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Burunge WMA Report

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Burunge WMA Report Socio-Economic Baseline Studies in Selected Wildlife Management Areas under the Financial Crisis Initiative/Cash-for-Work Program Burunge WMA Report Flamingoes in Lake Manyara HEALTH & DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS Associates in Professional Public Health and Development Consulting 2ND FLOOR NAKIETE HOUSE, ALI HASSAN MWINYI ROAD P.O. BOX 33335 TEL: +255 22 27728 16, FAX: +255 22 27728 14 DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA Final Report, September 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ ii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF PLATES ................................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................. viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................................... x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE .................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION AND THE SETTING OF THE STUDY ............................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction and the Background .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Wildlife Policies and the Evolution of WMAs and Community‐Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 The profile of Babati District .................................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 Population .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Provision of social services ................................................................................................ 5 1.3.2.1 Education ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.3.2.2 Health Services .................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2.3 Water services ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2.4 Infrastructure ...................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.3 Main Economic Sectors in Babati District ............................................................................... 7 1.3.3.1 Agriculture ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.3.2 Livestock .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.3.3.3 Tourism ................................................................................................................................ 8 1.3.3.4 Tourist Hotel Development ................................................................................................. 8 1.3.4 Available Communication Services .................................................................................... 8 ii 1.3.5 Financial Institutions .......................................................................................................... 8 1.3.6 Land, natural resources and environment management .................................................. 8 1.4 The profile of Burunge WMA ................................................................................................. 8 1.4.1 Administration ................................................................................................................. 10 1.4.2 Social services available in Burunge WMA ...................................................................... 10 1.4.3 Condition of roads ........................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................................. 12 THE TERMS OF REFERENCE, APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ..................................... 12 2.1 Objectives of the Baseline Survey and Scope of Work ........................................................ 12 2.2 Area of the Study and Scope of Work .................................................................................. 12 2.3 Study Design and Methodology ........................................................................................... 13 2.3.1 Study Population, Sampling Size and Strategy ................................................................ 13 2.3.2 Methods of Data Collection ............................................................................................. 13 2.3.2.1 Documentary and Library .................................................................................................. 14 2.3.2.2 A Quick‐Scan of Income Generating Activities at Village Level ......................................... 14 2.3.2.3 Administration of a Social Survey ...................................................................................... 14 2.3.2.4 Administration of In‐Depth Interviews .............................................................................. 15 2.3.2.5 Administration of Focus Group Discussions ...................................................................... 16 2.3.2.6 Non‐Participant Ethnographic Observation and Assessment ........................................... 16 2.3.2.7 Data Processing, Analysis, Quality Control and Assurance ............................................... 17 CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................................. 18 SOCIAL-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND ECONOMIC STATUS ......................... 18 3.1 Population Characteristics and Social Relationships ........................................................... 18 3.2 People’s socio‐economic status ........................................................................................... 19 3.3 Peoples’ living Standards and conditions ............................................................................. 20 3.4 Socio‐economic activities of the household and how they perform ................................... 22 3.5 Main economic activities existing in Burunge WMA ........................................................... 24 iii 3.6 Availability and quality of social services infrastructure ...................................................... 26 3.7 Socio‐Economic Threats, Drivers and Opportunities Related to NRs in WMA Villages ....... 28 3.8 Other Resources Available and their Uses ........................................................................... 28 CHAPTER FOUR................................................................................................................................ 30 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE PATTERNS IN THE WMA ......................................................... 30 4.1 Sources and types of Incomes in Selected Villages .............................................................. 30 4.2 Expenditure Patterns in Village forming WMA .................................................................... 30 4.3 Economic and Ecological Status of the WMA ...................................................................... 31 4.4 Contribution of the WMA on Village Revenues and their Common Expenditure ............... 34 CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................................................. 39 PEOPLES KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF CBNRM PROGRAMME AND WILDELIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS .................................................................................................................... 39 5.1 Peoples Knowledge, Awareness and Attitudes towards WMA ........................................... 39 5.2 People’s Views and Perception on the Benefits in Conservation of Natural Resources ..... 40 5.3 People’s Views and Perception on the Benefits of WMAs .................................................. 40 5.4 People’s Perception and Willingness to Participate in Cash‐for Work Programs ................ 42 CHAPTER SIX .................................................................................................................................... 45 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AT VILLAGE LEVEL ............................................... 45 6.1 Population characteristics .................................................................................................... 45 6.2 Average village household expenditure per day ................................................................. 46 6.3 Average annual household income levels per village .........................................................
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