Climate Change Slides

Greenhouse

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0:00 Timeline of the earth 12:00 midnight

After about 2.5 billion years, oxygen generated by photosynthesizing single-celled organisms began to appear = beginning of the Proterozoic e r t d — o o n a n s , t o s

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. o r t time probably due to a protoplanet's greenhouse gases existed in this eon. c r n n s c o o h o x e h n u e o u a n n collision into Earth. 1 C d k f G c l f i w e d r i p

500 million years 500 millio0n years Eons are divided into eras, which are in turn divided into periods, epochs and ages -4.5 Phanerozoic Eon billion

The ÀUVWHRQZDVWKHHadean, when the Earth had cooled enough for continents and the earliest known life to emerge

Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago, approximately one-third the age of the universe, by accretion from the solar nebula. Timeline of the Phanerozoic Eon M s r P

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into their modern forms p e a n s

o t human o s m o evolution H

next slide

3 million -65m 10 million years years 0 e r u t a r e p m e t

10 million years after the dinosaur extinction, Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, saw temperatures 16 degrees Celsius above modern levels driven by a massive release of carbon into the atmosphere, thought to be the result of huge volcanic eruptions in the North Atlantic. As carbon dioxide disappeared from the atmosphere over the next 20 million years, ice sheets started to form in Antarctica and the planet entered a coolhouse phase, 12th Sept 2020 CM p22 The groundbreaking research, with author unacknowledged by the CM (we understand it was from the University of Bremen Center for Marine Environmental Sciences in Germany and published in the journal “Science”) was based on decades of research around fossilized shell cores. It gives our best ever understanding of how and why the climate has changed since the age of the dinosaurs. Timeline of human evolution 8 5 : 3 2 t s n e o e i n m p a o a s l i l H S l p i

b e a modern h h t o humans m d o e N k l a one million years 300,000 years w s r -2m -1m o H t 0 V s X e

H NASAs graphs from ice cores U c À n a n Cycles also play key roles in Earth’s short-term weather and long-term climate. A century ago, Serbian scientist Milutin Milankovitch a hypothesized the long-term, collective effects of changes in Earth’s position relative to the Sun are a strong driver of Earth’s long-term climate, and are responsible for triggering the beginning and end of glaciation periods (Ice Ages).

m Temp Earth's climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 650,000 years there have been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 11,700 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and u of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small h

variations in Earth’s orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives. , w

o melting of snow and ice at the end of cyclical glacial n . As snow and ice

periods was driven by changes in the Earth’s orbit melted on the planet, the albedo, or reÁHFWLYLW\RIWKHHDUWKGHFOLQHGZLWKODQGDQGRFHDQ o t absorbing more heat from the sun (think the reÁHFWLYLW\RIFDUVLQDSDUNLQJORWYHUVXVWKHKRWEODFNWRSRIWKHSDUNLQJ

lot itself). As the planet slowly warmed, a warmer and better-mixed ocean released CO2 into the s atmosphere, which ampliÀHGWKHZDUPLQJWKDWZDVDOUHDG\LQSURJUHVs In all, temperature e t typically increased by 6°C (11° F) over thousands of years during these interglacial and one third of this increase was a result of the CO that outgassed from the ocean once warming began. u periods, 2 Therefore, CO was not the initial cause of melting ice on the planet. It merely ampliÀHGD n 2 2 i signal that was already in progress. CO m

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800mm Sea Level Will Rise 1- 8 feet by 2100 - NASA 300mm - 2.4m

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8"/203mm "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) next 200 years projections for 2300 in the 4º 'business-as-usual' scenario will potentially bring global temperature to a level the planet has not seen in 50 million years." (The IPCC is a United Temp Nations group that assesses the science, risks and impacts of climate change on the planet.) 3º NASA has heat animations of the USA till 2084 with different scenarios, but say 5-15ºF 2º 2020 1900 30 years 1º 2200 210w0ww.climatechangein australia.gov.au

0º The Courier Mail July 2019

SSCD Daily July 2019 The Courier Mail Oct 2020 p5

Same paper p17