Family in the Church Latter-Day Saint Doctrine Regarding Family and Gender Amber Jean Seidel
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Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU Master's Theses, and Doctoral Dissertations, and Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations Graduate Capstone Projects 2006 Family in the Church Latter-day Saint doctrine regarding family and gender Amber Jean Seidel Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.emich.edu/theses Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons Recommended Citation Seidel, Amber Jean, "Family in the Church Latter-day Saint doctrine regarding family and gender" (2006). Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations. 90. http://commons.emich.edu/theses/90 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses, and Doctoral Dissertations, and Graduate Capstone Projects at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FAMILY IN THE CHURCH LATTER-DAY SAINT DOCTRINE REGARDING FAMILY AND GENDER by Amber Jean Seidel Thesis Submitted to the Department of Sociology, Anthropology, & Criminology Eastern Michigan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Sociology with a concentration in Family Thesis Committee: Robert Orrange, PhD, Chair Paul Leighton, PhD June 1, 2006 Ypsilanti, Michigan i Dedication To Richard Bennett, - for assuming that I would pursue graduate school ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my friends and family for babysitting and proofreading: Thomas and Virginia Majeske, Kaylene and Dave Thaler, Raelyn and Adam Davis, Brett and Jennifer Majeske, Alane Starko, Lloyd Newell, Steve Hedquist, and Robert Quinn. I would also like to acknowledge my husband, Joseph, and children, Gelisse and Byron, for their patience during many hours of research and typing. Finally, I would like to thank the Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology department at Eastern and my committee, especially Dr. Robert Orrange, for his hours of direction and helping me to mold my thesis. iii Abstract To discover the compatibility of traditional Christianity and mainstream feminism, a content analysis was performed on confirmed sources of doctrine of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Through systematic reading and identifying themes of God and the Bible, gender role separation, patriarchy, or domestic violence, an analysis of pertinent feminist criticisms was performed. Latter-day Saint doctrine of family includes the following statements: (1) there is a Heavenly Mother as a divine partner to Heavenly Father, (2) the Bible contains errors regarding respect toward women, (3) women need to be active in education, home, and community, (4) men should honor wives and children, (5) all humans are children of God with no one being treated subordinately, and (6) abuse is never appropriate or justified. Although these doctrines do not perfectly align with feminist thought, they can be practically applied by social workers helping women of the Latter-day Saint faith. iv Table of Contents Dedication................................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................. iii Abstract.................................................................................................................................... iv CHAPTER 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: Literature Review ............................................................................................ 13 God and the Bible ................................................................................................................... 13 Gender Role Separation/Patriarchy ........................................................................................ 20 Feminists experience clergy/ woman violence ....................................................................... 31 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 36 CHAPTER 3: Methods ........................................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER 4: Results ............................................................................................................. 49 God and the Bible ................................................................................................................... 50 Gender Role Separation .......................................................................................................... 56 Clergy – domestic violence..................................................................................................... 69 CHAPTER 5: Discussion of the Doctrine .............................................................................. 76 CHAPTER 6: Conclusion....................................................................................................... 86 References............................................................................................................................... 91 Appendix A: A glossary of Latter-day Saint terms ................................................................ 99 Appendix B: The Family: A Proclamation to the World...................................................... 103 v CHAPTER 1: Introduction Durkeim and others in the sociological tradition have placed great emphasis on the role that religion has played in all societies throughout history. Eck (2001) wrote that religious diversity, not race, would be the largest challenge for America in the twenty-first century. One of the reasons is that “more than most other social institutions, religions have elaborated moral codes that are meant to guide human behavior, and many of the great religious traditions have given special attention to issues of sexuality, the roles of men and women, and the place of the family in society” (McQuillan, 2004, p. 27). All of these issues have been at the forefront of social change in recent history. Issues of sexuality, gender role separation, and the place of family in society have been impacted by feminist scholarship, the women’s rights movement, and more recently by gay activism. These are substantial topics for academics to explore, and they are also extremely sensitive for many individuals in the broader society to confront, especially those of a traditional Christian background. One of the reasons these issues are so sensitive is that they can touch on deep theological nerves regarding religious doctrine or dogma and how it defines the dignity of women and the nature of marriage. Therefore, many Christian believers feel that “our response to such matters can also undermine our sense of belonging, both to one another and to God. Indeed, the divisive feelings arising from today’s ‘gender wars’ are among the greatest threats to the fulfillment of our longing to belong” (Hafen & Hafen, 1994). Conflicting ideologies divide many traditional religious groups and some academic scholars, including those of feminist persuasion. Such ideological conflicts involve tensions surrounding issues of faith versus science, life versus choice, and commandments versus freedom. In order to better explore these conflicts, one must define what is meant by a 1 traditional Christian religion and what is feminism. For the purpose of this study, a traditional Christian religion is a group who defines an ultimate source for truth, considers Jesus Christ to be the Savior of the world, follows a literal interpretation of the Bible, and holds differing roles for men and women. Although there may be other religions that are also traditional in nature, this study examines only traditional Christian religions. In addition, a feminist scholar is one who claims to view the world through feminist theory. There exists great variety in the interpretation of what is considered feminist theory. This study includes those who are self-proclaimed feminists or academic scholars supporting feminist claims. A discussion of these definitions in greater detail will follow. Understanding what is considered a traditional Christian religion requires one to look at what a religion’s worldview is. Foss and Warnke (2003) suggest that one considers members of a religious group to be equated with members of a cultural group. By categorizing a religious group in this manner, a great depth of understanding can be reached. Sue and Sue (2002) assert that just as cultural identity and upbringing are an integral part of an individual’s world view, religion too has a concrete impact on an individual’s decision making process, behaviors, and perception of the world. One of the great problems in defining any religious tradition as a cultural group is understanding who defines “truth.” In regard to the epistemology of truth, Manning (2002, p. 9) has stated, In order to analyze the relationship of truth to power, it is necessary to ask some key questions. The questions center around who gets to define the truth, whose truth are they defining, and what effect this has on others who may be either included or marginalized by their definition. Is there only one version of truth, as the [Mormon] hierarchy, for example, insists, or are there many versions of truth, dependent on the vantage point of