DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter1 Introduct to Computer Hardware and Software [Compatibility Mode]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter1 Introduct to Computer Hardware and Software [Compatibility Mode] Basic Network CompTIA A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining Your PC By: JEAN ANDREW Chapter 1: Introduction of Computer Software and Hardware 1 Objectives Purpose and Uses of Personal Computer Local and Network Applications Identify the Motherboard, CPU, RAM, Power Supply, and Case. Identify the type of Adapter Cards Identify the type of Storage Devices Identify the type of Portable Devices Identify the type of Peripheral Devices 2 Purpose and Uses of Personal Computers Computers are used all over the world and in all types of environments. They are used in businesses, manufacturing environments, homes, government offices and non-profit organizations. 3 Purpose and Uses of Personal Computers Hardware - the physical components, both internal and external, that make up a computer. Operating System - a set of computer programs that manages the hardware of a computer. An operating system controls the resources on a computer, including memory and disk storage. An example of an operating system is Windows XP . Application Software - programs loaded on the computer to perform a specific function using the capabilities of the computer. An example of application software is a word processor or a computer game. 4 Purpose and Uses of Personal Computers 5 Local and Network Applications Local application - A local application is a program, such as a word processor, that is stored on the hard disk of the computer. The application runs only on that computer. Network application - A network application is one that is designed to run over a network, such as the Internet. A network application has two components, one that runs on the local computer and one that runs on a remote computer. Email is an example of a network application. 6 Identify the Motherboard, CPU, RAM, Power Supply, and Case Hardware Components 7 Motherboard Mainboard is a large circuit board used to connect the electronics and circuitry Required which comprise the computer system. Mainboard contain connectors which allow major system components such as CPU , RAM ,HardDisk ,Power Supply,CDRom/DVD . 8 Motherboard Components 9 CPU (Central Processing Unit) The CPU or Processor , is the nerve center of computer system. It is the component that processes all of the data. 10 RAM (Random Access Memory) RAM use for store memory Temporary. Type RAM such as SDR RAM,DDR(DDR,DDR2,DDR3) SDR RAM 11 ROM (Red Only Memory) ROM use for store memory permanent. It have in BIOS. 12 Power Supply Power Supply is used to deliver power to all devices. 13 Storage Devices Reads or writes information to magnetic or optical storage media. It have such as : Hard Disk Drives Floppy Drives Zip Drives Tape Drives External Hard Disk Flash Drive CD/DVD 14 Adapter Cards Adapter cards add functionality to a computer system. They are designed to be plugged into a connector or slot on the mainboard. Adapter cards includes : VGA Cards Sound Cards Network Interface Cards (Network Card) Modem Controller cards 15 Adapter Cards 16 Portable Devices There Portable devices very small in size, power and graphic include : Notebook PC Pocket PC PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) Gaming Device Cell Phone 17 Portable Devices 18 Peripheral Devices Peripheral is a device that is added to the computer to expand its capabilities. It have such as printer, scanner, modem. 19 Peripheral Devices Importance of UPS and Surge Protector. 20 Summary Computers are used all over the world and in all types of environments including: government, medical, education, manufacturing, legal and leisure. In order for most computers to perform useful functions, there are three things that have to work together: Hardware, Software and Operation Systems. An application can be classified as local or networked . Things to consider when purchasing a computer: Motherboard, CPU, RAM, Adapter Cards, Storage, Peripherals, UPS, Surge Suppressors. There are many different types of Portable Devices available including: Notebook PC, Pocket PC, PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) ,Gaming Device and Cell Phone. 21.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,119,179 Whitridge Et Al
    USOO6119179A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,119,179 Whitridge et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 12, 2000 54) TELECOMMUNICATIONS ADAPTER Primary Examiner Thomas C. Lee PROVIDING NON-REPUDIABLE Assistant Examiner Albert Wang COMMUNICATIONS LOG AND Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Brown RaySman Millstein Felder SUPPLEMENTAL POWER FOR A PORTABLE & Steiner LLP PROGRAMMABLE DEVICE 57 ABSTRACT 75 Inventors: Frederick W. Whitridge, Greenwich; Brendan F. Hemingway, New Haven, A portable adapter that provides non-repudiable telecom both of Conn. munications Services to bar-code reading hand-held com puters and palm-top or tablet-type mobile computerS is 73 Assignee: PDA Peripherals Inc., Greenwich, disclosed. The adapter provides Supplemental power Supply Conn. and processing capacity that Supports API communications functions, Such as interactive voice recognition, conference calling, data encryption, VoIP packetization and other 21 Appl. No.: 09/143,188 Signal-format conversions that are not implemented on 22 Filed: Aug. 28, 1998 mobile computers. In particular, the device automatically logs IP packet identifiers and DOV dialing and status 51 Int. Cl. ............................ G06F 13/14; G06F 3/00; Signals, without the user having access to edit this HO4M 1/OO information, thereby providing a “non-repudiation record 52 U.S. Cl. ............................ 710/72; 455/556; 455/557; of all communications. The adapter also Supports intensive 455/572; 235/380; 235/472.01; 320/114; use of the host computer's Serial port by Supplementing the 375/222 power available from the host computer's battery, or replac 58 Field of Search ............................. 320/114; 235/380, ing that battery with a connector.
    [Show full text]
  • Supercomputing in Plain English: Overview
    Supercomputing in Plain English An Introduction to High Performance Computing Part I: Overview: What the Heck is Supercomputing? Henry Neeman, Director OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research Goals of These Workshops To introduce undergrads, grads, staff and faculty to supercomputing issues To provide a common language for discussing supercomputing issues when we meet to work on your research NOT: to teach everything you need to know about supercomputing – that can’t be done in a handful of hourlong workshops! OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research 2 What is Supercomputing? Supercomputing is the biggest, fastest computing right this minute. Likewise, a supercomputer is the biggest, fastest computer right this minute. So, the definition of supercomputing is constantly changing. Rule of Thumb: a supercomputer is 100 to 10,000 times as powerful as a PC. Jargon: supercomputing is also called High Performance Computing (HPC). OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research 3 What is Supercomputing About? Size Speed OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research 4 What is Supercomputing About? Size: many problems that are interesting to scientists and engineers can’t fit on a PC – usually because they need more than 2 GB of RAM, or more than 60 GB of hard disk. Speed: many problems that are interesting to scientists and engineers would take a very very long time to run on a PC: months or even years. But a problem that would take a month on a PC might take only a few hours on a supercomputer. OU Supercomputing
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Hardware Architecture Lecture 4
    Computer Hardware Architecture Lecture 4 Manfred Liebmann Technische Universit¨atM¨unchen Chair of Optimal Control Center for Mathematical Sciences, M17 [email protected] November 10, 2015 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 Reading List • Pacheco - An Introduction to Parallel Programming (Chapter 1 - 2) { Introduction to computer hardware architecture from the parallel programming angle • Hennessy-Patterson - Computer Architecture - A Quantitative Approach { Reference book for computer hardware architecture All books are available on the Moodle platform! Computer Hardware Architecture 1 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 UMA Architecture Figure 1: A uniform memory access (UMA) multicore system Access times to main memory is the same for all cores in the system! Computer Hardware Architecture 2 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 NUMA Architecture Figure 2: A nonuniform memory access (UMA) multicore system Access times to main memory differs form core to core depending on the proximity of the main memory. This architecture is often used in dual and quad socket servers, due to improved memory bandwidth. Computer Hardware Architecture 3 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 Cache Coherence Figure 3: A shared memory system with two cores and two caches What happens if the same data element z1 is manipulated in two different caches? The hardware enforces cache coherence, i.e. consistency between the caches. Expensive! Computer Hardware Architecture 4 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 False Sharing The cache coherence protocol works on the granularity of a cache line. If two threads manipulate different element within a single cache line, the cache coherency protocol is activated to ensure consistency, even if every thread is only manipulating its own data.
    [Show full text]
  • Cisco UCS CNA M72KR-Q Qlogic Converged Network Adapter Data
    Data Sheet Cisco UCS CNA M72KR-Q QLogic Converged Network Adapter Cisco Unified Computing System Overview The Cisco Unified Computing System™ is a next-generation data center platform that unites compute, network, storage access, and virtualization into a cohesive system designed to reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) and increase business agility. The system integrates a low-latency, lossless 10 Gigabit Ethernet unified network fabric with enterprise-class, x86-architecture servers. The system is an integrated, scalable, multi-chassis platform in which all resources participate in a unified management domain. Product Overview The Cisco® UCS CNA M72KR-Q QLogic Converged Network Adapter (CNA) is a QLogic-based Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) mezzanine card that provides connectivity for Cisco UCS B-Series Blade Servers in the Cisco Unified Computing System. Designed specifically for the Cisco UCS blades, the adapter provides high-performance connectivity for SAN and LAN traffic. One Cisco UCS M72KR-Q can do the work of a discrete Fibre Channel host bus adapter (HBA) and Ethernet network interface card (NIC). This convergence means fewer cables, fewer switches, less power consumption, reduced cooling, and unified LAN and SAN management. Figure 1. Cisco UCS CNA M72KR-Q QLogic Converged Network Adapter © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 1 of 4 Data Sheet Features and Benefits The Cisco UCS M72KR-Q provides both 10 Gigabit Ethernet and 8-Gbps Fibre Channel functions
    [Show full text]
  • Embedded System Introduction.Pdf
    EmbeddedEmbedded SystemSystem IntroductionIntroduction ANDES Confidential WWW.ANDESTECH.COM Embedded System vs Desktop Page 2 相同點 CPU Storage I/O 相異點 Desktop ‧可執行多種功能 ‧作業系統對於系統資源的管理較為複雜 Embedded System ‧執行特定功能 ‧作業系統對於系統資源的管理較為簡單 Page 3 SystemSystem LayerLayer Application Application Operating System Operating System Firmware Firmware Firmware Hardware Hardware Hardware Desktop computer Complex embedded Simple embedded computer computer Page 4 HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture DesktopDesktop ComputerComputer SystemSystem HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture CPU AGP Slot North Bridge Memory PCI Interface USB Interface South Bridge IDE Interface System BIOS ISA Interface Super IO Port Page 5 HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture EmbeddedEmbedded SystemSystem ComputerComputer HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture ADC CPU SPI Digital I/O ROM IIC Host RAM Timers Computer UART Bus Interface Memory Network Interface I/O Page 6 What is the Embedded System? Page 7 IntroductionIntroduction Challenges in embedded system design. Design methodologies. Page 8 EmbeddedEmbedded SystemSystem ?? •An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions •with real-time computing constraints • include hardware, software and mechanical parts Page 9 EmbeddingEmbedding aa computercomputer Page 10 ComponentsComponents ofof anan embeddedembedded systemsystem Characteristics Low power Closed operating environment Cost sensitive Page 11 ComponentsComponents ofof anan embeddedembedded
    [Show full text]
  • USB to Ethernet Adapter | QUICK SETUP GUIDE RF-PCC132
    USB to Ethernet Adapter | QUICK SETUP GUIDE RF-PCC132 Thank you for purchasing this high quality Rocketfish USB to Ethernet Adapter. Use this adapter to instantly connect to a 10/100 Mbps network from the USB port on your desktop or laptop computer. 3 When the installation is complete, click Finish to restart your Package contents computer and finish the installation. • USB to Ethernet Adapter • Driver CD • Quick Setup Guide Setting up the adapter Note: The driver software must be installed before you connect the adapter. The adapter does not need to be connected for the software to install. To install on a Windows PC: 1 Insert the driver CD into the optical drive on your computer. The software should run automatically. The initial installation screen opens. Note: If the software does not run automatically, locate and double-click Run.exe on the driver CD. 4 Connect the USB connector on the adapter to an open USB port on 2 Click on your operating system, then follow on-screen instructions. your desktop or laptop computer. 5 Connect a network cable to the Ethernet port on the adapter. To install on a Mac: 1 Insert the driver CD into the optical drive of your computer. On the driver CD, locate and click AX88772.dmg. Click the DISK IMAGE icon. The driver setup driver setup dialog box opens. Note: If the computer has Windows 8, you do not need to install the driver from the disc. The drivers are installed automatically. 2 When the installer screen opens, click 4 When installation is complete, click Restart to FCC Information Continue to start the installation, then restart the computer and finish the installation.
    [Show full text]
  • 14 Los Alamos National Laboratory
    14 Los Alamos National Laboratory Every year for the past 17 years, the director of Los Alamos alternative for assessing the safety, reliability, and perfor- National Laboratory has had a legally required task: write mance of the stockpile: virtual-world simulations. a letter—a personal assessment of Los Alamos–designed warheads and bombs in the U.S. nuclear stockpile. Th i s I, Iceberg letter is sent to the secretaries of Energy and Defense and to Hollywood movies such as the Matrix series or I, Robot the Nuclear Weapons Council. Th rough them the letter goes typically portray supercomputers as massive, room-fi lling to the president of the United States. machines that churn out answers to the most complex questions—all by themselves. In fact, like the director’s Th e technical basis for the director’s assessment comes from Annual Assessment Letter, supercomputers are themselves the Laboratory’s ongoing execution of the nation’s Stockpile the tip of an iceberg. Stewardship Program; Los Alamos’ mission is to study its portion of the aging stockpile, fi nd any problems, and address them. And for the past 17 years, the director’s letter has said, Without people, a supercomputer in eff ect, that any problems that have arisen in Los Alamos would be no more than a humble jumble weapons are being addressed and resolved without the need for full-scale underground nuclear testing. of wires, bits, and boxes. When it comes to the Laboratory’s work on the annual assess- Although these rows of huge machines are the most visible ment, the director’s letter is just the tip of the iceberg.
    [Show full text]
  • IBM Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter Has Two Functions
    -------- ---- ---- Personal Computer -------_.­- - - --- Hardware Reference Library mM Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter 6361511 ii Contents Introduction ................................... 1 Monochrome Display Adapter Function .............. 1 Description ................................ 1 Programming Considerations .................. 5 Specifications .............................. 9 Printer Adapter Function ........................ 11 Description ............................... 11 Programming Considerations ................. 13 Specifications ............................. 17 Logic Diagrams ................................ 19 ill iv Introduction The IBM Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter has two functions. The first is to provide an interface to the IBM ~ Monochrome Display. The second is to provide a parallel interface for the IBM Printers. We will discuss this adapter by function. Monochrome Display Adapter Function Description The IBM Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter is designed around the Motorola 6845 CRT Controller module. There are 4K bytes of RAM on the adapter that are used for the display .~ buffer. This buffer has two ports to which the system unit's microprocessor has direct access. No parity is provided on the display buffer. Two bytes are fetched from the display buffer in 553 ns, providing a data rate of 1.8M bytes/second. The adapter supports 256 different character codes. An 8K-byte character generator contains the fonts for the character codes. The characters, values, and screen characteristics are given
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Engineering Mathematics
    5 Linear Systems of ODEs 5.1 Systems of ODEs In a sense, Chapter 5 equals Chapter 2 “plus” Chapter 3, in the sense that Chapter 5 combines use of matrix theory and ordinary differential equation (ODE) methods. When we have more than one linear ODE, results from matrix theory turn out to be useful. Example 5.1 For the circuit shown in Figure 5.1, let v(t) be the voltage drop across the capacitor and I(t) be the loop current. The input V(t) is a given function. Assume, as usual, that L, R, and C are constants. Write down a system of ODEs in R2 that models this circuit. Method: The series RLC circuit shown in Figure 5.1 is analogous to the DC series RLC circuit discussed near the end of Section 3.3. The first ODE models the voltage drop across the capacitor being v(t) = 1 q(t),whereq(t) is the charge on the capacitor and C ˙ q˙(t) = I(t). The second ODE in the system is Kirchhoff’s voltage law, LI(t)+RI(t)+v(t) = V(t), after dividing through by L. The system is ⎧ ⎫ ⎨˙( ) = 1 ( ) ⎬ v t C I t ⎩ ⎭ . (5.1) ˙( ) = 1 ( ( ) − ( ) − ( )) I t L V t RI t v t More generally, consider a system of two ODEs in unknowns x1(t), x2(t): ⎧ ⎫ ˙ ⎨x1(t) = F1 t, x1(t), x2(t) ⎬ ⎩ ⎭ . (5.2) ˙ x2(t) = F2 t, x1(t), x2(t) A special case is ⎧ ⎫ ˙ ⎨x1(t) = a11(t)x1 + a12(t)x2 + f1(t)⎬ ⎩ ⎭ , (5.3) ˙ x2(t) = a21(t)x1 + a22(t)x2 + f2(t) which is called a linear system.
    [Show full text]
  • CPU) the CPU Is the Brains of the Computer, and Is Also Known As the Processor (A Single Chip Also Known As Microprocessor)
    Central processing unit (CPU) The CPU is the brains of the computer, and is also known as the processor (a single chip also known as microprocessor). This electronic component interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer. Cache as a rule holds data waiting to be processed and instructions waiting to be executed. The main parts of the CPU are: control unit arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and registers – also referred as Cache registers The CPU is connected to a circuit board called the motherboard also known as the system board. Click here to see more information on the CPU Let’s look inside the CPU and see what the different components actually do and how they interact Control unit The control unit directs and co-ordinates most of the operations in the computer. It is a bit similar to a traffic officer controlling traffic! It translates instructions received from a program/application and then begins the appropriate action to carry out the instruction. Specifically the control unit: controls how and when input devices send data stores and retrieves data to and from specific locations in memory decodes and executes instructions sends data to other parts of the CPU during operations sends data to output devices on request Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The ALU is the computer’s calculator. It handles all math operations such as: add subtract multiply divide logical decisions - true or false, and/or, greater then, equal to, or less than Registers Registers are special temporary storage areas on the CPU. They are: used to store items during arithmetic, logic or transfer operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Hardware Components and Internal PC Connections
    Technological University Dublin ARROW@TU Dublin Instructional Guides School of Multidisciplinary Technologies 2015 Computer Hardware: Hardware Components and Internal PC Connections Jerome Casey Technological University Dublin, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/schmuldissoft Part of the Engineering Education Commons Recommended Citation Casey, J. (2015). Computer Hardware: Hardware Components and Internal PC Connections. Guide for undergraduate students. Technological University Dublin This Other is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Multidisciplinary Technologies at ARROW@TU Dublin. It has been accepted for inclusion in Instructional Guides by an authorized administrator of ARROW@TU Dublin. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License Higher Cert/Bachelor of Technology – DT036A Computer Systems Computer Hardware – Hardware Components & Internal PC Connections: You might see a specification for a PC 1 such as "containing an Intel i7 Hexa core processor - 3.46GHz, 3200MHz Bus, 384 KB L1 cache, 1.5MB L2 cache, 12 MB L3 cache, 32nm process technology; 4 gigabytes of RAM, ATX motherboard, Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit operating system, an Intel® GMA HD graphics card, a 500 gigabytes SATA hard drive (5400rpm), and WiFi 802.11 bgn". This section aims to discuss a selection of hardware parts, outline common metrics and specifications
    [Show full text]
  • System Unit Is a Case That Contains Electronic Components of the Computer Used to Process Data. Made of Metal Or Plastic To
    10/12/2017 The Components of the system unit System Unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data. Made of metal or plastic to protects the internal components from damage. All computers have a system unit. It is available in variety of shapes & sizes. 1 10/12/2017 The Components of the system unit System unit System System unit unit System unit System unit Handheld controller The Components of the system unit 2 10/12/2017 The Components of the system unit 1. Processor interprets & carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. 2. Memory holds data waiting to be processed & instruction waiting to be executed. 3. Processor & Memory are connected to a circuit board called the motherboard. 4. Adapter cards (expansion slots): are circuit boards that provide connections and functions not built into the motherboard. 5. Devices outside the system unit often attach to the ports. 6. A drive bay holds one or more disk drive. 7. The Power supply provide the computer with the electricity. The Components of the system unit Motherboard , called system board. It is a main circuit board of the system unit. Many electronic components attach to the motherboard, others are built into it. Ex: adapter cards, a processor chip and a memory module. 3 10/12/2017 Central Processing Unit (CPU) Processor, called the central processing unit (CPU), Microprocessor. CPU Control Unit Arithmetic/ Logic Unit (ALU) Its contain a control unit & an arithmetic logic unit (ALU). These 2 components work together to perform processing operations. Processor Control Unit ALU Instructions Data Information INPUT OUTPUT MEMORY DEVICES Data information DEVICES Instructions Data Information Storage Devices 4 10/12/2017 Central Processing Unit (CPU) The operations typically performed by a CPU are: 1.
    [Show full text]