Peptic Ulcer Disease: Introduction
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Association Between Gastric Myoelectric Activity Disturbances and Dyspeptic T Symptoms in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients ⁎ Aneta L
Advances in Medical Sciences 64 (2019) 44–53 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Advances in Medical Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/advms Original research article Association between gastric myoelectric activity disturbances and dyspeptic T symptoms in gastrointestinal cancer patients ⁎ Aneta L. Zygulskaa, , Agata Furgalab, Krzysztof Krzemienieckia,c,1, Beata Wlodarczykb, Piotr Thorb a Department of Oncology, University Hospital in Cracow, Cracow, Poland b Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland c Department of Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Purpose: Dyspeptic symptoms present a severe problem in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients. The aim of the Gastrointestinal carcinoma study was to analyze an association between gastric myoelectric activity changes and dyspeptic symptoms in Gastric motility gastrointestinal cancer patients. Gastric myoelectric activity Material and Methods: The study included 80 patients (37 men and 43 women, mean age 61.2 ± 7.8 years) Electrogastrography diagnosed with GI tract malignancies: colon (group A), rectal (group B) and gastric cancers (group C). Gastric Dyspeptic symptoms myoelectric activity in a preprandial and postprandial state was determined by means of a 4-channel electro- gastrography. Autonomic nervous system was studied based on heart rate variability analysis. The results were compared with the data from healthy asymptomatic controls. Results: In a fasted state, GI cancer patients presented with lesser percentages of normogastria time (A:44.23 vs. B:46.5 vs. C:47.10 vs. Control:78.2%) and average percentage slow wave coupling (ACSWC) (A:47.1 vs. B:50.8 vs. C:47.2 vs. Control:74.9%), and with higher values of dominant power (A:12.8 vs. -
General Signs and Symptoms of Abdominal Diseases
General signs and symptoms of abdominal diseases Dr. Förhécz Zsolt Semmelweis University 3rd Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 3rd Year 2018/2019 1st Semester • For descriptive purposes, the abdomen is divided by imaginary lines crossing at the umbilicus, forming the right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower quadrants. • Another system divides the abdomen into nine sections. Terms for three of them are commonly used: epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric, or suprapubic Common or Concerning Symptoms • Indigestion or anorexia • Nausea, vomiting, or hematemesis • Abdominal pain • Dysphagia and/or odynophagia • Change in bowel function • Constipation or diarrhea • Jaundice “How is your appetite?” • Anorexia, nausea, vomiting in many gastrointestinal disorders; and – also in pregnancy, – diabetic ketoacidosis, – adrenal insufficiency, – hypercalcemia, – uremia, – liver disease, – emotional states, – adverse drug reactions – Induced but without nausea in anorexia/ bulimia. • Anorexia is a loss or lack of appetite. • Some patients may not actually vomit but raise esophageal or gastric contents in the absence of nausea or retching, called regurgitation. – in esophageal narrowing from stricture or cancer; also with incompetent gastroesophageal sphincter • Ask about any vomitus or regurgitated material and inspect it yourself if possible!!!! – What color is it? – What does the vomitus smell like? – How much has there been? – Ask specifically if it contains any blood and try to determine how much? • Fecal odor – in small bowel obstruction – or gastrocolic fistula • Gastric juice is clear or mucoid. Small amounts of yellowish or greenish bile are common and have no special significance. • Brownish or blackish vomitus with a “coffee- grounds” appearance suggests blood altered by gastric acid. -
Indigestion, Antacids, Achlorhydria and H. Pylori. by Michael T
FEATURE ARTICLE Indigestion, antacids, achlorhydria and H. pylori. by Michael T. Murray, N.D. digestive aids include hydrochloric Perhaps the most effective treatment of used to describe a feeling of acid and pancreatic enzyme prepara- chronic reflux esophagitis is to utilize Thegaseousness term "indigestion" or fullness is in often the tions. This article will take a critical look gravity. The standard recommendation abdomen. It can also be used to describe at the use of these agents and contrast is to simply place four-inch blocks "heartburn." Indigestion can be attributed their use with natural digestive aids. The under the bedposts at the head of the to a great many causes, including not topic of H. pylori will also be addressed. bed. This elevation of the head is very only increased secretion of acid but also effective in many cases. decreased secretion of acid and other General considerations Another recommendation to heal digestive factors and enzymes. The A 1983 article in the American the esophagus is using deglycyrrhizinated dominant treatment of indigestion is the Journal of Gastroenterology asked the licorice (DGL). Although DGL is primarily use of over-the-counter preparations. question "Why do apparently healthy used for treating peptic ulcers, I have These preparations include antacids people use antacids?"1 The answer: used it clinically in cases of heartburn which work by binding free acid, and reflux esophagitis, the medical term with success. DGL is further discussed drugs like Tagamet, Zantac, and Pepcid for heartburn. Reflux esophagitis is below. which inhibit the release of antacids by most often caused by the flow of gastric blocking histamine (H2) receptors juices up the esophagus leading to a Common antacid medications including antacids. -
Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
Indigestion (dydpepsia). Indigestion information - Patient | Patient Page 1 of 5 View this article online at https://patient.info/health/dyspepsia-indigestion Dyspepsia (Indigestion) Dyspepsia (indigestion) is a term which describes pain and sometimes other symptoms which come from your upper gut (the stomach, oesophagus or duodenum). There are various causes (described below). Treatment depends on the likely cause. Understanding digestion Food passes down the gullet (oesophagus) into the stomach. The stomach makes acid which is not essential but helps to digest food. Food then passes gradually into the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum). In the duodenum and the rest of the small intestine, food mixes with chemicals called enzymes. The enzymes come from the pancreas and from cells lining the intestine. The enzymes break down (digest) the food. Digested food is then absorbed into the body from the small intestine. What is dyspepsia? Dyspepsia is a term which includes a group of symptoms that come from a problem in your upper gut. The gut (gastrointestinal tract) is the tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus. The upper gut includes the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. Various conditions cause dyspepsia. The main symptom is usually pain or discomfort in the upper tummy (abdomen). In addition, other symptoms that may develop include: • Bloating. • Belching. • Quickly feeling full after eating. • Feeling sick (nausea). • Being sick (vomiting). Symptoms are often related to eating. Doctors used to include heartburn (a burning sensation felt in the lower chest area) and bitter-tasting liquid coming up into the back of the throat (sometimes called 'waterbrash') as symptoms of dyspepsia. -
The Oesophagus Lined with Gastric Mucous Membrane by P
Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thx.8.2.87 on 1 June 1953. Downloaded from Thorax (1953), 8, 87. THE OESOPHAGUS LINED WITH GASTRIC MUCOUS MEMBRANE BY P. R. ALLISON AND A. S. JOHNSTONE Leeds (RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATION FEBRUARY 26, 1953) Peptic oesophagitis and peptic ulceration of the likely to find its way into the museum. The result squamous epithelium of the oesophagus are second- has been that pathologists have been describing ary to regurgitation of digestive juices, are most one thing and clinicians another, and they have commonly found in those patients where the com- had the same name. The clarification of this point petence ofthecardia has been lost through herniation has been so important, and the description of a of the stomach into the mediastinum, and have gastric ulcer in the oesophagus so confusing, that been aptly named by Barrett (1950) " reflux oeso- it would seem to be justifiable to refer to the latter phagitis." In the past there has been some dis- as Barrett's ulcer. The use of the eponym does not cussion about gastric heterotopia as a cause of imply agreement with Barrett's description of an peptic ulcer of the oesophagus, but this point was oesophagus lined with gastric mucous membrane as very largely settled when the term reflux oesophagitis " stomach." Such a usage merely replaces one was coined. It describes accurately in two words confusion by another. All would agree that the the pathology and aetiology of a condition which muscular tube extending from the pharynx down- is a common cause of digestive disorder. -
Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas
Friday, November 4, 2005 8:30 - 10:30 a. m. Pancreatic Tumors, Session 2 Chairman: R. Jensen, Bethesda, MD, USA 9:00 - 9:30 a. m. Working Group Session Pathology and Genetics Group leaders: J.–Y. Scoazec, Lyon, France Questions to be answered: 12 Medicine and Clinical Pathology Group leader: K. Öberg, Uppsala, Sweden Questions to be answered: 17 Surgery Group leader: B. Niederle, Vienna, Austria Questions to be answered: 11 Imaging Group leaders: S. Pauwels, Brussels, Belgium; D.J. Kwekkeboom, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Questions to be answered: 4 Color Codes Pathology and Genetics Medicine and Clinical Pathology Surgery Imaging ENETS Guidelines Neuroendocrinology 2004;80:394–424 Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas - gastrinoma Epidemiology The incidence of clinically detected tumours has been reported to be 4-12 per million inhabitants, which is much lower than what is reported from autopsy series (about 1%) (5,13). Clinicopathological staging (12, 14, 15) Well-differentiated tumours are the large majority of which the two largest fractions are insulinomas (about 40% of cases) and non-functioning tumours (30-35%). When confined to the pancreas, non-angioinvasive, <2 cm in size, with <2 mitoses per 10 high power field (HPF) and <2% Ki-67 proliferation index are classified as of benign behaviour (WHO group 1) and, with the notable exception of insulinomas, are non-functioning. Tumours confined to the pancreas but > 2 cm in size, with angioinvasion and /or perineural space invasion, or >2mitoses >2cm in size, >2 mitoses per 20 HPF or >2% Ki-67 proliferation index, either non-functioning or functioning (gastrinoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma, somastatinoma or with ectopic syndromes, such as Cushing’s syndrome (ectopic ACTH syndrome), hypercaliemia (PTHrpoma) or acromegaly (GHRHoma)) still belong to the (WHO group 1) but are classified as tumours with uncertain behaviour. -
Treatment of Equine Gastric Impaction by Gastrotomy R
EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / april 2011 169 Case Reporteve_165 169..173 Treatment of equine gastric impaction by gastrotomy R. A. Parker*, E. D. Barr† and P. M. Dixon Dick Vet Equine Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian; and †Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, UK. Keywords: horse; colic; gastric impaction; gastrotomy Summary Edinburgh with a deep traumatic shoulder wound of 24 h duration. Examination showed a mildly contaminated, A 6-year-old Warmblood gelding was referred for treatment of 15 cm long wound over the cranial aspect of the left a traumatic shoulder wound and while hospitalised developed scapula that transected the brachiocephalicus muscle a large gastric impaction which was unresponsive to and extended to the jugular groove. The horse was sound medical management. Gastrotomy as a treatment for gastric at the walk and ultrasonography showed no abnormalities impactions is rarely attempted in adult horses due to the of the bicipital bursa. limited surgical access to the stomach. This report describes The wound was debrided and lavaged under standing the successful surgical treatment of the impaction by sedation and partially closed with 2 layers of 3 metric gastrotomy and management of the post operative polyglactin 910 (Vicryl)1 sutures in the musculature and complications encountered. simple interrupted polypropylene (Prolene)1 skin sutures, leaving some ventral wound drainage. Sodium benzyl Introduction penicillin/Crystapen)2 (6 g i.v. q. 8 h), gentamicin (Gentaject)3 (6.6 mg/kg bwt i.v. q. 24 h), flunixin 4 Gastric impactions are rare in horses but, when meglumine (Flunixin) (1.1 mg/kg bwt i.v. -
A Pocket Manual of Percussion And
r — TC‘ B - •' ■ C T A POCKET MANUAL OF PERCUSSION | AUSCULTATION FOB PHYSICIANS AND STUDENTS. TRANSLATED FROM THE SECOND GERMAN EDITION J. O. HIRSCHFELDER. San Fbancisco: A. L. BANCROFT & COMPANY, PUBLISHEBS, BOOKSELLEBS & STATIONEB3. 1873. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, By A. L. BANCROFT & COMPANY, Iii the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. TRAN jLATOR’S PREFACE. However numerou- the works that have been previously published in the Fi 'lish language on the subject of Per- cussion and Auscultation, there has ever existed a lack of a complete yet concise manual, suitable for the pocket. The translation of this work, which is extensively used in the Universities of Germany, is intended to supply this want, and it is hoped will prove a valuable companion to the careful student and practitioner. J. 0. H. San Francisco, November, 1872. PERCUSSION. For the practice of percussion we employ a pleximeter, or a finger, upon which we strike with a hammer, or a finger, producing a sound, the character of which varies according to the condition of the organs lying underneath the spot percussed. In order to determine the extent of the sound produced, we may imagine the following lines to be drawr n upon the chest: (1) the mammary line, which begins at the union of the inner and middle third of the clavicle, and extends downwards through the nipple; (2) the paraster- nal line, which extends midway between the sternum and nipple ; (3) the axillary line, which extends from the centre of the axilla to the end of the 11th rib. -
Helicobacter Pylori and Peptic Ulcers
Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcers [Announcer] This podcast is presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC – safer, healthier people. [Karen Hunter] Hello, I'm Karen Hunter. With me today is Dr. David Swerdlow, senior advisor for epidemiology in the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We’re talking about a paper that appears in the September 2010 issue of the CDC's journal, Emerging Infectious Diseases. The article looks at hospitalization rates for peptic ulcer disease in American patients who may have been infected with the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. Welcome, Dr. Swerdlow. [David Swerdlow] Thank you very much. [Karen Hunter] Dr. Swerdlow, what is Helicobacter pylori and how does it affect people? [David Swerdlow] Helicobacter pylori, or H. pylori for short, is a very common spiral-shaped bacteria that can colonize your stomach. It is estimated that about 50 percent of the world is infected, with most people becoming infected in childhood. Although the majority of people infected with H. pylori do not have any symptoms, infection with the bacteria can cause a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancers. The rate of infection with H. pylori is decreasing in most of the world, primarily because of improvements in hygiene and sanitation, but since infection is life-long, unless treated, many people are still at risk for peptic ulcer disease. [Karen Hunter] What is it about an infection with H. pylori that increases the risk of developing peptic ulcer disease? [David Swerdlow] H. pylori can colonize and damage the protective lining of your stomach and create chronic inflammation. -
Abdominal Pain - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
ACS/ASE Medical Student Core Curriculum Abdominal Pain - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ABDOMINAL PAIN - GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE Epidemiology and Pathophysiology Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most commonly encountered benign foregut disorders. Approximately 20-40% of adults in the United States experience chronic GERD symptoms, and these rates are rising rapidly. GERD is the most common gastrointestinal-related disorder that is managed in outpatient primary care clinics. GERD is defined as a condition which develops when stomach contents reflux into the esophagus causing bothersome symptoms and/or complications. Mechanical failure of the antireflux mechanism is considered the cause of GERD. Mechanical failure can be secondary to functional defects of the lower esophageal sphincter or anatomic defects that result from a hiatal or paraesophageal hernia. These defects can include widening of the diaphragmatic hiatus, disturbance of the angle of His, loss of the gastroesophageal flap valve, displacement of lower esophageal sphincter into the chest, and/or failure of the phrenoesophageal membrane. Symptoms, however, can be accentuated by a variety of factors including dietary habits, eating behaviors, obesity, pregnancy, medications, delayed gastric emptying, altered esophageal mucosal resistance, and/or impaired esophageal clearance. Signs and Symptoms Typical GERD symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, excessive eructation, and epigastric pain. Patients can also present with extra-esophageal symptoms including cough, hoarse voice, sore throat, and/or globus. GERD can present with a wide spectrum of disease severity ranging from mild, intermittent symptoms to severe, daily symptoms with associated esophageal and/or airway damage. For example, severe GERD can contribute to shortness of breath, worsening asthma, and/or recurrent aspiration pneumonia. -
Gastroenterostomy and Vagotomy for Chronic Duodenal Ulcer
Gut, 1969, 10, 366-374 Gut: first published as 10.1136/gut.10.5.366 on 1 May 1969. Downloaded from Gastroenterostomy and vagotomy for chronic duodenal ulcer A. W. DELLIPIANI, I. B. MACLEOD1, J. W. W. THOMSON, AND A. A. SHIVAS From the Departments of Therapeutics, Clinical Surgery, and Pathology, The University ofEdinburgh The number of operative procedures currently in Kingdom answered a postal questionnaire. Eight had vogue in the management of chronic duodenal ulcer died since operation, and three could not be traced. The indicates that none has yet achieved definitive status. patients were questioned particularly with regard to Until recent years, partial gastrectomy was the eating capacity, dumping symptoms, vomiting, ulcer-type dyspepsia, diarrhoea or other change in bowel habit, and favoured operation, but an increasing awareness of a clinical assessment was made based on a modified its significant operative mortality and its metabolic Visick scale. The mean time since operation was 6-9 consequences, along with Dragstedt and Owen's years. demonstration of the effectiveness of vagotomy in Thirty-five patients from this group were admitted to reducing acid secretion (1943), has resulted in the hospital for a full investigation of gastrointestinal and widespread use of vagotomy and gastric drainage. related function two to seven years following their The success of duodenal ulcer surgery cannot be operation. Most were volunteers, but some were selected judged only on low stomal (or recurrent) ulceration because of definite complaints. There were more females rates; the other sequelae of gastric operations must than males (21 females and 14 males). The following be considered. -
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. Case Report
https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v5n1.71686 ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. CASE REPORT Keywords: Gastrinoma; Zollinger-Ellison Sydrome; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1. Palabras clave: Gastrinoma; Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison; Neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 1. Juan Felipe Rivillas-Reyes Juan Leonel Castro-Avendaño Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Medicina - Programa de Medicina - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. Héctor Fabián Martínez-Muñoz Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Medicina - Departamento de Cirugía - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. Corresponding author Juan Felipe Rivillas-Reyes. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá D.C. Colombia. Email: [email protected]. Received: 13/04/2018 Accepted: 20/11/2018 zollinger-ellison syndrome ABSTRACT RESUMEN 29 Introduction: The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Introducción. El síndrome de Zollinger-Elli- (ZES) is a pathology caused by a neuroendo- son (SZE) es una patología producida por un crine tumor, usually located in the pancreas tumor neuroendocrino habitualmente localiza- or the duodenum, which is characterized by do a nivel duodenal o pancreático, el cual pro- elevated levels of gastrin, resulting in an ex- duce niveles elevados de gastrina, derivando cessive production of gastric acid. en hipersecreción de ácido gástrico. Case presentation: A 42-year-old female Presentación del caso. Paciente femenino patient with a history of longstanding peptic de 42 años con antecedente de enfermedad ulcer disease, who consulted due to persistent ulceropéptica de larga data, quién consulta por epigastric pain, melena and signs of peritoneal epigastralgia persistente y deposiciones meléni- irritation. Perforated peptic ulcer was suspect- cas y presenta signos de irritación peritoneal. Se ed, requiring emergency surgical intervention.