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Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) for Maranhão State, Brazil

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Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) for Maranhão State, Brazil 14 6 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 14 (6): 951–959 https://doi.org/10.15560/14.6.951 New records of Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) for Maranhão state, Brazil Elidio A. E. Guarçoni1, Andrea Ferreira da Costa2, Eduardo O. Silva3, Alessandro W. C. Ferreira4, Miguel Sena de Oliveira5 1 Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Coordenação de Ciências Naturais, Campus Bacabal, Av. Governador João Alberto, s/n, Bambu, 65700-000, Bacabal, MA, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Coordenação de Ciências Naturais, Campus Codó, Av. Dr. José Anselmo, 2008, São Benedito, 65400-000, Codó, MA, Brazil. 4 Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Biologia, Campus Dom Delgado, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil. 5 Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, CESC/UEMA, Trav. Quininha Pires, s/n, Paulo VI, 65055-310, Caxias, MA, Brazil. Corresponding author: Elidio A.E. Guarçoni, [email protected] Abstract We report the first records of Tillandsia kegeliana, T. loliacea, T. paraensis, T. parvispica, T. recurvata, and T. tenui- folia for Maranhão, Brazil. These species were collected in the Amazonian and Cerrado biomes. This work adds new knowledge to the flora of Maranhão and extends the distribution of these species within Brazil. Key words Biodiversity; new record; geographic distribution; taxonomy; bromeliads. Academic editor: Guilherme Dubal dos Santos Seger | Received 13 June 2018 | Accepted 18 September 2018 | Published 2 November 2018 Citation: Guarçoni EAE, Costa AF, Silva EO, Ferreira AWC, Sena de Oliveira M (2018) New records of Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) for Maranhão state, Brazil. Check List 14 (6): 951–959. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.6.951 Introduction With such diverse vegetation, a high number of spe- cies is expected to occur. However, the Brazilian Flora Maranhão state, located in northeastern Brazil, has a Group reports 2,855 species of angiosperms, with only large area of nearly 332 thousand km2 (IBGE 2017). It 38 endemic species (BFG 2015). borders the Atlantic Ocean in the north, Piauí state in Studies on the flora of Maranhão are limited and the east, Tocantins state in the south and southwest, and restricted to specific areas. The usual focus is on floristic Pará state in the west and northwest (EMBRAPA 2013). or ethnobotanical aspects of individual taxonomic groups Maranhão state is located in a transition zone from and highlights uniqueness and floristic importance (e.g. the semi-arid climates of the interior of the northeast to Silva et al. 2008, Fernandes et al. 2010, Conceição et al. the equatorial wetlands of Amazonia at the confluence 2010, Linhares et al. 2011, Conceição et al. 2011, Nunes of the Amazon, Cerrado, and Caatinga biomes (Mara- et al. 2012, Rodrigues and Conceição 2014, Santos et al. nhão 2011). Several ecosystems can be observed, from 2014, Silva et al. 2016, Ferreira et al. 2017, Guarçoni et saline environments with mangroves, through flooded, al. 2018). enclosed and “babaçuais” fields, to large forest veg- Bromeliaceae Juss. is notable for its high diversity in etation with Amazonian characteristics (Muniz 2006). the Neotropics and for its ecological association with a Copyright Guarçoni et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unre- stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 952 Check List 14 (6) diverse micro -flora and fauna. Due to the spiral arrange- Vouchers of these new records were incorporated in ment of leaves, several species can accumulate water and the herbarium MAR, of the Department of Biology of microorganisms and promote the development organic the Federal University of Maranhão, Don Delgado cam- material (Benzing 2000). The family has representatives pus and in the new herbarium at the Bacabal campus, of of life forms ranging from mesomorphic to extreme the same university (BMA). xeromorphic (Smith and Downs 1974). Despite its wide The classification of the vegetation followed the local diversity and ecological importance, research on brome- names and the corresponding terms in the “Manual Téc- liads in Maranhão and few data are documented in the nico da Vegetação Brasileira” (IBGE 2012). literature. Only 13 species are listed for this state (Flora The map was prepared using QGIS 2.14.0, using the do Brasil 2018), and only Tillandsia usneoides L. repre- SAD 1969 datum. sents the genus. Tillandsioideae Harms is monophyletic, and 1 of the Results 8 subfamilies assigned to Bromeliaceae (Givnish et al. We confirm the occurrence of 7 species of Tillandsia, 2007). Recently, Barfuss et al. (2016) revised the taxonomy belonging to 3 subgenera, for the state of Maranhão: T. of the subfamily and circumscribed 4 tribes that constitute subg. Anoplophytum (T. tenuifolia L.), T. subg. Diapho- 6 subtribes and 21 genera based on new or re-evaluated ranthema (T. loliacea Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f. and morphological characters and DNA sequence data. T. recurvata L. and T. usneoides, the only species previ- Tillandsia L. (Tillandsioideae) is included in tribe ously cited) and T. subg. Tillandsia (T. kegeliana Mez, T. Tillandsieae Rchb. along with 7 other genera: Barfussia paraensis Mez and T. parvispica (L.) L.). Manzan. & W. Till, Gregbrownia W. Till & Barfuss, In Maranhão, T. kegeliana, T. paraensis, and T. Guzmania Ruiz & Pav., Lemeltonia Barfuss & W. Till, tenuifolia were found in the Amazonian biome, and T. Pseudalcantarea (Mez) Pinzón & Barfuss, Racinaea loliacea, T. parvispica, and T. recurvata in the Cerrado M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm. and Wallisia (Regel) E. Mor- biome (Fig. 1). ren (Barfuss et al. 2016). Tillandsia is the most species-rich genus in the sub- Tillandsia kegeliana Mez, in DC., Monogr. Phan. 9: family with 739 species (Gouda et al. 2018) occurring 725. 1896. Figure 2A, B from southern United States to the Antilles, central Argentina, and Uruguay, with centers of diversity in Type. Kegel 881 (lectotype GOET, US photo), Para- northern Central America and the northern and cen- maribo, Suriname. tral Andes (Barfuss et al. 2016). A total 87 species are Identification. Plant: epiphyte, 13.3–13.5 cm tall when reported for Brazil, with 50 endemic species (57.4%), flowering; roots present, rigid; stem inconspicuous. occurring in all biomes (Flora do Brasil 2018). The genus Leaves: polystichous, forming rosettes, imbricated, is divided into 7 subgenera: Aerobia Mez, Anoplophytum reflexed; sheath 2.3–4 × 2.2–3.2 cm, distinct from blade, (Beer) Baker, Diaphoranthema (Beer) Baker, Phytar- ovate, cinereous with the adaxial surface purple; blade rhiza (Vis.) Baker, Pseudovriesea Barfuss & W. Till, 7–9.7 × 0.5–0.8 cm, narrowly-triangular, revolute, apex Tillandsia L. and Viridantha (Espejo) W. Till & Barfuss. long attenuated, cinereous lepidote. Peduncle 4–7 cm These subgenera are based on lifestyle, habit of adults, long; peduncle bracts 2.5–2.7 × 0.5–0.8 cm, narrowly- presence of the central tank of adult, flower disposition, elliptic to triangular, exceeding the internodes, imbricate, connation of petals, presence of petal appendages, con- apex long-caudate. Inflorescence: 4.5–6.5 cm long, nation of filaments, and stigma type (Barfuss et al. 2016). simple, pendulous, complanate, exceeding the leaves; Recently, as part of a floristic inventory of the fam- floral bracts: 2.6–3.3 × 1.3–2.1 cm, ovate to elliptic, apex ily Bromeliaceae in the state of Maranhão, 6 species of apiculate, the lower ones strongly incurved, carinate, Tillandsia, previously known only from other Brazilian involving the sepals, orange to red, fleshy, minutely states and other countries, were located. rugulose and blackish when dry. Flowers: 8–10, disti- chous; sepals 2.3–2.5 × 0.9–1 cm, elliptic, short-connate, ecarinate, apex apiculate, green with apex reddish, gla- Methods brous; petals ca 3 × 0.4 cm, elliptic, apex acute, slightly Our study was based on field collections, a literature recurved tip, violet; stamens ca 3.2 cm long, exserted, review (Mez 1896, Smith and Downs 1977, Siqueira- adnate to the base of ovary; filaments compressed, slen- Filho and Leme 2006, Pontes and Agra 2006, Fiorato der; ovary ca 5 mm, long pyramidal; style 2.4–2.6 cm 2009, Barfuss et al. 2016), and the websites (Flora do long, cylindrical, exserted; stigma conduplicate-spiral. Brasil 2018, SpeciesLink 2018). Type specimens were Fruit: capsule, 5 cm long, dark green. Seeds: unknown. consulted through digital collections of herbaria US and New records. Brazil: Maranhão: Santa Helena, rio P (acronyms according Thiers 2018). The identifications Turiaçu, região dos Três Furos (02°07ʹ S, 045°44ʹ W), were confirmed by consulting the protologues of the 22.V.2015 (fl.), A.W.C. Ferreira 201 (BMA 1058); na taxa. divisa com o município de Presidente Sarney, na mar- Guarçoni et al. | New records of Tillandsia for Maranhão state 953 Figure 1. Geographical distribution of new records of Tillandsia for Maranhão state, Brazil. gem do rio Turiaçu, localidade dos Três Furos (02°35ʹ51ʺ 1.5–3 cm long. S, 045°26ʹ46ʺ W), 10.IV.2015 (fl.), A.W.C. Ferreira 200 New records. Brazil: Maranhão: São João do Sóter, (MAR 10923). Fazenda Boa Vista, à margem da estrada, próximo ao Tillandsia loliacea Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f., Syst. rio Itapecuru (05°11ʹ32ʺ S, 043°44ʹ51ʺ W), 30.VII.2015 Veg. 7: 1204. 1830. (fl. e fr.), A.W.C. Ferreira et al. 202 (MAR 10924; BMA Figure 2C, D 1746). Type. Martius s n (holotype M, GH photo), Monte Santo, Tillandsia paraensis Mez, in Martius, Eichler & Urban, Joazeiro, Bahia, Brazil, 1818. Fl. Bras. 3: 586, t.
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