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INTRODUCTION Geographical Area of Investigation Except Around INTRODUCTION Geographical Area of Investigation Except around Mumbai and along the eastern limits, the state of Maharashtra presents a monotonously uniform, skyline, horizon etc. The accurate and detailed description of places of Maharashtra State is the outcome of geological & structure. Maharashtra state area barring the extreme eastern Vidharbha Region, Kolhapur Region and Sindhudurg Region is practically coterminous with Deccan Plate. The Deccan Traps formed between 60 and 68 million years ago at the end of Cretaceous period. The bulk of the Volcanic eruption occurred at the western Ghats. (66 million years ago). The outpouring of basic lava through fissures formed horizontally bedded besalt over large areas. Variations in their composition and structure have resulted in bedded basalt over large areas. Variation in their composition and structure have resulted in massive well jointed steel grey cliff faces alternating with structural benches of vesicular amygadaloidal lava and ash layers, all of which contribute to the pyramidal shaped hills and crest level plateau. Sculpture of earth crust at tropical. Climate where land form features occur due to semi arid condition. The rounding of hill. Climax region under wet condition. The geographical changes associated with fluvial association with the rivers such as Krishna, Bhima, Godavari, Tapi, Purna and Wardha. Where conspicuous role in the denudation of land surface occur due to pluvial association. Wainganga river where having open river valleys alternating with pleateau fluvial action form the ribs of Sahyadrian backbone. The hilly region of Kokan, Sindhudurga, barely 100 km fery tumble down as roaring streams flow deeply entrenched valleys to terminates in tidal estuaries. In the northern Maharashtra part of the Kokan Region i.e. low lands of Maharashtra. It consist of the wide amphitehea such that Ulhas Creek on the south and hill of Vaitarna Vally Region on the northern side together with Plateaus and the slopes of Sahyadri in the East the land falls through a succession of plateaus in the north and center of the district to Ulhas valley in the South. These lowlands are separated from the coast by a fairely well defined narrow ridge of hills that runs north-south to the east of the Thane Creek parallel to the sea keeping a distance of about 6 to 10 km from the shores. Rivers, Creeks, laked and Hot spring has to undertake for investigation located in Mumbai and Thane Districts. The undertaken concept for two main rivers of Thane District which are flowing through i.e. Ulhas and the Vaitarna River. The Ulhas Rivers begins from the north of Tungari near Lonavala. It flows for a distance of 135 km long. It meets the sea at Vasai Creek. This river has many tributaries, Two important – are Barvi and Bhatsa. Vaitarna River is the biggest river located at Trambak Hills at Trambakeshwar, Nasik District opposite to the Godavari River. This river goes across Shahapur, Wada, Palghar and Passes to the Arabian sea. Vaitarna River is 154 km long covers entire northern part of Thane District. It has Pinjal, Surva, Daherja and Tansa Tributaries . The northern part of Thane District separated from mainland by the Ulhas estuary and the Thane Creek but is connected through reclaimed land with Mumbai City or island of Mumbai. Arnala island in Vasai located at the mouth entrance of Vaitarna estuary. Western coastal zone contains many small creeks where tidal water flood upstream and fill up much low ground mud flats caused in this area. Biggest creek located such ash Dahanu Creek, Chinchani Creek and Bhiwandi Creek. So many lakes are in Thane District for water sources to Mumbai i.e. Tansa lake, Vaitarna Lake, Modaksagar Lake, Bhatsa Lake, The Tansa Lakes located at North Hills of Bhiwandi. This lake is of the year 1892. Modaksagar Lake or the river Vaitarna is born in the year 1957. Upper Vaitarna Lake born in the year 1972 and the Bhatsa Lake, north to Shahapur born in the year 1981. In this district several Hot springs located i.e. Akloli, Ganeshpuri, Vajreshvari etc. Kokner- Maswan at Palghar, Sativali Saphale at Plaghar. The Hot springs temperature in the range of 42 OC to 55 OC. Coastal Zone of Mumbai, Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurga has many creeks, rivers and beaches. Most of the coastal zones of Mumbai, Thane and Raigad are polluted. Rivers Mumbai - Mithi River Thane - Kalu River, Bhatsa River Pune - Mula River, Mutha River Raigad - Kundalika River Nasik - Godavari River, Krishna River, Tapi River Kolhapur - Panchganga River, Kasardi River Creeks Region Uran Coast (Raigad), Vasai Creek, Malad Creek, Thane Creek, Ulhas Creek, Manori Creek, Versova Creek, Gorai Creek, Mahul Creek, Palghar Creek, Vikhrdi Creek, Kanjurmarg Creek, Bhandup Creek, Nahur Creek, Mulund Creek, Kurla Creek, Vidyavihar Creek, Kalwa Creek, Badlapur Creek, Ambernath Creek, Chembur Creek, Govandi Creek, Ghansoli Creek, Airoli Creek, Turbhe Creek, Koparkhairne Creek, Panvel Creek Beaches Chowpati Girgaon, Dadar Chowpati, Juhu Chowpati, Versova Chowpati, Madh Island, Aksa Beach, Manori Beach, Marve Beach, Gorai Beach, Safle Beach, Palghar Beach Proposed Investigation By undertaking creeks and Rivers of Mumbai and Thane District Region, system of investigation to collect data of various location of creeks and rivers. Due to urbanization the system of ecology is affected by the hazardous effects on environmental destruction and destroys of rivers and creeks. The sea shore and creek region due to urbanization affected such as Malad Creek, Marve Beach, Aksa Beach, Dana Pani Beach, Worli Sea face, Mahalaxmi, Malbar Hill, Appolo Beach, Thane Creek, Mithi River, Airoli Creek, Sanpada, Plam Beach, Panvel Creek, Uran Creek, where degradation and destruction of soil occur. Soil binding capacity is completely stop that affect the ecosystem. Soil factors and tolerance of soil fertility has to be detected. Its effect on rivers and creeks with the studies different species can be get knowledgeable detection. What are the soil intensity, and what are soil soil chemicals harbour hazardous in the losing soil fertility. Large scale deforestation at the rivers regions is capable of removing atmosphere carbon at coast which varies from place to place. Multiple content as sink for carbon barrier against cycle, sustain agricultural belt essential for protection of environment and sustains development. The dynamic ecosystem of creek area and river area supports numberous diversified soil micro organization, Meo-orgainsation and macro organization. All the soil organisms especially microbial flora and fauna plays dynamic role in maintenance and ecosystem. The reduction of there is complete shed the ecosystem. The objective this review dealing will bird eye view scarcity of the ecosystem is to access and list of veries diversified soil organisms. It is to attempt much more scope on analysis of Various soil samples on which soil, organisms are adopted with degradation is a compact on ecosystem. It is not only importance of crucial form of the Creeks, beaches and rivers, esturtes region are highly polluted areas in reflection with ecological imbalance will take a heavy tool for the study to help vital role in stabilizing these areas by investigating researches in relation with management of these region. As the protection way is impact for balancing the management of ecosystem. A dynamic ecosystem is complemented by the activities of its soil organism and has long been natural resources of importance of mankind by value of its utility and aesthetic value. The creeks, estuaries ecosystem is one of the most protective ecosystem of tropical and subtropical region of the world and the mangrove ecosystem have attended great importance both in terms of economic and ecological aspects. In India mangroves ecosystem finds in West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Gujrat and Andaman & Nicobar Island. Total area of mangroves ecosystem in India estimated 6740 Kms. The study is proposed to be carried out at the following location of Maharashtra: Mumbai Region Colaba, Juhu, Girgaon, Madh beach, Malad, Chembur, Mahim, Dharawi, Sewri, Mithi, Vikhroli Thane Region Thane, Ulhas nagar, Vasai, Safale, Palghar, Diva, Mumbra, Kalyan, Dombivali, Panvel, Airoli, Uttan, Vasai, Palghar Navi Mumbai Vashi, Belapur, Kharghar, Mansarovar Raigad Alibaug, Uran, Pen, Murud, Revas, Mosa, Khopoli, Patalganga, Mandawa, Murud, Janjira, Shrivardhan, Chiplun Dharmantar, Revdanda The present study will be based on the following factors. To analyse the present condition of the different physical parameters of the soil samples. Enlist the various reasons of the possible research findings including the merits and demerits. Due to degradation and destruction of pollution of various region soil effects on flora and fauna and present of flora and fauna in these location. To asses the relationship units flora and fauna of aquatic region .
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