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WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT PLAN Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge

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WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT PLAN Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT PLAN Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge Michigan Islands Wilderness I Department of the Interior U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Saginaw, Michigan April 24, 1981 WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT PLAN Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge Michigan Islands Wilderness TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I - Introduction 1 II - Description/Location 1 III - Management 2 IV - Public Use 2 A. General 2 B. Specific Activities 3 C. Public Use Facilities and Improvements 3 D. Historical and Archeological Sites 3 V - Public Health and Safety 4 A. Potential Threats or Hazards 4 B. Search and Rescue 4 VI - Research 4 VII - Other Considerations 4 VIII - Funds and Personnel 4 IX - Plan Currency 5 X - Appendix 6 WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT PLAN Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge Michigan Islands Wilderness - Introduction The Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge presently consists of five islands, three of which have been designated as wilderness areas. The three islands are Shoe, Pismire and Scarecrow, all of which were established as wilderness in 1970 (Law 91-504, Stat. 1104). The fourth island, Gull, which was ceded to the Service and the refuge in 1969 by the U. S. Coast Guard is presently not considered part of the wilderness area. The fifth island, Thunder Bay, was included in the refuge in 1965 under a revocable permit by the U. S. Coast Guard. The Service has secondary juris- diction on 130 acres of the total 168 acres of Thunder Bay. The Coast Guard still retains primary jurisdiction of the island. Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge administers all these islands from Saginaw, Michigan which is located 150 miles from Thunder Bay and Scarecrow and 200+ miles from Gull, Pismire and Shoe. II - Description/Location The three islands comprising the wilderness area (Shoe, Pismire and Scarecrow) are all similar in construction and total only twelve acres in size. Shoe and Pismire are small components of the Beaver Island group of islands in northern Lake Michigan (see Appendix 1). The legal description of Shoe Island is as follows: Charlevoix County, TWNP. Forty (40) North, Range Eight (8) West, Michigan Meridian: Section Thirty-Three (33) Lot One (1). Shoe Island is approximately two acres in size and is composed of sand and gravel on a glacial boulder base. The island itself is part of a large shoal of glacial ridges and boulders in Lake Michigan. The islands maximum elevation is approximately four feet above lake level and is consequently subject to occasional inundation. This factor has rendered the island devoid of vege- tation except for scattered clumps of grasses and pioneer plant species. When emerged, the stone and gravel provided attractive nesting and brood rearing sites for herring gulls, ring-billed gulls, common and Caspien terns. Pismire Island is located nine miles to the southwest of Shoe Island. The legal description of Pismire Island is as follows: Charlevoix County, TWNP. Thirty-nine (39) North, Range Nine (9) West, Michigan Meridian: Section Seventeen (17) Lot One (1). Wilderness Management Plan - page 2 Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge Pismire Island is approximately three acres in size and is com- „ posed of much the same rocky material as is Shoe Island. The island rises ten feet above lake level and supports both tree and shrub life as well as various herbs and grasses. Trees con- sist of elms and a few dead white cedars. Shrubs are abundant and include choke-cherry, elderberry, scattered willow clumps and red osier dogwood. Pismire sustains nearly the same colonial nesting species as Shoe Island and has in addition, nesting mallards and red breasted mergansers. Scarecrow Island is located in Thunder Bay, Lake Huron. It is the largest of the three island wilderness areas comprising seven acres total. The legal description of Scarecrow Island is as follows: Alpena County, TWNP. Twenty-nine (29) North, Range, Nine (9) East Michigan Meridian: Section Fifteen (15) Lot One (1). Scarecrow Island is composed of large glacial boulders and gravel with some soil overlaying the rocky substrate. The island rises to an elevation of fifteen feet above lake level. The better soils on higher elevations support considerable tree growth conducive to nesting great blue herons and double-crested cor- morants. Numerous shrubs and a variety of grasses and herbs provide habitat for many species of passerines. Shallow water basins located on the island are attractive to ducks and shore- birds. Ill - Management There is currently no active management occuring on any of the five islands presently comprising the refuge area. Protection of the area from forces other than natural lake occurrences is the primary management objective. All islands of the Michigan Islands Refuge are posted and available for use on a permit basis for scientific and educational purposes only. Permits will be issued only during those times of the year when distur- bance to nesting and brood rearing activities will be minimized. Visual inspection of islands is conducted yearly via aircraft to determine condition of habitat and refuge signage. IV - Public Use A. General As was previously mentioned, no current or projected unre- stricted public use is anticipated on the wilderness areas Wilderness Management Plan - page 3 Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge or other islands of the Michigan Islands Refuge. The relative small size of the islands and their importance as nesting and brood rearing areas preclude any use other than for educa- tional or research purposes. B. Specific Activities At present (1981) some research is ongoing on some of the islands concerning herring gulls and different species of terns. The biological station on Beaver Island, operated by Central Michigan University has also expressed an interest in using the islands as a research and study area. The small wilderness islands, for reasons expressed earlier, would pro- bably be excluded from human visitation except for research projects. The relative isolation of the islands affords undisturbed habitat for many species in large concentrations at times. Since unrestricted visitation would most probably occur in the April to October months, the months most heavily used by wildlife, a use conflict could be expected to develop. The two larger islands, Gull (230 acres) and Thunder Bay (130 acres) which are not at present in wilderness status, though important as nesting areas for colonial birds might be able to accommodate some regulated public use. Entrance onto either of the larger islands is and will continue to be by permit only. However, some low impact use such as hiking, wildlife observation or photography in addition to research or educational use might be appropriate. C. Public Use Facilities and Improvements At present, there are no public use facilities in existence on any of the islands nor are any planned in the future. Boundary signs have been placed on all islands identifying the areas as refuges or wilderness state. The remoteness and small size of the islands has provided, therefore, more protection than anything refuge personnel could accomplish with enforcement. Access to any island must be by shallow draft boat. Non-motorized craft would be preferable on all areas and mandatory on the wilderness areas. D. Historical and Archeological Sites At present no known historical or archeological sites exist at any wilderness or refuge island. Wilderness Management Plan - page 4 Shlawassee National Wildlife Refuge - Public Health and Safety A. Potential Threats or Hazards Nothing exists on any of the islands that would pose an immediate hazard to anyone. The lakes themselves (Michigan and Huron) in which the wilderness and refuge islands are located can become exceedingly rough rather quickly however. This might be a consideration for travel to and from the islands along with the time of year travel is considered. B. Search and Rescue If assistance were needed for a person or group using an island, Coast Guard help could probably be obtained. The local sheriff of Charlevoix County has an air taxi and rescue service with Beaver Island. There is a doctor on Beaver Island if any emergency or injuries should occur. Coast Guard assistance could also be employed if needed on Thunder Bay or Scarecrow Island. A manned Coast Guard lighthouse is currently in operation on the southern tip of Thunder Bay Island. VI - Research Service research needs of the wilderness islands are at present nonessential. We have obtained data gathered by researchers using the islands for the study of colonial birds species. There is currently an ongoing study being conducted on Gull and Pismire Islands regarding breeding biology (monogamous pairs and polygy- nous groups) of herring gulls. Researchers have submitted de- tailed plant and wildlife surveys in conjunction with this pro- ject. A similar type project on Thunder Bay Islands would provide a welcome addition to our files. VII - Other Considerations Navigational aids currently exist on Gull and Thunder Bay Islands. There are no such structures on wilderness islands. VIII - Funds and Personnel The annual cost to operate and maintain the Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge is generally a very small portion of the Wilderness Management Plan - page 5 Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge refuge budget. Aerial surveys generally determine what if any work must be accomplished. The recurring maintenance is posting of the areas. Vegetation and wildlife inventories will incur a greater cost in addition to posting but overall cost will sel- dom exceed $2,000 per year. If unlawful entry and use of these islands become a problem and increased patrol becomes necessary cost could go as high as $5,000 per year. IX - Plan Currency The Michigan Islands Wilderness Management Plan will be reviewed annually before the yearly visual survey flight. Plan will also be reconsidered when specific research requests are made that may conflict with present plan but would not threaten resources natural integrity. The results of resource inventories could dictate a change in management techniques if they indicate pre- sent wilderness habitat depletion.
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