitch therefore have a more !!MOV ! !! blur. design aesthetic to the worldinclusive of latte approach drinking to designers,digital material. and !!DV! !! Kanye West used glitchesThe to materiality sing about of hisglitch imperfect art is constantly love mutating; it exists !!WMV! ! life, the awkward, shy andas physically an unstable ugly assemblage celebrate under that relies the on the one hand the !!AVI! ! You still have header "Glitched: Nerdcoreconstruction, for life". operation and content of the apparatus (the !! ! ! ! quirks! Clone Glitch has transformed frommedium) cool andto hot. on Itsthe no other more hand then the a work, the writer/artist, s t a m p f o r brightly colored bubblegumand wrapper the interpretation that doesn't byask thefor anyreader and/or user (the smooth involvement, or offers anymeaning). stimulus. Inside I find gum that I surface keep chewing, hoping for some new explosion of good taste. But the more I chew, the less tasty / rubbery it gets. Glitch design fulfills an average, imperfect stereotype, a filter or Your file has commodity that echoes a "medium is the message" standard. invalid markers. Luckily (or naturally?), the "No Content - Just Imperfection" Enter new slogan of this kind of hot glitch design is complimented by markers cool glitches. In The LawsThus, of the Cool materiality (2004), ofAlan the glitchLiu asks art is not (just) the digital himself What is "Cool"? Hematerial describes that followsthat cool the is vernacular the ellipsis of file formats, nor the of knowing whats cool ...andmachine withholding it appears that idea. upon, Those but that a constantly changing Y o u r insist on asking, are definitelyconstruct uncool. that depends on the interactions between text, dimensions social, esthetical, political and economic dynamics and the do not Unruly and defiant as it pointthus is,of I viewwill give from my which take onthe cool different actors make correspond. glitches. Cool glitches aremeaning. the glitches that do not just focus Change on a static end product, Digitalbut (also) artists on a exploitprocess, their a personal digital materials thus also dimensions exploration or a narrativemetaphorically element (that oftenor critically reflects critically(showing the medium in a on a medium). critical state or criticizing the medium and its inherent norms) and not just formally. ERROR Cool is in a constant statemore of andflux, more as is people the genre are startingof "cool to use the term "glitch glitch art", which finally existsgenre", as I thinkan assemblage it has become that apparent relies that the question of on first of all the construction,what constitutes operation anda genre, content and of howthe a genre should be Goto data apparatus (the medium)studied and secondly needs to the be work, included the inwriter/ Glitch Studies. Also, in the therapy and artist, and the interpretationcase by of athe "glitch reader genre", and/or I think user there (the is a need to research repair your meaning). In the end, therethe processis “no oneof stylizationdefinition of cool”glitch -- the point where the registry glitch art. formal creation of glitches are not unknown, new utterances but are becoming stabilized, new commodities In an effort to make whatand was even once filters. cool now hot, and visa Y o u r versa, and to take whatThis kindhappened of study in involves the Designing more then just a vernacular of k e y f r a m e s Imperfection book a stepfile further, formats I madeor a research this Vernacular into technology of but also includes are missing. File Formats, in which I studyculture, ways individuals, to exploit and politics deconstruct and the history of the Your codecs the organizations of file formatstechnology. into new, brutalist designs. are not supported. …I am waiting for the firstBut "Glitchs I still wonder not dead" if there hoodie is really in H&M. anything consistent within And because fans are asthe bad glitch as the art ignorant"genre"., Iffor so, the then sake I thinkof it is the critical use being bad, I will definitelyof wear error, the perceived hoodie. Hoera! or non perceived, real or designed. And Please I think when I watch a glitched video, or any other glitch respect the software. Now it is too little toowork, late this - youis what did notI find try most hard interesting to look for: what enough - you are just not good enough. [systemcritical shutelements down play indefinitely] a role in the work - does the work Dear mr compression I write a 1000 poemscriticize to you something, Is this what or they does call it show the technology in a critical state? progress? Warmly yours, the noxious angel of history 2 <-- Photoshop .RAW 3channel, 2020x1138. (with scan lines from the original UNCOMPRESSED video) Raw image files contain minimally processed data (pixels) from the image sensor of either a digital camera, image scanner, or RAW motion picture film scanner. The file header of a RAW image typically contains information concerning the byte-ordering of the file, the camera sensor information and other image metadata like exposure setting, camera/ scanner/lens model, date (and, optionally, place) of shoot/ scan, format, size, number of colors, and other information needed to display the image. It is possible to save a RAW image file without a header (choose header=0). When the interleaved RAW image is saved without a header the computer doesn"t know the dimensions or any other crucial information that is needed to reconstruct the image out of the image data. <-- Photoshop .RAW, (h=0) I opened a 3 channel interleaved RAW document as a 1 channel (1 color) interleaved document. (reversible databend) When you open the image, softwares like for instance photoshop will ask you for this data, giving you the opportunity to “bend” (reversible) the image. At this moment, you will be able to choose the dimensions, the amount of channels and if the image will be displayed interleaved or non-interleaved. By entering another value then the original, the image will be displayed in a distorted way. <-- Photoshop .RAW, (h=0) interleaved, I opened a 3 channel interleaved document but entered a 3 slightly smaller value for the width. (reversible databend) In the case of a RAW image file, interleaving and non- interleaving refer to the order in which the RGB color values of every pixel are stored. In an interleaved Raw image, the data is stored in a RGBRGBRGB sequence. <-- Photoshop .RAW, (h=0) I opened the 3 channel interleaved RAW document as a 3 channel non- interleaved 8 bit document. (reversible databend) <-- Photoshop .RAW, (h=0) I opened a 3 channel interleaved RAW image in Microsoft Word (Convert to Text Only) and saved it. This technique reformats the image data into a Microsoft Word document, changing some of the values and adding / deleting some extra data. In the image this shows by abrupt discolorations, and image general image shifts. (Stallioʼs Wordpad effect) (irreversible databend) <-- Photoshop .RAW, (h=0) I opened a 3 channel non- interleaved raw document with smaller hight (databend, reversible) When the image is saved in non-interleaved array, the RGB values are not ordered sequentially but have their own #layers" with 4 <-- Photoshop .RAW, (h=0) I opened a 3 channel non- interleaved document but entered a slightly smaller value for the width (1 pixel) (reversible databend) <-- Photoshop .RAW, (h=0) I opened a 3 channel non- interleaved RAW document with a much smaller width (reversible databend) <-- Photoshop .RAW, (h=0) I opened a 3 channel non- interleaved RAW image in Microsoft Word (Convert to Text Only) and saved it (wordpad, textpad and other text editors could also work). This technique reformats the image data into a Microsoft Word document, changing some of the values and adding / deleting some extra data. In the image this shows by abrupt discolorations, and image general image shifts. (Stallioʼs Wordpad effect) (irreversible databend) 5 <-- Bitmap (.bmp) bend by copy pasting a bit of the image data over and over. (irreversible databend) BMP The BMP file format is uncompressed; every bit that indexes a bitmap pixel value is packed within a linear row, "upside-down" with respect to normal image raster scan order, starting in the lower right corner, advancing row by row from the bottom to the top. <-- Low quality Bitmap (.bmp) Random data replacement changed the values of the indexed colors in the color palette (irreversible databend) This is why, when you copy- paste some of the image data the lower part of the image will still be intact, while the upper part of the image only shifts (and sometimes discolors) In BMP files, and many other bitmap file formats the color palette consists of a block of bytes (a table or palette) listing the colors available for use in a particular indexed- color image. Each pixel in the image is described by a number of bits (1-32 bit color depth) that index a single color from the color palette, that is described right after the header.
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