Baptist Distinctives and History
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THE CORRUPTION of ANGELS This Page Intentionally Left Blank the CORRUPTION of ANGELS
THE CORRUPTION OF ANGELS This page intentionally left blank THE CORRUPTION OF ANGELS THE GREAT INQUISITION OF 1245–1246 Mark Gregory Pegg PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD COPYRIGHT 2001 BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHED BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 41 WILLIAM STREET, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08540 IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 3 MARKET PLACE, WOODSTOCK, OXFORDSHIRE OX20 1SY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA PEGG, MARK GREGORY, 1963– THE CORRUPTION OF ANGELS : THE GREAT INQUISITION OF 1245–1246 / MARK GREGORY PEGG. P. CM. INCLUDES BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES AND INDEX. ISBN 0-691-00656-3 (ALK. PAPER) 1. ALBIGENSES. 2. LAURAGAIS (FRANCE)—CHURCH HISTORY. 3. INQUISITION—FRANCE—LAURAGAIS. 4. FRANCE—CHURCH HISTORY—987–1515. I. TITLE. DC83.3.P44 2001 272′.2′0944736—DC21 00-057462 THIS BOOK HAS BEEN COMPOSED IN BASKERVILLE TYPEFACE PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER. ∞ WWW.PUP.PRINCETON.EDU PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 13579108642 To My Mother This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix 1 Two Hundred and One Days 3 2 The Death of One Cistercian 4 3 Wedged between Catha and Cathay 15 4 Paper and Parchment 20 5 Splitting Heads and Tearing Skin 28 6 Summoned to Saint-Sernin 35 7 Questions about Questions 45 8 Four Eavesdropping Friars 52 9 The Memory of What Was Heard 57 10 Lies 63 11 Now Are You Willing to Put That in Writing? 74 12 Before the Crusaders Came 83 13 Words and Nods 92 14 Not Quite Dead 104 viii CONTENTS 15 One Full Dish of Chestnuts 114 16 Two Yellow Crosses 126 17 Life around a Leaf 131 NOTES 133 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED 199 INDEX 219 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS HE STAFF, librarians, and archivists of Olin Library at Washing- ton University in St. -
Events of the Reformation Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution
May 20, 2018 Events of the Reformation Protestants and Roman Catholics agree on first 5 centuries. What changed? Why did some in the Church want reform by the 16th century? Outline Why the Reformation? 1. Church becomes powerful institution. 2. Additional teaching and practices were added. 3. People begin questioning the Church. 4. Martin Luther’s protest. Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution Evidence of Rome’s power grab • In 2nd century we see bishops over regions; people looked to them for guidance. • Around 195AD there was dispute over which day to celebrate Passover (14th Nissan vs. Sunday) • Polycarp said 14th Nissan, but now Victor (Bishop of Rome) liked Sunday. • A council was convened to decide, and they decided on Sunday. • But bishops of Asia continued the Passover on 14th Nissan. • Eusebius wrote what happened next: “Thereupon Victor, who presided over the church at Rome, immediately attempted to cut off from the common unity the parishes of all Asia, with the churches that agreed with them, as heterodox [heretics]; and he wrote letters and declared all the brethren there wholly excommunicate.” (Eus., Hist. eccl. 5.24.9) Everyone started looking to Rome to settle disputes • Rome was always ending up on the winning side in their handling of controversial topics. 1 • So through a combination of the fact that Rome was the most important city in the ancient world and its bishop was always right doctrinally then everyone started looking to Rome. • So Rome took that power and developed it into the Roman Catholic Church by the 600s. Church granted power to rule • Constantine gave the pope power to rule over Italy, Jerusalem, Constantinople and Alexandria. -
In the Supreme Court of the United States
No. 18-1195 In the Supreme Court of the United States KENDRA ESPINOZA, ET AL., Petitioners, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, ET AL., Respondents. On Writ of Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Montana Brief of Religious and Civil-Rights Organizations as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents D ANIEL MACH RICHARD B. KATSKEE HEATHER L. WEAVER ALEX J. LUCHENITSER DAVID D. COLE Counsel of Record American Civil Liberties SARAH R. GOETZ Union Foundation Americans United for 915 15th St. NW Separation of Church Washington, DC 20005 and State (202) 675-2330 1310 L St. NW, Ste. 200 Washington, DC 20005 (202) 466-3234 [email protected] (Additional counsel listed on signature page.) i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ....................................... ii INTERESTS OF THE AMICI CURIAE ..................... 1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ............................................................... 3 ARGUMENT ............................................................... 5 I. Montana may vindicate its traditional antiestablishment interests by declining to fund religious education through tuition tax credits ............................................................... 5 A. Trinity Lutheran did not supersede Locke’s holding that states may decline to fund religious instruction ............................. 5 B. Preventing public financing of religious education is at the core of traditional state antiestablishment interests .................... 8 C. Affirming the ruling below would not endanger property-tax exemptions -
The Solid Rock Greek New Testament : Theory and Practice
The Solid Rock Greek New Testament: Theory and Practice Joey McCollum Abstract The Solid Rock Greek New Testament: Scholar’s Edition offers a recon- structed text of the New Testament based on Byzantine priority theory and expands upon the work of the SBL Greek New Testament by compar- ing the readings of over 10 major critical editions at nearly 8000 units of textual variation. In this survey, we will discuss the goals, principles, and processes underlying the development of this edition, focusing especially on the design and use of the apparatus. As we will show, the resources available in this work make it a valuable addition to the library of anyone involved in the teaching, translation, or study of the Greek New Testament. 1 Introduction 1.1 New Testament Textual Criticism For nearly as long as the Church has recognized the scriptures of the New Testament (ΝΤ) as authoritative, it has also understood that not all copies of these scriptures agree with one another.¹ If we assume that each book of the NT originated in a single inspired autograph, then any two manuscripts cannot both be right where they disagree.² More to the point, where any difference 1. The early church fathers occasionally took note of such differences in the manuscripts known to them. For this reason, their notes serve as crucial evidence for variant readings, sometimes in cases when the reading in the patristic citation has not survived in any NT manuscript. A comprehensive study can be found in Amy M. Donaldson, “Explicit References to New Testament Variant Readings among Greek and Latin Church Fathers” (PhD diss., University of Notre Dame, 2009). -
3 the Westcott-Hort Critical Theory
3 THE WESTCOTT-HORT CRITICAL THEORY Although Brooke Foss Westcott identified himself fully with the project and the results, it is generally understood that it was mainly Fenton John Anthony Hort 1 who developed the theory and composed the Introduction in their two-volume work. 2 In the following discussion I consider the W-H theory to be Hort's creation. At the age of 23, in late 1851, Hort wrote to a friend: “I had no idea till the last few weeks of the importance of texts, having read so little Greek Testament, and dragged on with the villainous Textus Receptus . Think of that vile Textus Receptus leaning entirely on late MSS.; it is a blessing there are such early ones.” 3 Scarcely more than a year later, "the plan of a joint [with B.F. Westcott] revision of the text of the Greek Testament was first definitely agreed upon".4 And within that year (1853) Hort wrote to a friend that he hoped to have the new text out "in little more than a year".5 That it actually took twenty-eight years does not obscure the circumstance that though uninformed, by his own admission, Hort conceived a personal animosity for the Textus Receptus ,6 and only because it was based entirely, so he thought, on late manuscripts. It appears that Hort did not arrive at his theory through unprejudiced intercourse with the facts. Rather, he deliberately set out to construct a theory that would vindicate his preconceived animosity for the Received Text. Colwell has made the same observation: "Hort organized his entire argument to depose the Textus Receptus".7 And again, “Westcott and Hort wrote with two things constantly in mind; the Textus Receptus and the Codex Vaticanus. -
The Contributions of Textual Criticism to the Interpretation of the New Testament
Restoration Quarterly Volume 5 | Number 4 Article 2 10-1-1961 The onC tributions of Textual Criticism to the Interpretation of the New Testament Frank Pack Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/restorationquarterly Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Christianity Commons, Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, History of Christianity Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, Missions and World Christianity Commons, Practical Theology Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Pack, Frank (1961) "The onC tributions of Textual Criticism to the Interpretation of the New Testament," Restoration Quarterly: Vol. 5 : No. 4 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/restorationquarterly/vol5/iss4/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ ACU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Restoration Quarterly by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ ACU. RESTORATION QUARTERLY CONTENTS An Introduction : Th e Task and Method of Ex egesis -Abraham J . Malh erbe ...................................................... .......... 169 Th e Contributions of Textu al Criticism t o th e Inte rpret ation of th e New Testa ment-F ran k Pack ......................................... 179 Th e Lan guage Backgro und of the New Testam ent-J . W. Rober ts 193 Th e Psych ological App roac h to Int er pret ation-Paul Sou thern .... 205 Th e J ewish Background of the New Testament-J ack P. La wis .. 209 Th e Pagan Back gro und of th e New Testam ent - Roy Bowen Wa r d ........................................................................ 216 Patri stic Int er pretat ion of th e Bible-William M. -
INQUISITION.Pdf
INQUISITION: INTRODUCTION by David Burr When medieval people used the word "inquisition," they were referring to a judicial technique, not an organization. There was , in fact, no such thing as "the Inquisition" in the sense of an impersonal organization with a chain of command. Instead there were "inquisitors of heretical depravity," individuals assigned by the pope to inquire into heresy in specific areas. They were called such because they applied a judicial technique known as inquisitio, which could be translated as "inquiry" or "inquest." In this process, which was already widely used by secular rulers (Henry II used it extensively in England in the twelfth century), an official inquirer called for information on a specific subject from anyone who felt he or she had something to offer. This information was treated as confidential. The inquirer, aided by competent consultants, then weighed the evidence and determined whether there was reason for action. This procedure stood in stark contrast to the Roman law practice normally used in ecclesiastical courts, in which, unless the judge could proceed on clear, personal knowledge that the defendant was guilty, judicial process had to be based on an accusation by a third party who was punishable if the accusation was not proved, and in which the defendant could confront witnesses. By the end of the thirteenth century most areas of continental Europe had been assigned inquisitors. The overwhelming majority were Franciscans or Dominicans, since members of these two orders were seen as pious, educated and highly mobile. Inquisitors worked in cooperation with the local bishops. Sentence was often passed in the name of both . -
Westcott and Hort
The Bible’s First Question “YEA, HATH GOD SAID?” (Satan’s question) Genesis 3:1 1 The Bible’s 2nd Question “WHERE ART THOU?” (God’s question) Genesis 3:9 2 Psalm 11:3—Key Verse “If the foundations be destroyed, what can the righteous do?” (Psalm 11:3) The FOUNDATION of ALL DOCTRINE is the BIBLE. Having the RIGHT BIBLE is critically IMPORTANT!! 3 600 Years of English Bible Versions Years Bibles & N.T’s Years Between Undated 1+6 = 7 --------- 1300's 3+1 = 4 25 years 1400's 0+0 = 0 100 years 1500's 11+20 = 31 3.2 years 1600's 5+3 = 8 12.5 years 1700's 17+29 = 46 2.1 years 1800's 45+90 = 135 .74 years 1900's 53+144 = 197 .51 years __________________________________________________ 1300's--1900's 135+293 = 428 1.4 years 4 CHAPTER I God’s Words Kept Intact Is BIBLE PRESERVATION (The Bible’s Timelessness) 5 Verses on Bible Preservation 1. Psalm 12:6-7: “The WORDS of the LORD are pure WORDS: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. Thou shalt KEEP THEM, O LORD, Thou shalt PRESERVE them from this generation FOR EVER.” 2. Psalm 105:8: “He hath remembered His covenant FOR EVER, the WORD which He commanded TO A THOUSAND GENERA- TIONS.” 6 Verses on Bible Preservation 3. Proverbs 22:20-21. “(20) Have not I WRITTEN to thee excellent things in counsels and knowledge, (21) That I might make thee know the CERTAINTY of the WORDS OF TRUTH; that thou mightest answer the WORDS OF TRUTH to them that send unto thee?” 4. -
John Leland and James Madison: Religious Influence on the Ratification of the Constitution and on the Proposal of the Bill of Rights
SCARBERRY.DOC 2/11/2009 9:11:22 AM John Leland and James Madison: Religious Influence on the Ratification of the Constitution and on the Proposal of the Bill of Rights Mark S. Scarberry* Leland’s self-written Epitaph: “Here lies the body of John Leland, who labored 67 years to promote piety and vindicate the civil and religious rights of all men.”1 “He played a substantial part in molding [an] American tradition that is full of meaning to all of us today—the separation of church and state in the United States. Much of Leland’s sixty-seven year career as a Baptist evangelist was expended in fighting to remove [religious] disabilities—not only for Baptists but for persons of all faiths, Christian and non-Christian, and even for those who held no recognized religious faith. [H]e was as courageous and resourceful a champion of the 2 rights of conscience as America has produced.” * Copyright © 2008 Mark S. Scarberry, Professor of Law, Pepperdine University School of Law. I would like to thank Professor Edward J. Larson for his helpful comments and encouragement. 1. L.F. Green, Further Sketches of the Life of John Leland, in JOHN LELAND, THE WRITINGS OF THE LATE ELDER JOHN LELAND 41, 50 (L.F. Greene ed., 1845), available on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=bMAiAAAAMAAJ. The epitaph was written by Leland, except of course for the number sixty-seven, which could not be calculated until his death. See JOHN LELAND, Events in the Life of John Leland: Written by Himself, in JOHN LELAND, supra, at 9, 38 [hereinafter Events]. -
Corruption of Religion and the Establishment Clause Andrew Koppelman Northwestern University School of Law, [email protected]
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Northwestern University Illinois, School of Law: Scholarly Commons Northwestern University School of Law Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons Faculty Working Papers 2008 Corruption of Religion and the Establishment Clause Andrew Koppelman Northwestern University School of Law, [email protected] Repository Citation Koppelman, Andrew, "Corruption of Religion and the Establishment Clause" (2008). Faculty Working Papers. Paper 165. http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/facultyworkingpapers/165 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Working Papers by an authorized administrator of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Forthcoming, 50 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. (2009). Draft: Sept. 12, 2008 Corruption of Religion and the Establishment Clause Andrew Koppelman* Government neutrality toward religion is based on familiar considerations: the importance of avoiding religious conflict, alienation of religious minorities, and the danger that religious considerations will introduce a dangerous irrational dogmatism into politics and make democratic compromise more difficult. This paper explores one consideration, prominent at the time of the framing, that is often overlooked: the idea that religion can be corrupted by state involvement with it. This idea is friendly to religion but, precisely for that reason, is determined to keep the state away from religion. If the religion-protective argument for disestablishment is to be useful today, it cannot be adopted in the form in which it was understood in the 17th and 18th centuries, because in that form it is loaded with assumptions rooted in a particular variety of Protestant Christianity. -
John Leland (1754-1841) As an Enforcer of Ciceronian Ideals of Community
Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History Volume 9 Issue 2 Article 4 11-2019 The Great Cheese: John Leland (1754-1841) as an Enforcer of Ciceronian Ideals of Community Holly Vlach Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/aujh Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Vlach, Holly (2019) "The Great Cheese: John Leland (1754-1841) as an Enforcer of Ciceronian Ideals of Community," Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History: Vol. 9 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. DOI: 10.20429/aujh.2019.090204 Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/aujh/vol9/iss2/4 This article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vlach: The Great Cheese: John Leland (1754-1841) as an Enforcer of Ciceronian Ideals of Community The Great Cheese: John Leland (1754-1841) as an Enforcer of Ciceronian Ideals of Community Holly Vlach Samford University (Birmingham, Alabama) It was a bleak and blustery day when the townspeople of Cheshire, Massachusetts, rolled the great cheese out of the town hall and onto the sleigh they had built specifically for this purpose. For many weeks, crowds had milled around the town hall watching as others left offerings of milk, salt, and handwoven cheesecloth at the door. Inside, a cider mill was fitted with a large hoop, and the milk was pressurized while the people of Cheshire sang hymns and prayed over their labor. -
Religious Liberty That Almost Wasn't: on the Origin of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment
University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review Volume 30 Issue 1 Article 2 2007 Religious Liberty That Almost Wasn't: On the Origin of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment Gregory C. Downs Follow this and additional works at: https://lawrepository.ualr.edu/lawreview Part of the Jurisprudence Commons, and the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Gregory C. Downs, Religious Liberty That Almost Wasn't: On the Origin of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, 30 U. ARK. LITTLE ROCK L. REV. 19 (2007). Available at: https://lawrepository.ualr.edu/lawreview/vol30/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review by an authorized editor of Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RELIGIOUS LIBERTY THAT ALMOST WASN'T: ON THE ORIGIN OF THE ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE OF THE FIRST AMENDMENT Gregory C. Downs* "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibitingthe free exercise thereof... U.S. CONST. amend. I "A page of history is worth a volume of logic." Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes' I. INTRODUCTION Writing for the majority in Everson v. Board of Education,' Justice Black began his consideration of the constitutionality of tax-funded trans- portation of students to parochial schools by examining the Establishment Clause's "background and environment of the period in which that constitu-