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Reading the Maturation Process in Young Adult Love Narratives Through a Kristevan Lens; and Messy, a Young Adult Novel

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Reading the Maturation Process in Young Adult Love Narratives Through a Kristevan Lens; and Messy, a Young Adult Novel School of Media, Culture and Social Inquiry The Threnodies of Love: Reading the Maturation Process in Young Adult Love Narratives through a Kristevan Lens; and Messy, a Young Adult Novel Kerstin Maria Kugler This thesis is presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Curtin University August 2019 Declaration To the best of my knowledge and belief this thesis contains no material previously published by any other person except where due acknowledgment has been made. This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. Signature: ………………………………… Date: ……8-08-2019.……………… Acknowledgments I cannot thank enough my two supervisors, Dr Jo Jones and Dr David Whish-Wilson, whose continuous support and advice gave this project direction, structure and clarity. I am also grateful to Katie Connolly, whose proofreading expertise was much needed and greatly appreciated. I am especially grateful to Prof. Tim Dolin, who provided me with valuable feedback in the early stages of my thesis. I presented parts of the Introduction and Chapter Three at the 2017 AAWP annual conference and have to thank the editors Patrick Allington, Piri Eddy and Melanie Pryor for inviting me to publish my research in the TEXT Special Issues Series. I owe my deepest thanks to my husband and children, who gave up so generously so much of our shared time to allow me to devote myself to a project that seemed so frequently beyond rescue. Their support and love guided me through many dark moments. This thesis was funded by the APA/CUPS scholarship, for which I am grateful. Abstract This thesis seeks to make a meaningful contribution to the high-quality literary output of young adult literature, thereby addressing the neglect of its critical study by academia. Drawing on the work of Julia Kristeva and other post-structuralist theorists who extend traditional representations of themes commonly associated with young adult literature, namely the construction of identity, growth and maturation, this thesis is intimately linked to Kristeva’s theory on the construction of subjectivity within love relationships. Consisting of two parts, this thesis comprises an exegesis and accompanying young adult novel. At the heart of its creative component, titled Messy, lies a story about love, expectations and the power of forgiveness. The novel’s protagonist is a determined Year Seven student with dreams of becoming a celebrated chef like her idol, TV celebrity Jackie Park. Cooking is her passion, helping her through the dark moments of her life, which revolve around her mother’s crippling hoarding disorder, her father’s failing relationship with his second wife Immy, and the strain of keeping her mother’s hoarding a secret from her friends, resulting in a mounting feeling of loneliness. Although the protagonist fails in her endeavours to make it into the finals of a cooking competition, the pain of the experience enables her to understand herself as a Kristevan subject-in-process, a complex, multifaceted person whose subjectivity is constructed and renewed in a dialogic interrelationship with her world, thus freeing her from the expectations she places on herself. In its exegesis, four young adult novels are read through a Kristevan lens, whose critical investigation of changing subjectivities and psychoanalytic identity processes in love relationships is the key conceptual and symbolic underpinning of this thesis. The four selected young adult novels depict romantic love (Sonya Hartnett’s The Ghost’s Child and Meg Rosoff’s How I Live Now), love in a mother-daughter relationship (Deborah Ellis’ Looking for X) and Christian agape in the context of hope and faith (Matthew Quick’s Sorta Like a Rock Star). Together, the four young adult novels discussed in the exegesis and my related novel illuminate different paths of an adolescent’s journey that culminates in their coming into fuller subjectivity. Their conflicts are solved by the protagonists’ renewed understanding of their own subjectivity in a dialogic relationship with the other, thereby troubling any assumptions of achieving a mature and essentially fixed self. Contents Introduction: Contextualising a Kristevan Approach to Adolescent Literature ......... 1 Part One: Love Stories, Couple Love ................................................................ 13 Chapter One: How I Live Now ..................................................................... 18 Revolt and Exile ...................................................................................... 20 The Ideal Lovers as Pre-symbolic Unit ...................................................... 22 Abjection and Love as Cure ...................................................................... 25 Chapter Two: The Ghost’s Child .................................................................. 29 Love: A Quest for the Most Beautiful Thing in the World ........................... 31 The Impossible Couple ............................................................................ 33 Alienation and Self-knowledge Through Love ............................................ 35 Maddy’s Maturation as a Subject-in-process .............................................. 38 Part Two: A Disadvantaged Reality .................................................................. 41 Chapter Three: Faith, Love and Hope in Matthew Quick’s Sorta Like a Rock Star ................................................................................................................. 42 Christian Love and Hope: Agape and Love-thy-neighbour ........................... 44 Love and Hope as Identity ........................................................................ 47 Chapter Four: A Dolphin Among a Sea of Dolphins. Looking for X ................. 52 Fighting the Symbolic .............................................................................. 54 The Supreme Being ................................................................................. 60 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 63 References ...................................................................................................... 68 Messy ............................................................................................................ 73 Introduction: Contextualising a Kristevan Approach to Adolescent Literature [T]he true ‘site’ of the subject is the very dialectic between dissemination and reconstruction (Minow-Pinkney, Virginia Woolf: ‘Seen from a foreign Land’, 164). This exegesis and my connected young adult novel seek to make a meaningful contribution to the fast-growing field of young adult literature. It is a literary field of considerable popularity and influence, yet, as a select few critics have commented, it continues to be neglected by academia (Hollindale 1995; Hunt 1996; Westwater 2000; Coats 2001; Clark 2003; Stevenson 2011). This neglect endures in the face of the persistently high-quality literary output of many world-renowned writers in this field. In the past two decades, several book-length, post-structuralist approaches have made a vital contribution to the critical study of young adult literature in response to this gap (Rose 1984; McCallum 1999; Westwater 2000; Trites 2000, 2014; Coats 2004). These critical contributions have illuminated themes commonly associated with young adult literature, namely identity construction, growth and maturity (McCallum 1999, 2011; Trites 2000, 2014; Westwater 2000; Cadden 2011; Coats 2004, 2011; Stephens 2011). My own critical position within this field draws on this material that extends traditional representations of identity construction and maturity, most commonly termed a coming-of-age in young adult literature. Among other things, this exegesis is a call for a more vigorous engagement with the valuable and original contributions that expand the genre of mainstream young adult fiction. It seeks to make a vital contribution by including Julia Kristeva’s theory on the construction of subjectivity within love relationships, which the novels discussed in this exegesis demonstrate. Kristeva refers to herself as a “creature of the crossroads” (Kristeva 2000: 113) – a central location between psychoanalysis, feminism, post-structuralism and semantics – and her theoretical concepts are uniquely suited for a critical study of adolescent literature, itself a creature of the crossroads situated between children’s and adult literature with “its own constellation of concerns that mark it as distinctive from literature for either children or adults” (Coats 2011: 317). Kristeva’s concepts shed critical light on the themes commonly explored in young adult literature, such as agency, maturation and the construction of identity. Mike Cadden speaks of a tension 1 in young adult literature “between the desire to create a romantic figure in search of self and of depicting society as the inscriber of the adolescent self” (Cadden 2011: 310). Roberta Seelinger Trites argues that the “questioning of social institutions and how they construct individuals”, which has become a significant characteristic of young adult literature, is the result of authors exploring “what it means if we define people as socially constructed subjects rather than as self-contained individuals bound by their identities” (Trites 2000: 16). All theorists attest to the importance of the young adult in continual negotiation of individual subjectivity in complex
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