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Crewe Green Link Road (South)

Reptile Survey Report

September 2012

B1772401/OD/037

Originated by Checked by Reviewed by Approved by

ORIGINAL NAME NAME NAME NAME Nathan Wood Saffra Wright Saffra Wright Rosie Simon DATE INITIALS NW INITIALS SW INITIALS SW INITIALS RS September Document Status Draft 2012

REVISION NAME NAME NAME NAME

DATE INITIALS INITIALS INITIALS INITIALS Document Status

REVISION NAME NAME NAME NAME

DATE INITIALS INITIALS INITIALS INITIALS Document Status

REVISION NAME NAME NAME NAME

DATE INITIALS INITIALS INITIALS INITIALS Document Status

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Contents

Executive Summary 1

1 Introduction 3 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Limitations 4

2 Methodology 5 2.1 Desk Study 5 2.2 Field Survey 5 2.2.1 Presence/Absence Survey 5 2.2.2 Population Size Class Estimate 6

3 Results 7 3.1 Desk Study 7 3.2 Field Survey 7 3.2.1 Presence/Absence Surveys 7 3.2.2 Population Size Class Estimate 8 3.3 Evaluation 8

4 Conclusion 9

5 References 11

Appendix A Reptile Information 13 Summary of Biology and Habitat Requirements 13 Nature Conservation Status 14 Legislation and Policy Framework 14

Appendix B Reptile Survey Results 17

Appendix C Photographs 21

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Executive Summary

This report presents the findings of a reptile survey undertaken by Jacobs UK Ltd. (Jacobs) on behalf of Cheshire East Council (CEC) as part of the Crewe Green Link Road (South) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) which will be reported in the Environmental Statement for the scheme.

Areas of suitable reptile habitat were identified and subject to presence/absence surveys and visual encounter surveys along transects and three groups of artificial refuges.

Slow worm was recorded on site utilising the edge of the woodland habitat along the railway line and Gresty Brook to the north. Slow worm was assessed as having a good population on site. No other reptiles were recorded in the survey area.

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1 Introduction

1.1 Background

Jacobs UK Ltd. (Jacobs) has been appointed to undertake an environmental impact assessment (EIA) on behalf of Cheshire East Council (CEC) for the development of a new link road between the A5020 Western Gate roundabout (Grid Reference SJ72295369) and the A500 (Grid Reference SJ72645279), located to the south east of Crewe. This link road is known as ‘Crewe Green Link Road South’, which will be referred to as ‘the Scheme’ throughout the report. The EIA is reported in the Environmental Statement for the scheme.

CEC previously undertook an environmental assessment of this link road, which was reported in the Planning and Environmental Statement that supported the planning application submitted in June 2011. Planning permission was granted in October 2011. This planning application did not include the areas required for the borrow pit, flood compensation area, soil storage area and temporary site compounds. CEC is now undertaking an environmental assessment of the whole road scheme including these additional areas, which will support a new planning application.

This report has been prepared to present the results of a reptile survey conducted by Jacobs’ ecologists to inform the EIA for the planning application of the Scheme.

The site was previously surveyed in 2001 and 2008 (7 visits in August) by TEP. No reptiles were found during this survey. Ten tiles used in the previous TEP survey were located along Gresty Brook, three slow worm (Anguis fragilis) were found under these tins on 3rd May 2012 during a Jacobs’ water vole survey for the development.

The objectives of this survey were to determine the presence or absence of reptiles (slow worm) in the survey area and to estimate a population size for species that were recorded. The survey area is defined as all areas of semi-natural habitat within a minimum of 500m of the proposed link road. The location of the site and the survey area is shown on Figure 1.

All native reptile species have some degree of protection in the UK, through section 9(1) and (5) (specified in Schedule 5) of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). There are two different levels of protection afforded to reptiles through this legislation according to species:

• Full protection: Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) and smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) are afforded protection under The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (are species of European importance) and are fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and the CRoW Act (2000).

• Protection against killing, injury or trade: This level of protection under section 9 (parts 1 and 5) applies to the four widespread species of reptile, namely the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), slow-worm, grass snake (Natrix natrix) and adder (Viper berus).

Further details regarding the biology and habitat requirements, nature conservation status, legislation and policy framework for reptiles is summarised in Appendix A.

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1.2 Limitations

Two tiles in Group 1 (on the east bank of Basford Brook) were removed by an unknown party between visit 2 and 3. These were not replaced as it was considered likely that they would be subject to further disturbance. Before visit 6, the set of tiles along the railway embankment (Group 2) were disturbed by cattle. Tiles that were moved from their original position into unsuitable locations were placed over the fence along the railway line and were not subject to further survey.

Due to the late discovery of reptiles on site some surveys were conducted during June and July which are not considered optimal for reptile surveys. However, reptiles will still use tiles in these months and surveys were carried out within suitable climatic conditions up to and including September.

The findings of this report represent the professional opinion of qualified ecologists and do not constitute professional legal advice. The client may wish to seek professional legal interpretation of the relevant wildlife legislation cited in this document.

The survey constraints described above are not considered to be significant limitations to the survey findings.

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2 Methodology

2.1 Desk Study

The desk study involved reviewing existing reptile data and results from previous surveys by TEP who undertook seven visits across the site in August 2008 (reported in the Environmental Statement, TEP 2011).

A search of National Biodiversity Network website (www.data.nbn.org.uk) was undertaken during the scoping stage of the project to gather information on the protected species that may be present in the survey area.

Information was sought from the local biological recording centre for Cheshire: rECOrd. The centre was contacted and asked to provide records of species within 2km of the survey area.

2.2 Field Survey

2.2.1 Presence/Absence Survey

Suitable habitat for reptiles was identified in the survey area. Suitable habitat included south facing embankments, sites near existing potential refuges such as log-piles and areas with a heterogeneous habitat structure comprising areas of dense vegetation giving cover and open basking sites. Thirty five artificial refuges (corrugated iron tiles and carpet tiles) were placed in three main areas that would be affected by the proposed scheme (Figure 1):

• Group 1: eight tiles along Basford Brook where the western arm of the proposed single carriageway crosses the brook; • Group 2: seventeen tiles along the Crewe to Derby railway line embankment with some tiles in the marsh area nearer the brook; and • Group 3: a set of ten tiles along the stretch of Gresty Brook to the north of the survey area that were used to survey the area previously by TEP.

The tiles were laid out on the 2nd and 3rd May 2012 and allowed two weeks to ‘bed- in’. Seven survey visits were undertaken during suitable conditions for reptile survey between May 2012 and September 2012 inclusive.

The survey was undertaken in accordance with best practice (Froglife 1999; Foster and Gent, 1996; Gent and Gibson, 2003). The following guidelines were observed:

• multiple visits over non-consecutive days within the active reptile season (March to October with peak survey months being April, May and September) were made; • two survey methods were used - Visual encounter surveys (VES) using direct observation along transects in suitable habitats - woodland edge, swamp habitat - and artificial refugia surveys (ARS); • refuges were removed at the end of the survey; • any reptiles found on or under the surface of any survey tiles or surrounding basking areas were identified, counted and aged where possible, and • surveys were undertaken during appropriate weather conditions (temperatures between 9°C and 18°C, low wind and no precipitation) and

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peak times during the day for reptile activity (between 08:30 to 11:00 and 16:00 to 18:30).

2.2.2 Population Size Class Estimate

Table 1 shows an evaluation of common reptile population size and importance of reptile sites (Froglife, 1999). It allows a site to be classified by its relative size of reptile populations on the basis of survey counts and gives an objective evaluation of the importance of the reptiles recorded.

Table 1 Population and site assessment (Figures in table refer to the maximum number of adults seen by direct observation or by ARS by one person in one day) (Froglife 1999).

Common Species Low population Good Population Exceptional population Adder <5 5 – 10 >10 Grass snake <5 5 – 10 >10 Common lizard <5 5 – 20 >20 Slow-worm <5 5 – 20 >20

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3 Results

3.1 Desk Study

According to the corresponding Local Biodiversity Action Plans, there have only been four records of slow-worm and five records of adders (Vipera berus) in Cheshire since 1995 (Cheshire Region Biodiversity Partnership 2008).

One record of a grass snake was provided by rECOrd. It was recorded in 2009 and was located within 2km of the survey area south west of the site in Shavington cum Gresty.

No reptiles were recorded during the 2001 or 2008 surveys of the site undertaken by TEP.

3.2 Field Survey

3.2.1 Presence/Absence Surveys

Surveys were undertaken during suitable weather conditions, with temperatures ranging between 9°C and 18°C.

Slow worm was recorded using the refuges in Group 2 and Group 3 (the two groups near to the railway line) on every visit with a peak count of five in Group 2. Slow worm was not recorded in Group 1 which is further south and on the banks of Basford Brook. No evidence of any other species of reptile was recorded. A summary of results of the reptile survey is shown in Table 2 and full results are presented in Appendix B.

Table 2 Summary of reptile survey results Number Date of Location Central grid Species Quantity of visit survey reference 1 17 May 12 Group 1 SJ 72266, 53167 Nil - Group 2 SJ 72278, 53553 Slow worm 5 Group 3 SJ 71947, 53622 Slow worm 3 2 22 May 12 Group 1 SJ 72266, 53167 Nil -

Group 2 SJ 72278, 53553 Slow worm 4

Group 3 SJ 71947, 53622 Slow worm 4

3 24 May 12 Group 1 SJ 72266, 53167 Common toad 2 Group 2 SJ 72278, 53553 Slow worm 5 Common toad 1 Common frog 1 Group 3 SJ 71947, 53622 Slow worm 1 4 30 May 12 Group 1 SJ 72304, 53374 Nil - Group 2 SJ 72278, 53553 Slow worm 3 Group 3 SJ 71947, 53622 Slow worm 2 Common toad 2 5 14 June 12 Group 1 SJ 72266, 53167 Nil - Group 2 SJ 72278, 53553 Slow worm 1 Common toad 2 Group 3 SJ 71947, 53622 Slow worm 3

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Common toad 1 6 05 June 12 Group 1 SJ 72266, 53167 Nil - Group 2 SJ 72278, 53553 Slow worm 4 Common toad 1 Common 1 shrew Group 3 SJ 71947, 53622 Wood mouse 2 7 20 Sept 12 Group 1 SJ 72266, 53167 Nil - Group 2 SJ 72278, 53553 Nil - Group 3 SJ 71947, 53622 Nil -

Whilst walking the transect for Group 3 two slow worm were spotted: one on 14th June 2012 and another basking on vegetation on 5th July 2012.

Additional incidental slow worm sightings occurred on 3rd May 2012 when three slow worm were recorded under a tile in Group 3 during a water vole survey of Gresty Brook.

3.2.2 Population Size Class Estimate

The maximum number of slow worms was eight, recorded on 17th May and 22nd May. Using Table 1 the slow worm population on the site has been assessed as a good population of reptiles.

The greatest number of slow worm was recorded under refuges along the railway embankment in Group 2 (5 slow worm recorded on 17th May and 24th May 2012). The habitat in this location is recorded as semi natural broad leaved woodland in the Phase 1 Habitat Survey in the Environmental Scoping Report (Jacobs 2012). Slow worm were recorded in areas of grass and scrub within this area (Photographs in Appendix C).

All other reptile species were assessed as likely to be currently absent.

3.3 Evaluation

On the basis of desk study information and field survey results the ‘good’ population of slow worm recorded is assessed as being of district (Unitary Authority of Cheshire East) nature conservation value.

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4 Conclusion

Suitable habitats were assessed for the presence/absence of reptiles in the survey area. Slow worm were recorded associated with the Crewe-Derby railway line embankment in the north of the site. The numbers of slow worm recorded represent a good population according to current guidelines (Froglife, 1999).

Slow worm are statutorily protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as amended. Their presence on site will be a material consideration for the local planning authority. This report has been used to inform the EIA and develop an appropriate mitigation strategy, which is presented in the Environmental Statement for the scheme.

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5 References

Cheshire Region Biodiversity Partnership Slow Worm webpage (2008). http://www.cheshire-biodiversity.org.uk/action-plans/listing.php?id=38 (Accessed 09 July 2012).

Foster, J. & Gent, T. (1996). Reptile Survey Methods. English Nature.

Froglife (1999). Reptile survey: An introduction to planning, conducting and interpreting surveys for snake and lizard conservation. Froglife Advice Sheet 10, Froglife, Halesworth.

Gent, T. & Gibson, S. (2003). Herpetofauna Workers Manual. JNCC, Peterborough.

H.M.S.O (1981). Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). H.M.S.O, London.

H.M.S.O. (2000). Countryside & Rights of Way Act 2000. H.M.S.O., London.

Jacobs (2012). Crewe Green Link Road (South) Environmental Scoping Report. Jacobs.

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2004). Common Standards Monitoring Guidance for Reptiles and Amphibians, Version February 2004. JNCC, Peterborough.

TEP (2011). Crewe Green Link South Planning and Environmental Statement. TEP.

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Appendix A Reptile Information

Summary of Biology and Habitat Requirements

Reptiles do not generate their own body heat internally (ectothermic) and instead gain warmth via the sun and surrounding objects (poikilothermic). This in turn produces behavioural dependencies such as basking in suitable glades (south facing banks) on and around suitable objects like logs and rocks. Once sufficiently warm they will have gained the energy to forage, digest meals and search for mates. When days are too cold to bask, the reptiles will remain hidden until the weather is favourable.

Hibernation through the winter months occurs in all six species, usually from October until March. After emerging from hibernation, courtship and breeding takes place typically April-May, Due to the lower average temperatures throughout Britain compared to the tropics reptiles, with the exception of the grass snake and the sand lizard, are ovoviviparous. This means that live young are birthed rather than eggs being laid. They will use their bodies as moving incubation units, seeking out warm and cooler micro habitats to gain or lose heat during incubation.

As a result of their oviparous nature grass snakes search out rotting piles of vegetation to lay their eggs and sand lizards lay their eggs in shallow burrows with a sunny aspect in sandy patches amongst heathland vegetation. The heat generated within these piles and sand patches will incubate the eggs and give a gradient of heat to produce different sexes. The young of all species hatch or are born towards the end of August/early September.

The general diet of lizard species consists of small invertebrates including slugs, crickets, spiders etc. Snake species have a diet consisting of other vertebrates such as small mammals, amphibians and small lizards.

Reptiles will use a varying range of habitats that can include coarse grassland, wet and dry heath, scrub, woodland and wetland habitats. Grass snakes prefer wet grassland areas. However, it is not uncommon to find reptiles close to or within urban habitats including gardens. The home ranges and ranges of movement to and from hibernation sites are linked and vary with age and with habitat structure and suitability. Gent and Gibson (2003) give further details on habitat requirements for each reptile species.

For a habitat to be considered suitable for reptiles, several features (linked to reptile biological requirements) have to be present (JNCC, 2004), these include:

• open areas for basking sites in close proximity to a diversity of vegetation that provide an assortment of micro-climates with which they can regulate their body temperature; • night-time refuges; • foraging areas where they can hunt vertebrate and invertebrate prey items successfully; • ground vegetation cover to provide daytime refuges, feeding sites and dispersal routes; • hibernation sites, such as dense scrub, logs, rocks, rock fissures, disused mammal burrows and subterranean structures, and

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• egg laying sites such as rotting piles of vegetation for grass snakes, and sunny, sandy patches for the sand lizard.

Nature Conservation Status

Throughout Great Britain there are six native species of reptile. These comprise three lizard species;

• Common lizard (Zootoca vivipara); • Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis); • Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis); and three snake species;

• Smooth snake (Coronella austriaca); • Grass snake (Natrix natrix); • Adder (Vipera berus).

The distribution of common lizard, adder, and slow-worm is broad in Great Britain, with populations throughout Wales, Scotland and England, in a wide range of habitats. The adder has been recorded at five sites in Cheshire since 1995. It is considered to be of rare occurrence in the county. Currently there have only been four records of slow worm in the Cheshire region since 1995.

Grass snake is typically absent from most of Scotland but is widely distributed across England and Wales. Despite being widely distributed the population density is low and there is significant population separation by areas of unsuitable habitat.

Sand lizards have a highly restricted distribution in sandy lowland heath with around 80% of populations in Dorset, with some substantial sites in Hampshire, Surrey, the Sefton coast, and smaller populations in Kent, West Sussex, Devon, Cornwall and North Wales. Due to its limited distribution it was considered highly unlikely that sand lizard would be recorded during this survey.

Smooth snake has a narrower distribution. The majority of populations are within lowland heath scattered around Dorset and Hampshire, with smaller populations in Surrey, West Sussex and Berkshire Due to its limited distribution it was considered highly unlikely that smooth snake would be recorded during this survey.

Populations of reptiles have declined due to a number of factors including: changes in agricultural practices, forestry planting, natural succession, unsuitable habitat management, development, urbanisation and recreational pressures which can alter, fragment and destroy reptile habitat.

The loss of linear features has exacerbated the effects of reptile habitat loss and habitat fragmentation. Reptiles are poor colonisers, being unable to traverse unsuitable terrain.

Legislation and Policy Framework

All native reptile species have some degree of protection in the UK, through section 9(1) and (5) (specified in Schedule 5) of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). There are two different levels of protection afforded to reptiles through this legislation according to species and this is described in more detail below.

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Full Protection

Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) and smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) are afforded protection under The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (are species of European importance) and are fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and the CRoW Act (2000). The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 implements the European Union’s ‘Habitats Directive’ (Council Directive 92/43/EEC (a) on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora) in Great Britain. The relevant sections of this legislation make it an offence to:

• intentionally kill, injure or capture or take a reptile; • possess or control (live or dead animal, part or derivative); • deliberately (intentionally) or recklessly damage, destroy or obstruct access to a breeding site or any structure or place used for shelter or protection by a reptile; • deliberately (intentionally) or recklessly disturb whilst the reptile is occupying such a structure or place; and • sell, offer for sale, possess or transport for the purpose of sale (live or dead animal, part or derivative).

Sand lizard and smooth snake are both UK BAP priority species.

Protection against killing, injuring and trade

This level of protection under section 9 (parts 1 and 5) applies to the four widespread species of reptile, namely the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), slow- worm (Anguis fragilis), grass snake (Natrix natrix) and adder (Viper berus). Only part of sub-section 9(1) applies, which make it an offence to:

• intentionally kill or injure, and • sell, offer for sale, possess or transport for the purpose of sale (live or dead animal, part or derivative).

All native reptile species are UK BAP priority species. The Local Biodiversity Action Plan for the Cheshire region has a species action plan for slow worm and adder. For slow worm the aims of the plan are to “establish the current distribution of slow- worms in the Cheshire region and promote slow-worm conservation across the county”. For adders the aim of the plan is to “conserve the Adder across the region of Cheshire”.

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Appendix B Reptile Survey Results

Species Recorded Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 3 Visit 4 Visit 5 Visit 6 Visit 7 Tile Grid Group 17/05/12 22/05/12 24/05/12 30/05/12 14/06/12 05/07/12 20/09/12 Number reference Rhonda Ridley Simon Holden Rhonda Ridley Rhonda Ridley Rhonda Ridley Rhonda Ridley Rhonda Ridley Simon Holden Paul Moody Nathan Wood Nathan Wood Nathan Wood Nathan Wood Nathan Wood SJ 72303, 1 Nil Nil - - - Nil Nil 53222 SJ 7286, 2 common 2 Nil Nil - - - - 53200 toad SJ 72260, 3 Nil Nil - - - Nil Nil 53164 SJ 72280, 4 Nil Nil - - - - - 1 53158 SJ 72266, 5 Nil Nil - - - - - 53132 SJ 72247, 6 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53142 SJ 72244, 7 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53125 SJ 72242, 8 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53109 2 SJ 72182, 1 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil - - 53562 1 common SJ 72202, frog 2 Nil Nil Nil Nil - - 53555 1 common toad SJ 72225, 3 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil - - 53546 1 slow worm SJ 72279, 4 Nil 2 slow worm 1 slow worm 1 slow worm Nil 1 common Nil 53552 toad SJ 72293, 5 1 slow worm 2 slow worm 1 slow worm Nil Nil 2 slow worm Nil 53547

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Highways 1 slow worm SJ 72310, 6 1 slow worm Nil 1 slow worm 1 slow worm 2 common - - 53541 toad (juvenile) SJ 72324, 7 2 slow worm Nil 2 slow worm 1 slow worm Nil 1 slow worm Nil 53538 SJ 72339, 8 1 slow worm Nil Nil Nil Nil - - 53531 SJ 72346, 9 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53525 SJ 72360, 10 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil - - 53522 SJ 72368, 11 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53518 SJ 72386, 12 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53512 SJ 72397, 13 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53507 SJ 72412, 1 common 14 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53500 shrew SJ 72431, 15 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil - - 53499 SJ 72475, 16 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil - - 53477 SJ 72432, 17 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53474 3 SJ 71880, 1 Nil 3 slow worm Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53642 SJ 71890, 2 3 slow worm 1 slow worm 1 slow worm 1 slow worm 1 slow worm Nil Nil 53637 SJ 71901, 3 Nil Nil Nil 1 slow worm 1 slow worm Nil Nil 53635 SJ 71910, 4 Nil Nil Nil Nil 1 slow worm Nil Nil 53630 SJ 71921, 5 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 1 wood mouse Nil 53624 SJ 71931, 6 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53623 7 SJ 71959, Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

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Highways 53622 SJ 71981, 2 common 1 common 8 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53622 toad toad (juvenile) SJ 71991, 9 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 53622 SJ 72011, 10 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 1 wood mouse Nil 53623 4 slow worm 6 slow worm 1 common 3 common 5 slow worm 4 slow worm toad Total Count per visit 8 slow worm 8 slow worm toad 2 common 3 common None 2 wood mice 1 common toad toad 1 common frog shrew

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Appendix C Photographs

Plate 1 Suitable reptile habitat along railway embankment

Plate 2 Suitable reptile habitat along railway embankment

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Figure

Figure 1 - Reptile Survey

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