Olympic Gold
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Olympic Gold Key words: scatter graph, trend KS3 Framework Objectives KS3 Framework • Construct graphs and diagrams to represent data, on paper page ref: 267 and using ICT Instructions for teacher: At the start of the lesson ask pupils to reset the TI-83 Plus as follows. • Press 2nd + to get Mem • Choose 7 ( Reset) • Choose 1 (All Ram) • Choose 2 (Reset) This activity allows students to explore data using scatter graphs. The first table on the activity sheet shows the distances thrown in the men’s Discus in the Olympics since 1948. Discuss the results with pupils. Ask questions such as: What is happening to the distances needed for a gold medal? Does the distance increase regularly? Can you use past performances to predict future ones? Suggest that graphing the results can help to answer questions like these. To draw a scatter graph on the TI-83 Plus Press STAT 1 ENTER In L1 enter the years from 1948 to 2000 (Olympic years only). In L2 enter the distances. Press 2nd Y= to get STATPLOT Press 1 Choose these settings Press WINDOW and discuss with students what values of x and y will be suitable here. An example is shown on the right ©Teachers Teaching with Technology 1 Press GRAPH (Alternatively, you can press ZOOM 9 instead of entering your own window settings) Ask students to describe what the scatter graph shows. Which year’s result does not follow the general trend? Explain that this result is called an anomaly. Ask students to predict the trend of the graph in future years. Can it be used to predict the result for 2004? For 2024? For 2044? For 2084? The graph shows a steady increase in the distance for the first 5 years then the increase is less uniform. Discuss possible causes for this (i.e. changes in specifications of the discus). Emphasise that scatter graphs cannot be relied upon to forecast future trends. The activity sheet provides more Olympic data for students to explore. They can substitute the new values for the old ones in L1. The x and y values will need to be changed in WINDOW. Alternatively use ZOOM 9 to automatically set the window range. You may wish them to sketch the scatter graphs produced on the screen. You can use L2 and Plot2 to show two different graphs on the screen for comparing men’s and women’s performances. ©Teachers Teaching with Technology 2 Olympic Gold The table shows the Olympic distances of the Gold Medal winners in the men’s Discus Men’s Discus Distance in metres 1948 52.78 1952 55.03 1956 56.36 1960 59.18 How can you use your TI-82 Plus to 1964 61.00 explore these results? 1968 64.78 1972 64.40 1976 67.50 1980 66.64 1984 66.60 1988 68.82 1992 65.12 1996 69.38 2000 69.28 Press STAT 1 ENTER In L1 enter the years from 1948 to 2000 as in the table above. In L2 enter the distances. To draw a scatter graph of the data, Press 2nd Y= to get STATPLOT Press 1 Choose these settings Press ZOOM and then 9 to set the axes automatically. ©Teachers Teaching with Technology 3 You should have something like this What does the scatter graph tell you? Which year’s result does not follow the general pattern? (This is called an anomaly.) Use the graph to predict the distance the discus will be thrown in the 2004 Olympics. What about the 2024 Olympics? Or the 2060 Olympics? Choose some of the following data. Use the TI-83 Plus to draw scatter graphs. You can use L3 and Plot2 to show two different graphs on the screen. Try to predict the results for the 2004 Olympics. Find out if records are kept at your school, If so, enter the results on the TI-83 Plus and investigate the trends for various events. ©Teachers Teaching with Technology 4 Women’s 100 metres Time 200 metres Time Sprint secs secs 1948 Fanny Blankers-Koen 11.9 Fanny Blankers-Koen 24.4 NED NED 1952 Marjorie Jackson 11.5 Marjorie Jackson 23.7 AUS Aus 1956 Betty Cuthbert 11.5 Betty Cuthbert 23.4 AUS Aus 1960 Wilma Rudolph 11.0 Wilma Rudolph 24.0 USA USA 1964 Wyomia Tyus 11.4 Edith McGuire 23.0 USA USA 1968 Wyomia Tyus 11.08 Irena Szewinska 22.5 USA POL 1972 Renata Stecher 11.07 Renata Stecher 22.4 E Ger E Ger 1976 Annegret Richter 11.08 Barbel Eckert 22.37 W Ger E GER 1980 Lyudmilla Kondratyeva 11.06 Barbel Eckert 22.03 USSR E GER 1984 Evelyn Ashford 10.97 Valerie Brisco-Hooks 21.81 USA USA 1988 Florence Griffith Joyner 10.54 Florence Griffith 21.34 USA Joyner USA 1992 Gail Devers 10.82 Gwen Torrence 21.81 USA USA 1996 Gail Devers 10.94 Marie-Jose Perec 22.12 USA FRA 2000 Marion Jones 10.75 Marion Jones 21.84 USA USA ©Teachers Teaching with Technology 5 Swimming Time HINT: Convert the Time 400m Freestyle in times to seconds in Mins: Mins: secs secs Women Men 1948 Ann Curtis 5:17.8 William Smith USA 4:41.0 USA 1952 Valeria Gyenge 5:12.1 Jean Boiteux 4:30.7 Hungary USA 1956 Lorraine Crapp USA 4:54.6 Murray Rose Australia 4:27.3 1960 Chris von Saltza USA 4:50.6 Murray Rose Australia 4:18.3 1964 Virginia Duenkel USA 4:43.3 Don Schollander USA 4:12.2 1968 Debbie Meyer USA 4:31.8 Mike Burton 4:09.0 USA 1972 Shane Gould 4:19.0 Brad Cooper Australia 4:00.2 Australia 4 7 1976 Petra Thuemer GDR 4:09.8 Brian Goodall USA 3:51.9 9 3 1980 Ines Diers 4:08.7 Vladimir Salnikov 3:51.3 GDR 6 USSR 1 1984 Tiffany Cohen USA 4:07.1 George de Carlo USA 3:51.2 3 1988 Janet Evans USA 4:03.8 Uwe Dassier 3:46.9 5 GDR 5 1992 Dagmar Hase Germany 4:07.1 Yevgeny Sadovyi 3:45.0 8 UT 0 1996 Michelle Smith Ireland 4:07.2 Danyon Loader 3:47.9 5 NewZealand 7 2000 Brooke Bennett USA 4:05.8 Ian Thorpe Australia 3:40.5 9 High Jump Heights Men’s World in metres Records Men Women Distance Time metres 1948 1.98 1.68 100 9.83s 1952 2.04 1.67 200 19.72s 1956 2.12 1.76 400 43.86s 1960 2.16 1.85 800 1m 41.73s 1964 2.18 1.90 1000 2m 12.18s 1968 2.24 1.82 1500 3m 29.18s 1972 2.23 1.92 2000 4m 50.81s 1976 2.25 1.93 3000 7m 32.1s 1980 2.36 1.97 5000 12m 58.39s 1984 2.35 2.02 1988 2.38 2.03 1992 2.34 2.02 1996 2.39 2.05 Estimate a 2000 2.35 2.01 time for the 10 000 m from this data ©Teachers Teaching with Technology 6.