Helford Marine Conservation Group
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
HELFORD Voluntary Marine Conservation Area Newsletter No. 42 Spring 2011 A new name and a new era for Cornwall’s inshore waters After over 120 years of managing Cornwall’s fisheries, Cornwall Sea Fisheries Committee (CSFC) ceases to exist on 31 March 2011. From its humble beginnings on 28 March 1890 with one fishery officer on a bicycle, it has grown to 11 staff and 4 vessels, with a considerably larger carbon footprint! Its jurisdiction had expanded from the 3 mile to the 6 mile limit and fishing methods and vessels have evolved, in most cases, beyond all recognition. Similarly, the global viewpoint on the value of our seas and oceans has changed dramatically, particularly in the last 30 years. Concerns over the loss of marine biodiversity and the impacts of human activities have resulted in many new conventions and laws to protect marine wildlife. The challenge of this new legislation is to balance the requirements of marine conservation with the need to harvest and enjoy our marine resources and to have access to our waters for all our activities. In the UK, this challenge has been set out for England & So what will look different in practical terms? Of greatest Wales in the new Marine & Coastal Access Act (MaCAA) relevance to the Helford River, this area will now be 2009. One of the main sections of the Act establishes the within our District, alongside all of Cornwall’s estuaries. successors to the Sea Fisheries Committees – the new The Environment Agency will continue their patrol work Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authorities (IFCAs). to conserve salmon and sea trout but CIFCA officers will There will be 10 IFCAs across England, with Cornwall and enforce sea fisheries and conservation legislation, often Scilly retaining their separate identities. The membership on joint patrols with the EA. Fishery Officers will become of the existing CSFC with 26 members split between the Enforcement Officers and will be sporting a new uniform fishing industry, local councillors and environmental to go with their new powers. bodies will change, with a new Cornwall IFCA Committee of 21 members, representing a broader range of sectors In line with the Marine Act, the focus of our work will and with more representation from environment bodies. be on environmental management, including fisheries, supported by surveys, monitoring programmes and Whilst the core of the Cornwall IFCA will be the existing enforcement. We will also enforce the new Marine SFC staff and assets, the CIFCA will be a very different Conservation Zones (MCZ) when they are designated. organisation with a new remit and broader responsibilities. Above all, we are charged with managing Cornwall’s It will also be expected to perform to a national set of inshore waters in an environmentally sustainable and standards and targets. Whilst SFCs are funded through balanced way. Busy times ahead from 1 April 2011! local authorities, Defra has allocated additional money to IFCAs for 4 years to enable us to carry out a wider Sam Davies, Senior Fishery Officer, Cornwall Sea range of work, especially within the estuaries which has Fisheries expanded our District area by 10%. 1 hvmca newsletter spring 11.indd 1 17/02/2011 11:46:08 Invasive species Invasive species, alien species, non native species; coastal waters was Sargassum muticum or wire weed. it all sounds rather nasty? A bit like HG Wells’s This brown algae was first recorded near the Solent apocalyptic novel detailing the Martians popping in the early 1970s. It is fast growing and forms dense down for a bit of world domination. However, canopies, its air filled bladders holding its fronds up in there are good and justified reasons why we should the water column. Since then it has spread round the be concerned about the introduction of new and coast of the UK and can now be found in most places potentially damaging species to our native habitats. where there are suitable holdfasts in shallow coastal However, what I hope to illustrate is that it is all a waters and rock pools. The fear was that because it question of balance and managing the rate of change. grows very quickly and forms large fronds that it would smother our more normal coastal algal species Take what we think of as our native habitats. Just how and even damage our seagrass beds. None of this “natural” do you really suppose they are and what has transpired and now Sargassum, here to stay, has do we mean by the word natural? Around 20,000 established itself as part of our coastal biodiversity. years ago, at the end of the last ice age, the world around us would have looked very different. It is Another recent arrival to our waters is the slipper possible that many of the species we recognise today limpet Crepidula fornicata. Again, it is believed to would not have been around and were in fact “aliens” have been first recorded in the Solent but, due to it themselves, moving into the warming seas, migrating being fast growing, a rapid reproducer and having no from more southerly areas. This natural movement natural predators in our waters, it has spread round of species from one place to another happens all the our southern coasts and is now only limited in its time. Juvenile forms of what we commonly think of as distribution by the colder water temperatures further sessile species, sponges, soft corals etc., are generally north. Although, like Leptopsammia and Sargassum, mobile and move as plankton through the world’s Crepidula is here to stay, it is far more of a problem. oceans. Because it has no natural predators, Crepidula forms dense carpets of animals and has a particular liking for Indeed, this process is still happened today and our native shellfish beds and in particular, oyster beds. marine biologists were delighted to find a very rare cup coral (Leptopsammia pruvoti) growing in a few We have populations of the native European oyster, isolated spots round the south west. Rare that is Ostrea edulis on both the Fal and Helford. Both for south-western England as it is more commonly fisheries have a major problem with Crepidula and thought of as a Mediterranean species. However, a few whilst there have been various schemes proposed to planktonic larvae managed to hitch a ride on the ocean remove them from the fishery, none of these projects currents and settled here to add to our biodiversity. has been successful. Given their abundance you might think that they would be an excellent fishery in their However, not all new arrivals are thought of with such own right. However, not even chefs as talented as Rick fondness. One invasive species that was viewed with Stein have managed to find a way of making them trepidation when it was first spotted growing in our taste edible! Slipper limpet. Photo by Paul Naylor 2 hvmca newsletter spring 11.indd 2 17/02/2011 11:46:09 Wakame. Photo by Lisa Rennocks Unfortunately, the influx does not end with there. A It is all about the rate of change and the impact, that recent project has begun to make a record of marine these species have on our native species. As mentioned, invasive species here in Cornwall and hopefully slow Leptopsammia arrived “naturally”, is here in small numbers the spread of this next round of unwanted plants and and adds to our wonderfully rich and diverse marine animals. The project, led by Cornwall Wildlife Trust, habitats. The other invasive species were introduced recently found and removed another invasive brown artificially; possibly hitching a ride on shellfish imported alga from a site in the Fal estuary. Wakame, Undaria for aquaculture, spread rapidly in great numbers and pinnatifida, in common with our native kelps grows in detract from our biodiversity. Eventually, our habitats the clear waters round the south west. It is also fast will change as a result of drivers like climate change and growing and could crowd out some of these native equilibrium will be re-established, but in the meantime species. we need to be far more careful in our introduction and management of these aliens. Another potentially damaging species that has made it into English waters but has yet to be recorded in Kevan Cook, Lead marine advisor, Natural England Cornwall is Didemnum vexillum. This species of sea squirt has caused damage to the infrastructure of Investigating Invasives ports, marinas and aquaculture farms. However, Both native marine life and marine based industries with the co-operation of our harbour authorities and are under increasing pressure from the introduction marinas, we are maintaining a watch for this and it is of non-native invasive species. ERCCIS and Cornwall hoped that when it does eventually arrive here, we will Wildlife Trust are collaborating with associated be able to take action quickly to stop it from becoming organisations, including the Marine Biological established. Association, to uncover which invasive species have already arrived and establish the ones that pose So why is it that we celebrate the arrival of a significant threat should they arrive. For more Leptopsammia and yet curse the likes of Sargassum, information about the project and how you could Crepidula, Undaria and Didemnum? help please see www.erccis.co.uk/invasivespecies/ Investigate_Invasives_Marine. 3 hvmca newsletter spring 11.indd 3 17/02/2011 11:46:12 Your Shore – Full Throttle in 2011 Many people think that the winter months are a quiet period for conservation officers – surely it is too cold to venture outside for events or monitoring work? It is true that outdoor sessions have to be kept to a minimum to avoid the bad weather and dark days, but you couldn’t be further from the truth if you thought that we marine conservation officers have nothing better to do then twiddle our thumbs until Easter descends! Since the start of 2011, and I write this article at the end of January, the Your Shore project has delivered three volunteer meetings, five public events, and two volunteer training sessions not to mention the articles written for newsletters, newspapers and magazine for the VMCAs around the county.