EASTERN List for Monarch Butterflies Why Monarchs? Why Oklahoma? Take Action!

In the last decade, due to habitat loss and other Oklahoma is centrally located in the From Enid to Durant and City to Tahlequah, factors, monarch butterfly populations have monarch migration flyway! now is the time (before it's too late) for us Okies to plummeted at an alarming rate. And they continue get our hands dirty and help the monarchs! to decline. Each spring, monarchs migrate north through Oklahoma and the to Canada in Action 1 - Show your support by taking the pledge Since 1996, monarch colonies have declined 90%. search of milkweed on which to lay their to save the monarchs online at If all monarchs from the population high in the eggs. In the fall, they fly back through Oklahoma okiesformonarchs.org. mid-1990s were grouped onto football fields, the and the Great Plains south to to spend the area they covered has been reduced from 39 fields winter. Action 2 - Provide monarchs with habitat by to an area barely larger than one. planting milkweed and plants on your In order for Monarchs to thrive, we Okies property. Did you know that Oklahoma has 26 Additionally, monarchs and other butterflies help must provide ample food, shelter and breeding different kinds of native milkweed plants and more polinate our crops. It is important to restore and grounds during both their migrations. than 79 monarch-friendly, native nectar plants? protect their habitat so we can continue to grow There's plenty to choose from! We made it easy our food. with this visual guide of native plants adapted to your region's soil and climate.

Action 3 - Show us your new monarch habitat! Register your hard work online at okiesformonarchs.org and don't forget to upload a picture so we can show it off.

2 I Eastern Oklahoma Monarch Butterfly Plant List Using this Guide

For optimum Monarch and butterfly habitat, plant at least 10 milkweed plants, made up of two or more , and several annual, biennial, or perennial plants that are in bloom sequentially or continuously during spring (early), summer (mid) and fall (late).

Before purchasing plants, consider asking to make sure they haven’t been treated with systemic insecticides. These chemicals can be harmful to the plant itself which in turn is harmful to the caterpillars that eat the plants.

The Central Oklahoma ecological region is made up of Washington, Nowata, Craig, Ottawa, Tulsa, Rogers, Mayes, Delaware, Wagoner, Cherokee, Adair, Okmulgee, Muskogee, Sequoyah, Seminole, Hughes, MacIntosh, Haskell, Pontotoc, Coal, Pittsburg, Latimer, Le Flore, Johnston, Atoka, Pushmataha, Marshall, Bryan, Choctaw, McCurtain counties.

The native plants listed in this guide will do best in this region. Please note however, if you are located near the boundary line between the Central and Eastern regions, consider utlizing plants from both regions.

The ecological regions and cooresponding plant list were provided by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and The Xerces Society for Inverterbrate Conservation.

Eastern Oklahoma Monarch Butterfly Plant List I3 EARLY SPRING & MID SUMMER BLOOM

butterfly milkweed dakota mock vervain eastern purple coneflower entire indian paintbrush green antelopehorn Asclepias tuberosa Glandularia bipinnatifida Echinacea purpurea Castilleja indivisa Asclepias viridis

›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun ›› Grows 1-2’ ft. tall ›› Grows 0-1’ ft. tall ›› Grows 2-5’ ft. tall ›› Grows 6-16” in. tall ›› Grows 9¾ – 25½” in. tall ›› Low water use ›› Low to Medium water use ›› Medium water use ›› High drought tolerance ›› Low water use ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Annual ›› Perennial

indian blanket indian hemp lemon beebalm pale purple coneflower roundhead clover Gaillardia pulchella Apocynum cannabinum Monarda citriodora Echinacea pallida Dalea multiflora

›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun ›› Likes sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun ›› Grows 1-2’ ft. tall ›› Grows 3-4’ ft. tall ›› Grows 1-2’ ft. tall ›› Grows 2-4' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-3’ ft. tall ›› High drought tolerance ›› Likes a lot of water ›› Low water use ›› Medium water use ›› High drought tolerance ›› Annual ›› Perennial ›› Annual ›› Perennial ›› Perennial

sneezeweed spider milkweed spotted beebalm vervain wild blue phlox Helenium amarum Asclepias asperula Monarda punctata Verbena halei Phlox divaricata

›› Likes some shade ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Grows 1-3’ ft. tall ›› Grows 1-2’ ft. tall ›› Grows 1-3’ ft. tall ›› Grows 1-21’ ft. tall ›› Grows 8-18" in. tall ›› Low water use ›› Medium water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Medium water use ›› Annual ›› Perennial ›› Annual ›› Perennial ›› Perennial

4 I Eastern Oklahoma Monarch Butterfly Plant List MID & LATE SUMMER BLOOM

american star thistle ashy sunflower baldwin's ironweed bearded beggarticks black samson echinacea Centaurea americana mollis Vernonia baldwinii Bidens aristosa Echinacea angustifolia

›› Likes sun, some shade ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes part shade ›› Likes part shade ›› Grows 11 -5' ft. tall ›› Grows 2-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 3-5' ft. tall ›› Grows 3-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 1 1-2' ft. tall ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› High water use ›› Low water use ›› Annual ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Annual ›› Perennial

blue mistflower calico aster common boneset common buttonbush common dittany Conoclinium coelestinum lateriflorum Eupatorium perfoliatum Cephalanthus occidentalis Cunila origanoides

›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes sun, some shade ›› Likes some shade ›› Likes part shade ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Grows 3' ft. tall ›› Grows 2-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 3-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 6-12' ft. tall ›› Grows 0-1' ft. tall ›› Medium water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› High water use ›› Low water use ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial

common milkweed common sunflower compass plant cup plant dotted blazing star Asclepias syriaca Helianthus annuus laciniatum Silphium perfoliatum punctata

›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Grows 3-5' ft. tall ›› Grows 11 - 8' ft. tall ›› Grows 3-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 3-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-2' ft. tall ›› Medium water use ›› Medium water use ›› Low water use ›› High drought tolerance ›› Medium water use ›› Perennial ›› Annual ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial

Eastern Oklahoma Monarch Butterfly Plant List I5 MID & LATE SUMMER BLOOM

downy ragged goldenrod field thistle golden crownbeard gray goldenrod hoary verbena Solidago petiolaris discolor Verbesina encelioides Verbena stricta

›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes full sun ›› Grows 3-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 3-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 11-2' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-4' ft. tall ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Medium water use ›› Low water use ›› Perennial ›› Biennial (2 yr. life cycle) ›› Annual ›› Perennial ›› Annual

jerusalem artichoke lateflowering thoroughwort leadplant leavenworth's eryngo maximilian sunflower Helianthus tuberosus Eupatorium serotinum Amorpha canescens Eryngium leavenworthii Helianthus maximiliani

›› Likes sun ›› Likes part shade ›› Likes sun, some shade ›› Likes full sun, some shade ›› Likes full sun ›› Grows 3-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 20-40" in. tall ›› Grows 3-10' ft. tall ›› Low water use ›› Medium water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Annual ›› Perennial

mealycup sage goldenrod narrowleaf mountain mint pennsylvania smartweed pink-scale blazing star Salvia farinacea Solidago missouriensis Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Polygonum pensylvanicum Liatris elegans

›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun, some shade ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Grows 2-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-2' ft. tall ›› Grows 20-30" in. tall ›› Grows 4" in. - 6' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-4' ft. tall ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Medium water use ›› Medium water use ›› Low water use ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Annual ›› Perennial

6 I Eastern Oklahoma Monarch Butterfly Plant List MID & LATE SUMMER BLOOM

prairie blazing star prairie ironweed prairie milkweed purple prairie clover rattlesnake master Liatris pycnostachya Vernonia fasciculata Asclepias sullivantii Dalea purpurea Eryngium yuccifolium

›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Grows 2-5' ft. tall ›› Grows 2-5' ft. tall ›› Grows 2-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 8-35" in. tall ›› Grows 4-6' ft. tall ›› Medium water use ›› Medium water use ›› Medium water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial

roughstem rosinweed roundleaf ragwort sawtooth sunflower scaly blazing star shiny goldenrod Packera obovata Helianthus grosseserratus Liatris squarrosa Oligoneuron nitidum

›› Likes full sun ›› Likes some shade ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Grows 1-2' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 10-24" in. tall ›› Grows 1-3' ft. tall ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Medium water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial

showy goldenrod smooth blue aster smooth oxeye stiff sunflower stiff tickseed Solidago speciosa Symphyotrichum laeve Heliopsis helianthoides Helianthus pauciflorus Coreopsis palmata

›› Likes shade ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Grows 1-5' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 3-5' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-3' ft. tall ›› High water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial

Eastern Oklahoma Monarch Butterfly Plant List I7 MID & LATE SUMMER BLOOM

swamp milkweed swamp vervain sweet scented jo pye weed tall thistle texas thistle Asclepias incarnata Verbena hastata Eutrochium purpureum Cirsium altissimum Cirsium texanum

›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes full sun, part shade ›› Likes full sun, part shade ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Grows 2-4' ft. tall ›› Grows 2-5' ft. tall ›› Grows 2-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 6-12' ft. tall ›› Grows 2-5' ft. tall ›› High water use ›› High water use ›› High water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Biennial (2 yr. life cycle) ›› Biennial (2 yr. life cycle)

white heath aster white prairie clover wholeleaf rosinweed whorled milkweed wild bergamont Dalea candida Asclepias verticillata Monarda fistulosa

›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Grows 1-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-2’ ft. tall ›› Grows 3-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 2-5’ ft. tall ›› Low water use ›› Medium water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Medium water use ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial

wrinkleleaf goldenrod yellow thistle Solidago rugosa Cirsium horridulum

›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Grows 2-5' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-51' ft. tall ›› Medium water use ›› Low water use ›› Perennial ›› Annual

8 I Eastern Oklahoma Monarch Butterfly Plant List LATE SUMMER / FALL BLOOM

aromatic aster blue sage canada goldenrod eastern baccharis giant ironweed Symphyotrichum oblongifolium Salvia azurea Solidago altissima Baccharis halimifolia Vernonia gigantea

›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes part shade ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes part shade ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Grows 1-2' ft. tall ›› Grows 3-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 2-4' ft. tall ›› Grows 6-12' ft. tall ›› Grows 2-5' ft. tall ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Medium water use ›› High water use ›› High water use ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial

hairy white oldfield aster spanish gold stiff goldenrod swamp sunflower tall blazing start Symphyotrichum pilosum Grindelia papposa Oligoneuron rigidum Helianthus angustifolius Liatris aspera

›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes full sun ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes full sun ›› Grows 1-2' ft. tall ›› Grows 3-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 3-7" in. tall ›› Grows 1-3' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-4' ft. tall ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Low water use ›› Medium water use ›› Low water use ›› Perennial ›› Annual ›› Perennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial

white crownbeard willowleaf aster yellow wingstem Verbesina virginica Symphyotrichum praealtum Verbesina alternifolia

›› Likes shade ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Likes sun, part shade ›› Grows 3-6' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-2' ft. tall ›› Grows 1-2' ft. tall ›› Low water use ›› High water use ›› High water use ›› Biennial ›› Perennial ›› Perennial

Eastern Oklahoma Monarch Butterfly Plant List I9 10 I Eastern Oklahoma Monarch Butterfly Plant List Additional Resources

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center wildflower.org

Take the Pledge and Save the Monarchs okiesformonarchs.org/pledge

The Kerr Center Guide to Native Milkweeds of Oklahoma http://kerrcenter.com/publication/native-milkweeds-oklahoma/

Photo Credits

Page 2 (left to right): Monarch on beebalm. © TNC; Monarch Migration Map. © Monarch Watch; Nature Works Milkweed. © Joshua Mayer/Flickr; Purple Prairie Clover. © TNC; Rattlesnake Master. © Frank Mayfield/Flickr; Everywhere. © Jonathan Grassi. Roughstem Rosinweed. © Sonia Hill/Flickr; Sawtooth Sunflower. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Scaly Blazing Star. © Page 4 (left to right): Butterfly Milkweed. © TNC; Dakota Mock Vervain. © Patrick Dockens/Flickr; Eastern TNC; Shiny Goldenrod. © US Fish & Wildlife Southwest Region by Brenda Loveless/Flickr; Showy Goldenrod. © Purple Coneflower. © TNC; Entireleaf Indian Paintbrush. © TNC; Green Antelopehorn. © Pinké/Flickr; Indian Joshua Mayer/Flickr; Smooth Blue Aster. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Smooth Oxeye. © Fritz Flohr Reynolds/Flickr; Stiff Blanket. © TNC; Indian Hemp. © TNC; Lemon Beebalm. © TNC; Pale Purple Coneflower. © TNC; Roundhead Sunflower. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Stiff Tickseed. © Aaron Carlson/Flickr. Prairie Clover. © Wiki Commons; Sneezeweed. © Michael Gras, M.Ed./Flickr; Spider Milkweed. © TNC; Spotted Beebalm. © Gardening Solution/Flickr; Texas Vervain. © Eleanor/Flickr; Wild Blue Phlox. © TNC. Page 8 (left to right): Swamp Milkweed. © TNC; Swamp Vervain. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Sweet Scented Jo Pye Weed. © Kerry Woods/Flickr; Tall Thistle. © TNC; Texas Thistle. © Thistle-Garden/Flickr; White Heath Aster. © Page 5 (left to right): American Star Thistle. © TNC; Ashy Sunflower. © John Brandauer/Flickr; Baldwin's Carol Jacobs-Carre/Flickr; White Prairie Clover. © Matt Lavin/Flickr; Wholeleaf Rosinweed. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Ironweed. © Bill Dodd/Flickr; Bearded Beggarticks. © Vijay Somalinga/Flickr; Black Samson Echinacea. © Whorled Milkweed. © Frank Mayfield/Flickr; Wild Bergamont. © TNC; Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod. © Anita Gould/ Matt Lavin/Flickr; Blue Mistflower. © Anita Gould/Flickr; Calico Aster. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Common Boneset. Flickr; Yellow Thistle. © Suzanne Cadwell/Flickr. © Joshua Mayer/Flickr; Common Buttonbush. © Michael Gras, M.Ed./Flickr; Common Dittany. © Fritz Flohr Reynolds/Flickr; Common Milkweed. © TNC; Common Sunflower. © Jeff Coffman/Flickr; Compass Plant. © Page 9 (left to right): Aromatic Aster. © Fritz Flohr Reynolds/Flickr; Blue Sage. © TNC; Canada Goldenrod. © Frank Mayfield/Flickr; Cup Plant. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Dotted Blazing Star. © Matt Lavin/Flickr. Dan Mullen/Flickr; Eastern Baccharis. © Bob Peterson/Flickr; Giant Ironweed. © Eleanor/Flickr; Hairy White Oldfield Aster. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Spanish Gold. © US Fish & Wildlife/Flickr; Stiff Goldenrod. © Dan Mullen/ Page 6 (left to right): Downy Ragged Goldenrod. © Eric Hunt/Flickr; Field Thistle. © Joshua Mayer/Flickr. Flickr; Swamp Sunflower. © Gardening Solutions/Flickr; Tall Blazing Star. © TNC; White Crownbeard. © Ron Golden Crownbeard. © Louis/Flickr; Gray Goldenrod. © Frank Mayfield/Flickr; Hoary Verbena. © Aaron Carlson/ Thomas/Flickr; Willowleaf Aster. © Bart Jones/Flickr; Yellow Wingstem. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Flickr; Jerusalem Artichoke. © Dan Mullen/Flickr. Lateflowering Thoroughwort. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Leadplant. © TNC; Leavenworth's Eryngo. © Nick Varvel/Flickr; Maximilian Sunflower. © TNC; Mealycup Sage. © Jacki- Front Cover: Common Sunflower overlooking the Illinois River at the J.T Nickel Family & Nature Wildlife Dee/Flickr; Missouri Goldenrod. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Narrowleaf Mountain Mint. © Suzanne Cadwell/Flickr; Preserve. © David Jennings Photography. Pennsylvania Smartweed. © Andrew Cannizarro/Flickr; Pink-Scale Blazing Star. © 1sock/Flickr. Back Cover (Left to Right): Black Swallowtail. © TNC; Eastern Tiger Swallowtail. © Lauren Peeler Brice; Monarch Page 7 (left to right): Prairie Blazing Star. © Chris M Morris/Flickr; Prairie Ironweed. © Dan Mullen/Flickr; Prairie butterfly on thistle. © Chris Helzer/TNC.

Eastern Oklahoma Monarch Butterfly Plant List I11 okiesformonarchs.org