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Vol 11(3).Pdf ENVIS Newsletter on wetland ecosystems including inland wetlands Sarovar Saurabh Vol.11(3), 2015 ISSN: 0972-3153 Editor in Chief Dr. P.A. Azeez Director - SACON & ENVIS Head Contents ENVIS and Editorial Team 1. Birds of the Vellode Bird Sanctuary pg. 1-5 Dr. Goldin Quadros - ENVIS Co-ordinator Dr. B. Hemambika 2. Distribution of Avian Fauna along the Western Ghats Ms. A. Julffia Begam (Kolhapur); a basic GIS approach pg. 6-9 Mr. A. Srinivasan 3. Newspaper Article pg. 10 Layout & Design Ms. A. Julffia Begam Published by Environmental Information System (ENVIS) Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON), Views expressed in the articles of this newsletter are of Anaikatty (P.O.), Coimbatore-641108, the authors only. Tamil Nadu, India. Sponsored by Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Government of India, New Delhi. From the Editors desk For time immemorial, Wetlands have provided sustenance to humans, not to talk about a large array of other life forms. Conservation of these singular ecosystems is crucial for welfare and long-term sustenance of humans. Recognizing the importance of such aquatic ecosystems, the government of India has identified several aquatic ecosystems for enhanced protection. Recently the government has declared Thane creek near Mumbai in Maharashtra as a flamingo sanctuary. The creek, despite being located amidst perhaps the most happening metropolis in the country, has over 200 species of birds - an excellent model to explore the changes in the system against intense urbanization. SACON has recently taken up a study on the creek supported by the Mangrove Cell, Mumbai. The study, apart from documenting the changes, possibly would bring out information on species adaptions and avoidances. The ENVIS team here has been putting in efforts to bring out diverse issues relating to wetlands and they are receiving support from different sectors in bringing to light the little known concerns or facts on wetlands. In this edition of ENVIS Newsletter, we bring to you articles on birds and their adaptations around some other wetlands. We are grateful to our reviewers for their time spent on the articles. We are happy with the large number of queries and website visits that keeps us motivated in popularizing uniqueness of the wetlands and the need for their conservation. We solicit your views and news; that would certainly encourage us to improve. P A Azeez Birds of the Vellode Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu P. Balasubramanian*, S. Silambarasan and P. Manikandan Division of Landscape Ecology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty PO, Coimbatore 641 108 Abstract thrive in the waterlogged areas. Profuse growth of A study was conducted at Vellode Bird Sanctuary in Erode Prosopis juliflora is seen all along the bunds. The Sanctuary District of Tamil Nadu to assess the avifaunal diversity. A forms an ideal habitat for the birds, because of the total of 98 bird species belonging to 84 genera, 47 families availability of abundant food (benthos and fish) in the tank and 16 orders were recorded during the study which and in the neighbouring agricultural fields and plenty of trees for perching and nesting. The temperature ranges include 59 species of land birds and 39 species of water o o birds. Among the birds, family Ardeidae (herons and from maximum of 38 C in summer to a minimum of 19 C egrets) dominated with eight species. Cattle Egret in the winter. The sanctuary receives rainfall from the (1885.25±1067.59) followed by Spot-billed Duck Northeast monsoon between September and December. ( 1 7 4 0 . 2 5 ± 7 1 2 . 0 1 9 ) a n d L i t t l e C o r m o r a n t The Sanctuary is visited by large number of resident and (1665.75±907.624) were found to be the most abundant migratory bird species. species in the sanctuary. Total number of species recorded Methodology was 111, with the addition of 13 species during a later visit The study was carried out from February to May 2014. to the Sanctuary. Total count method was used to census the birds (Bibby et Introduction al., 1992). Twice in a week, census was carried during Wetlands of tropical and subtropical areas are considered morning hours (6-8 hrs). Observations were carried out to be rich centres of avifauna which are under immense with the aid of 8 x 40 binoculars. The birds were identified human pressure on the maintenance and protection of by their characteristic features in accordance with standard biodiversity (Kumar, 2003). Water birds are an important identification manuals and field guides Ali & Ripley (1983), component of the wetland ecosystems as they occupy Grimmet, et al., (1999) and Ali (2002). Bird species nesting several trophic levels in the food web of wetland nutrient during the study period were noted. After the completion cycles (Custer and Osborne, 1977). In Tamil Nadu, 13 of the study, 13 more bird species were recorded during a sanctuaries have been created exclusively for the visit and included in Table 2. conservation of birds. These bird sanctuaries harbour Results and Discussion hundreds of bird species which use them as roosting, During the study period, a total of 98 bird species foraging and nesting ground (Abhisheka et al., 2013; belonging to 84 genera, 47 families and 16 orders were Gokula, 2013; Gupta et al., 2011; Johnson, 1971; Johnson, recorded (Table 1). Of these, terrestrial birds were 2000; Krishnan, 1993; Kumar, 1980; Ramamurthy and represented by 59 species of 54 genera and 34 families and Rajakumar 2014; Raj et al., 2010; Santharaman and Menon, water birds constituted 39 species of 30 genera and 13 1990). The bird species diversity and abundance of the families. Out of the 47 families, Ardeidae (8 species- Vellode Bird Sanctuary has been least studied. Hence, to herons & egrets) constituted the most dominant family. assess the avifaunal diversity and abundance of this lesser Of the total 98 bird species, 81 were residents, and 19 known Sanctuary, the present study was carried out. migrants. Cattle Egret (1885.25±1067.59) followed by Study Area Spot-billed Duck (1740.25±712.019) and Little The study was carried out in Vellode Bird Sanctuary Cormorant (1665.75±907.624) were found to be the most (11o14'03.84” N and 76o39'31.09” E), Erode District of abundant species in the sanctuary (Table 1). Other Tamil Nadu which extends to an area of 77.18 ha. It is abundantly occurring water birds include Common Coot, located about 12km from Erode city. The Sanctuary is a Black-crowned Night Heron and Little Egret. Rosy storage tank which was planted with Acacia nilotica trees. Starling, a migratory terrestrial bird species was also seen Although Singapore Cherry, Muntingia calabura is also in large numbers. found along the edges of the water, they are unable to SACON ENVIS Newsletter - Sarovar Saurabh Vol.11(3), 2015. ISSN: 0972-3153 1 Feeding IUCN Migrant S. No Bird Name Scientific Name Guild status Mean±SE Status S. No Bird Name Scientific Name Feeding Guild IUCN status Mean±SE Migrant Status ANSERIFORMS ANSERIFORMS 1 Podicipetidae Tachybaptus ruficollis P LC 228.75±102.58 R Little Grebe 1 Podicipetidae Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis P LC 228.75±102.58 R Anatidae 2 Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha P LC 1740.25±712.02 RM 2 Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha P LC 1740.25±712.02 RM 3 Anatidae Northern Shoveller Anas clypeata P LC 162.666±92.85 WM S. No Bird Name Scientific3 Nor Namethern Shoveller FeedingAnas Guild clypeata IUCN status PMean±SE LC 162.666±92.85Migrant Status WM ANSERIFORMS 4 Garganey Anas querquedula P LC 94±61 WM 4 Garganey Anas querquedula P LC 94±61 WM PELECANIFORMES Podicipetidae Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis PELECANIFORMES P LC 228.75±102.58 R Pelecanidae 5 Pelecanidae Pelecanus philippensis P NT 654.5±316.13 WM 5 Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis P NT 654.5±316.13 WM Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha P LC 1740.25±712.02 RM SULIFORMES Spot-billed Pelican SULIFORMES Anatidae Northern Shoveller Anas clypeata P LC 162.666±92.85 WM 6 Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger P LC 1665.75±907.62 R 6 Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax niger P LC 1665.75±907.62 R Garganey Anas querquedula Little Cormorant P LC 94±61 WM 7 Phalacrocoracidae Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo P LC 447.25±291.8 R PELECANIFORMES 7 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo P LC 447.25±291.8 R 8 Indian Shag Phalacrocorax fuscicollis P LC 272±131 WM CICONIIFORMS Pelecanidae 8 Indian Shag Phalacrocorax fuscicollis P LC 272±131 WM Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis P NT 654.5±316.13 WM Anhingidae CICONIIFORMS 9 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster P NT 84.75±48.11 R SULIFORMES 9 Anhingidae Anhinga melanogaster P NT 84.75±48.11 R 10 Little Egret Egretta garzetta P LC 550.25±258.39 R Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger Oriental Darter P LC 1665.75±907.62 R 11 Larg e Egret Casmerodius albus P LC 181±21.54 R Ardeidae 10 Egretta garzetta P LC 550.25±258.39 R 12 Median Egret Mesophoyx intermedia P LC 305±104.28 R Phalacrocoracidae Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Little Egret P LC 447.25±291.8 R 13 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis P LC 1885.25±1067.59 R Indian Shag Phalacrocorax11 fuscicollis Larg e Egret PCasmer odius albus LC 272±131P LC 181±21.54WM R Ardeidae 14 Grey Heron Ardea ciner ea P LC 428.25±167.3 R CICONIIFORMS 12 Median Egret Mesophoyx intermedia P LC 305±104.28 R 15 Pur ple Heron Ardea purpurea P LC 39.75±11.67 R 13 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis P LC 1885.25±1067.59 R Anhingidae Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster P NT 84.75±48.11 R 16 Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayii P LC 271.75±190.5
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