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Specific Support to Georgia Specific Support to Georgia Improving the Effectiveness of Georgia’s Research and Innovation System through Prioritisation, Selectivity of Funding and Science-Business Links Improving the Effectiveness of Georgia’s Research and Innovation System in Georgia through Prioritisation, Selectivity of Funding and Science-Business Links European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Directorate A – Policy Development and Coordination Unit Analysis and monitoring of national research and innovation policies Contact (H2020 Specific Support for Georgia: Diana Senczyszyn, Coordinator of the Specific Support to Georgia, Unit A4 – [email protected] Contact (H2020 PSF coordination team): Román ARJONA, Chief Economist and Head of Unit A4 - [email protected] Stéphane VANKALCK, PSF Head of Sector, Unit A4 - Sté[email protected] Diana SENCZYSZYN, PSF Team Leader, Unit A4 - [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels Manuscript completed in June 2018 This document has been prepared for the European Commission; however, it only reflects the views of the authors and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018 PDF ISBN 978-92-79-86303-5 doi:10.2777/446285 KI-AX-18-007-EN-N © European Union, 2018 Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Cover Image © Eurotop.be 2017 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Specific Support to Georgia Prepared by the independent experts: Krzysztof Gulda (Co-Chair, Poland) Michael Schlicht (Co-Chair, Germany) Manfred Spiesberger (Rapporteur, Austria) Maria Nedeva (United Kingdom) 2018 Directorate-General for Research and Innovation EN Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................. 6 THE PSF SPECIFIC SUPPORT PANEL ............................................................... 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND POLICY MESSAGES .............................................. 11 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 16 1.1 Approach and methodology...................................................... 16 1.2 Scope of the report ................................................................ 17 1.3 Structure of the report ............................................................ 18 2 OVERARCHING PROBLEMS OF THE GEORGIAN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION SYSTEM ........................................... 19 2.1 Analytical framework .............................................................. 19 2.2 Funding arrangements for science, technology and innovation in Georgia ............................................................................. 20 2.2.1 Level of funding ..................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Modality of research and innovation funding ............................... 22 2.2.3 Origin of funding for research and innovation .............................. 24 2.2.4 Research and innovation funding bodies ..................................... 24 2.3 Research organisation ............................................................. 25 2.4 Science, Technology and Innovation System governance .............. 26 2.4.1 Distribution of responsibility for science, technology and innovation (or authority rights)................................................. 26 2.4.2 Evaluation............................................................................. 29 2.5 From problems to solutions ...................................................... 32 2.5.1 Low level of research funding for research and innovation ............. 32 2.5.2 High level of bureaucracy in Georgia’s Science, Technology and Innovation System ................................................................. 35 3 PRIORITISATION IN RESEARCH AND INNOVATION ............................... 39 3.1 Preconditions for successful prioritisation of research and innovation fields .................................................................... 40 3.1.1 Clarity of strategic, operational and executive responsibility .......... 40 3.1.2 Availability of reliable data on research, innovation and the economy .............................................................................. 42 3.1.3 Overcome the fragmentation of the Georgian research system ....... 43 3.2 Identifying and establishing research and innovation priorities ....... 47 3.2.1 What priorities? ..................................................................... 47 3.2.2 Criteria for identifying priorities ................................................ 47 3.2.3 How to identify research priorities? ........................................... 48 3.2.4 Who decides on research and innovation priorities? ...................... 52 3.2.5 How to implement the research priorities ................................... 53 4 PERFORMANCE-BASED RESEARCH FUNDING ....................................... 56 4.1 Preconditions for implementing a Performance Based Research Funding System in Georgia ...................................................... 56 4.1.1 Introduce base-line funding for research organisations ................. 56 4.1.2 Complete the integration of research institutes and the universities ........................................................................... 58 4.1.3 Upgrade research infrastructure and facilities .............................. 59 4.2 Performance-Based Research Funding System in Georgia: state of play 61 4.3 Performance-Based Research Funding System managing body/ies ............................................................................... 63 4.4 Research and innovation system database .................................. 64 4.5 Methods and indicators for performance measurement ................. 65 4.6 Implementation of Performance-Based Research Funding System ................................................................................ 66 5 STRENGTHENING SCIENCE-BUSINESS LINKS ...................................... 69 5.1 Challenges to the current science-business links support policy ...... 70 5.2 SBL facilitation and support measures ....................................... 73 5.3 Transfer of knowledge............................................................. 76 5.3.1 Brokers as technology transfer and science-business cooperation drivers................................................................. 77 5.3.2 Support for researchers active in science-business links ................ 79 5.3.3 Favourable Intellectual Property Rights regime ............................ 80 5.4 Co-production and co-funding .................................................. 83 5.4.1 Collaborative structures – competence centres ............................ 83 5.4.2 Funding for collaborative research and development .................... 87 5.4.3 Tax incentives ....................................................................... 93 5.5 Exchange of people and mobility schemes .................................. 96 5.5.1 Creating a policy environment for staff secondments .................... 96 5.5.2 Company-funded studentships ................................................. 97 5.5.3 Industrial participation in university teaching .............................. 97 5.5.4 Coordinated PhDs................................................................... 97 5.6 Science-business links good practice cases: company sector, institute sector ...................................................................... 99 ANNEX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE ........................................................ 104 ANNEX 2: AGENDA OF MEETINGS, DECEMBER 2017 ............................... 109 ANNEX 3: PROCUREMENT PROBLEMS IN GEORGIA ................................. 115 ANNEX 4: OVERVIEW OF RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................... 116 ANNEX 5: ACTION PLAN – TIMING OF RECOMMENDATIONS ..................... 117 3 List of Tables Table 1: Action Plan (shortened version) ....................................................... 14 Table 2: Three dimensions of R&I systems .................................................... 20 Table 3: Overarching problems of the STIS in Georgia ..................................... 31 Table 4: Grid for priority selection ................................................................ 48 List of Figures Figure 1: GERD as a share of GDP for Georgia and selected benchmarks ............ 21 Figure 2: Georgian STIS structure and distribution of responsibility ................... 27 Figure 3: Activity line for increasing R&I funding............................................. 35 Figure 4: Activity line for reducing bureaucracy in research and innovation ......... 38 Figure 5: Activity line for clarifying authority structures ................................... 42 Figure 6: R&I centre approach ..................................................................... 44 Figure 7: Activity line for addressing the fragmented research system ................ 46 Figure 8: National R&I centre approach ......................................................... 54 Figure
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