Volume 5 • 2017 10.1093/conphys/cox062 Toolbox Semen collection and ejaculate characteristics of the Leopard Tortoise (Stigmochelys pardalis) Dawn M. Zimmerman1,* and Mark A. Mitchell2 1Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20013, USA 2Louisiana State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA *Corresponding author: Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20013, USA. Tel: +1-202-633-2857. Email:
[email protected] .............................................................................................................................................................. The preservation of spermatozoa is an important tool used in conservation programs to increase the genetic diversity of threa- tened and endangered species. Although routinely used to manage conservation programs for higher vertebrates, there have been limited attempts to establish reproductive assistance programs for tortoises. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for collecting and characterizing semen in Testudinidae. Semen was collected from 13/16 (81.2%, 95% CI: 62–100) adult male leopard tortoises (Stigmochelys pardalis) via electroejaculation under propofol anesthesia. Semen samples were collected most frequently after the second series of electrostimulations (6/13, 46.1%), with fewer animals producing semen after the first (5/13, 38.5%) or third (2/13, 15.4%) electrostimulations. The average volume of a semen sample in the tortoises was 0.26 ml (standard deviation: 0.16, minimum–maximum: 0.1–0.6), the average spermatozoal concentration was 101.62 × 106/ml, and the average motility at time of collection was 57.3%. A rapid decrease in motility was observed in refrigerated samples over 24 h resulting in a median motility of 0% at 24 h post-collection.