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Acrocephalus Melanopogon

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Acrocephalus Melanopogon Acrocephalus melanopogon -- (Temminck, 1823) ANIMALIA -- CHORDATA -- AVES -- PASSERIFORMES -- SYLVIIDAE Common names: Moustached Warbler; European Red List Assessment European Red List Status LC -- Least Concern, (IUCN version 3.1) Assessment Information Year published: 2015 Date assessed: 2015-03-31 Assessor(s): BirdLife International Reviewer(s): Symes, A. Compiler(s): Ashpole, J., Burfield, I., Ieronymidou, C., Pople, R., Wheatley, H. & Wright, L. Assessment Rationale European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) In Europe this species has a very large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence 10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). The population trend is not known, but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion (30% decline over ten years or three generations). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern in Europe. Within the EU27 this species has a very large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence 10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). The population trend is not known, but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion (30% decline over ten years or three generations). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern in the EU27. Occurrence Countries/Territories of Occurrence Native: Albania; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; France; Georgia; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Malta; Montenegro; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Switzerland; Turkey; Ukraine; Gibraltar (to UK) Origin Uncertain: Portugal Vagrant: Denmark; Germany; Lithuania; Poland Population The European population is estimated at 76,100-124,000 pairs, which equates to 152,000-249,000 mature individuals. The population in the EU27 is estimated at 15,000-30,200 pairs, which equates to 30,000-60,300 mature individuals. For details of national estimates, see Supplementary PDF. Trend In Europe and the EU27 the population size trend is unknown. For details of national estimates, see Supplementary PDF. Habitats and Ecology This species occupies low aquatic vegetation, especially reedbeds, but also rush stands, sedges, reedmace ( Typha) and others, often with admixture of bushes or tamarisks (Tamarix). Its optimal habitat appears to be old reedbeds containing a high proportion of dead material and a complex lower stratum, with tall reeds above. In addition it is found along lake margins, ditches, beside freshwater and brackish marshes, and in very small reed marshes in steppe zone. In Europe, egg-laying begins in late March and continues to mid-June. The nest is a deep cup, sometimes with a partial roof and is made of loosely woven leaves and stems of aquatic plants, lined with fine plant material and some feathers. It is suspended 30–130 cm above water from several vertical plant stems. Clutches are usually from three to six eggs. The diet is almost entirely small arthropods, especially small beetles but the fruits of cherry (Prunus) and elder (Sambucus) are also taken. The species is sedentary, partially migratory and migratory in Europe (Dyrcz 2006). Habitats & Altitude Habitat (level 1 - level 2) Importance Occurrence Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands major breeding Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands major non-breeding Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools suitable breeding Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools suitable non-breeding Altitude max. 1950 m Occasional altitudinal limits Threats This species is threatened locally by fires caused by humans. Although burnt reedbeds are quickly recolonized, the complex lower stratum that this species favours is lost (Dyrcz 2006). The modification of wetland habitats, water abstraction (Martí del Mora 2003, Madroño et al. 2005) and the mowing and cutting of reeds (Flitti et al. 2009) also pose a risk to this species. Threats & Impacts Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses Natural system Abstraction of Timing Scope Severity Impact modifications surface water Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Low Impact (unknown use) Declines Stresses Ecosystem conversion; Ecosystem degradation Natural system Increase in fire Timing Scope Severity Impact modifications frequency/intensity Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Low Impact Declines Stresses Ecosystem conversion; Ecosystem degradation Natural system Other ecosystem Timing Scope Severity Impact modifications modifications Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Low Impact Declines Stresses Ecosystem conversion; Ecosystem degradation Conservation Conservation Actions Underway CMS Appendix II. Bern Convention Appendix II. EU Birds Directive Annex I. There are currently no known conservation measures for this species. Conservation Actions Proposed The following actions have been proposed for Spanish populations: Measures should be taken maintain the water level of wetlands where this species breeds. In addition these areas should be protected from disturbance, particularly from fire, which should only be used as a means of management under very controlled conditions. Water quality should be maintained and improved and eutrophication avoided and vegetation should be managed to promote diversity. Populations should also be regularly monitored (Madroño et al. 2005). Bibliography Dyrcz, A. 2006. Moustached Warbler (Acrocephalus melanopogon). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. and de Juana, E. (eds.) 2014. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/58792 on 25 March 2015). Flitti, A., Kabouche, B., Kayser, Y., and Olioso, G. 2009. Atlas des oiseaux nicheurs de Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Delachaux et Niestlé. Bibliography Madroño, A., González, C. and Atienza, J.C. (Eds.) 2005. Libro Rojo de las Aves de España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid, 452 pp. Martí, R. and del Moral, J.C. (Eds.) 2003. Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza- Sociedad Española de Ornitología. Madrid, 733 pp. Map (see overleaf) .
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