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Secretaria Nacional De Ciencia Y Tecnologia -Senacyt- Fondo Nacional De Ciencia Y Tecnologia -Fonacyt- Fundacion Defensores De La Naturaleza CONSEJO NACIONAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA -CONCYT- SECRETARIA NACIONAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA -SENACYT- FONDO NACIONAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA -FONACYT- FUNDACION DEFENSORES DE LA NATURALEZA INFORME FINAL DETERMINACIÓN DE LA TALLA DE PRIMERA MADUREZ SEXUAL DE LA Vieja maculicauda (MOJARRA DEL LAGO DE IZABAL) EN EL REFUGIO DE VIDA SILVESTRE BOCAS DEL POLOCHIC Y SU ÁREA DE INFLUENCIA EN EL LAGO DE IZABAL, GUATEMALA. PROYECTO FODECYT No. 63-07 GUATEMALA, ABRIL DE 2013. EQUIPO DE TRABAJO Lic. Hugo Hidalgo Colindres –Investigador Principal- Iris Mejía Maquico –Técnico de Campo- Pedro Jiménez –Técnico de Campo- M. Sc Manuel Ixquiac –Asesor Análisis de datos- M. Sc. Carolina Marroquín –Asesora en Análisis Gonadal y cortes histológicos- AGRADECIMIENTOS: La realización del trabajo fue posible gracias al apoyo financiero del Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, -FONACYT-, otorgado por La Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología -SENACYT- y al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología -CONCYT- OTROS AGRADECIMIENTOS A los grupos de pescadores organizados artesanales de la Asociación de Pescadores de Bocas del Polochic y a los grupos informales que con su apoyo nos brindaron información clave para la consecución de los objetivos de este proyecto. A la Fundación Defensores de la Naturaleza en especial a su oficina de administración del Refugio de Vida Silvestre Bocas del Polochic por su apoyo incondicional Contenido RESUMEN:...................................................................................................................... 2 Sumary.............................................................................................................................. 4 I.1 INTRODUCCIÓN: ..................................................................................................... 6 I.2 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA.............................................................. 7 I.2.1 Antecedentes en Guatemala. .......................................................................... 7 I.2.2 Justificación del trabajo de investigación....................................................... 8 I.3 OBJETIVOS E HIPOTESIS ................................................................................. 8 I.3.1 Objetivos ........................................................................................................ 8 I.3.1.1 General:................................................................................................... 8 I.3.1.2 Específicos .............................................................................................. 8 I.3.2 Hipótesis......................................................................................................... 8 I.4 METODOLOGIA.................................................................................................. 9 I.4.1 Localización ................................................................................................... 9 I.4.2 Clima:............................................................................................................. 9 I.4.3 Descripción de parcelas................................................................................ 10 I.4.4 Las Variables................................................................................................ 12 I.4.4.1 Variables dependientes ......................................................................... 12 I.4.4.2 Variables Independientes...................................................................... 12 I.4.5 Indicadores: Factor de condición, índice gonodosomático ......................... 12 I.4.6 Estrategia Metodológica............................................................................... 12 I.4.6.1 Población y Muestra ............................................................................. 12 I.4.7 El Método..................................................................................................... 13 I.4.8 Biometría...................................................................................................... 14 I.4.9 La Técnica Estadística:................................................................................. 16 I.4.10 Los Equipos e instrumentos a utilizar .......................................................... 16 PARTE II........................................................................................................................ 17 II.1 MARCO TEORICO ................................................................................................ 17 II.1.1 El lago de Izabal........................................................................................... 17 II.1.2 El RVSBP..................................................................................................... 18 II.1.3 Cabecera Municipal de El Estor:.................................................................. 18 II.1.4 Los peces...................................................................................................... 18 II.1.5 La especie objeto de estudio......................................................................... 19 II.1.5.1 Taxonomía: ................................................................................................ 19 II.1.5.2 Distribución: .............................................................................................. 20 II.1.5.3 Tallas máximas: ......................................................................................... 20 II.1.5.4 Coloración:................................................................................................. 20 II.1.5.5 Alimentación:............................................................................................. 20 II.1.5.6 Ecología: .................................................................................................... 21 II.1.5.7 Importancia: ............................................................................................... 21 II.1.5.8 Descripción de la Familia Cichlidae:......................................................... 21 II.1.5.9 Características Morfológicas: .................................................................... 22 II.1.5.10 Caracteres Distintivos de Cichlasoma maculicauda: .............................. 22 II.1.6 Madurez sexual ............................................................................................ 23 II.1.7 Madurez sexual y talla de primera madurez................................................ 23 II.1.8 Talla Mínima de Captura: ............................................................................ 23 II.1.9 El Factor de condición: ................................................................................ 23 II.1.10 Índice gonodosomático:............................................................................ 24 II.1.11 Evaluación de la madurez sexual a partir de cortes histológicos ............. 24 II.1.12 Reglamentación pesquera para el Lago de Izabal .................................... 25 PARTE III ...................................................................................................................... 26 III.1 RESULTADOS: ..................................................................................................... 26 III.1.1 Identificación y Mapeo de zonas de mayor afluencia de pesca en el RVSBP y Lago de Izabal........................................................................................... 26 III.1.2 Una base de datos con la información morfométrica de la Vieja maculicauda... 28 III.1.3 La época de mayor frecuencia de maduración gonadal de la mojarra fue determinada. ............................................................................................................... 41 III.1.4Propuesta Acciones de Manejo para la Vieja maculicauda en RVSBP y zona de influencia en Lago de Izabal................................................................................ 58 III.1.5 Guía Popular de Evaluación Gonadal .......................................................... 60 III.2 Discusión de resultados ....................................................................................... 61 III.2.1 Identificación y mapeo de zonas de mayor afluencia de pesca en el RVSBP y Lago de Izabal. ........................................................................................................... 61 III.2.2 Base de datos................................................................................................ 62 III.2.3 Guía Popular de Evaluación Gonadal. ........................................................ 71 III.2.4 Propuesta de acciones de manejo de la Vieja maculicauda...................... 71 PARTE IV ...................................................................................................................... 73 IV.1 CONCLUSIONES: ................................................................................................ 73 IV.2 RECOMENDACIONES: ...................................................................................... 74 IV.3 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS:.................................................................. 74 IV.4 ANEXOS................................................................................................................ 76 IV.4.1 ANEXO No 1. Boleta de colecta de datos biométricos ................................ 76 IV.4.2 Anexo No. 2 Georeferenciación de parcelas de muestreo............................... 77 PARTE V.......................................................................................................................
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