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The Case in Northern Mindanao

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The Case in Northern Mindanao (The case in Northern Mindanao) Hilly Ann Roa-Quiaoit, PhD Cagayan de Oro River Basin Management Council Macajalar Bay Development Alliance The Samdhana Institute What are Ecosystem SERVICES? “The direct and indirect contributions of ecosystem to human well-being.” “Ang mga direkta ug indirekta nga mga tampo sa ekosistema para sa kaayuhan sa katawhan.” The Economics of Ecosystem and Biodiversity www.teebweb.org Why on ES? Preserving ES will improve quality of LIFE Why do we focus on Ecosystem SERVICES? R3 Program (Ridge, River, Reef) 3/18 Priority Riverbasins in Mindanao Provisioning Services These are PRODUCTS obtained from the ecosystem WATER Provisioning Water Balance based on Rainfall 3,745,640,859 3,671,294,989 4,000,000,000 3,500,000,000 3,000,000,000 2,500,000,000 2,000,000,000 CDORB 1,500,000,000 1,000,000,000 74,345,870 500,000,000 0 Amount of Amount of Total Water water water usage 2% available remained 3,472,570,000.00 3,249,368,864.53 3,500,000,000 3,000,000,000 2,500,000,000 2,000,000,000 1,500,000,000 1,000,000,000 223,201,135.47 500,000,000 TRB 0 Amount of Amount of Total Water water water usage 6% available remained DENR-INREMP Hilly Ann Roa-Quiaoit PhD Xavier University March 20, 2012 Netherlands Water ACCESS Water Supply More expensive water • Bottled water 100x expensive • Surface water processing is more expensive Bulk water supplier: Ban ground water abstraction - for 10 years - to recover stressed aquifers AGRICULTURE Conflicts in Water Use Food security Upscaling of Agriculture (Del Monte, Dole) POWER Conflicts in Water Use • Renewable energy • Energy source • Industries • Development & Investment Manolo Fortich Hydroelectric Plant Pulangi IV, Hydroelectric facility Under construction Maramag, Bukidnon National Water Board Resources Water National Water Potential and Demand andDemand Potential by RiverBasin Water (1998). Low economic growth scenario, 80 percent surface water availability water surface 80 percent scenario, growth economic Low (1998). Philippines the in Management Resources on Water Study Master Plan JICA Source: 30000 25000 20000 15000 MCM 10000 5000 0 I Abra I V Bicol V III Agno III XI Davao XI Agus XII VI Panay VI VI Jalaur VI II Abulog II X Agusan X II Cagayan II Malungon XI Tagum- XI Buayan- XI Libuganon X Tagoloan X III Pampanga III Mindanao XII VII Cebu Island VII IV Pasig-Laguna IV X Cagayan deOro Cagayan X VI Ilog- VI Hilabangan Water Resources Potential Water Demand in 2025 Regulating Services are BENEFITS obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes REGULATING FLOOD Regulating FLOOD and EROSION Erosion on hills Varied Upland Activities Flow of Sediments Eroded sediments from Iponan River drains to MacajalarIponan RiverBay showing extensive landslide slumps or slips along its riverbank slopes Elpidio Paras www.kagay-an.com/UP-NIGS Soil EROSION (Pag-anas sa yuta) Siltation Rivers Siltation Hydro Dams Sedimentation of Coastal Seas Description English: Flooding from Tropical Storm Washi Date 22 December 2011, 03:39:14 Source NASA official- GeoTIFF https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=76780&eocn=image&eoci=morenh Author NASA Earth Observatory image created by Jesse Allen,Before using EO-1 ALI data provided courtesy of the NASA EO-1 team.After Regulating FLOOD and EROSION (and DISASTER) Nartea/Malacañang Photo Bureau/PNA Perfect Recipe for Disaster PRECARIOUS DENUDED HEAVY RAINFALL GEOMORPHOLOGY HEADWATERS Circularity ratio: 0.29 • a circular basin • shorter lag time • higher peak flow than elongated basin (Waugh, 1995) TALAKAG BAUNGON LIBONA CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY Warwin Sabasaje 2013 Supporting Services those that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services Crowned Flying Fox Mindanao Bleeding Pygmy Fruit Bat Heart Pigeon Blue-capped kingfisher Mindanao moon rat Land Cover from 2010 to 2015 *Total Forest Cover Change from 2010 - 2015: CDORB = decreased by 1,184 ha TRB = increased by 3,297 ha Source: DENR-INREMP 10 Cultural Services Intangible benefits in form of non-material spiritual, religious, inspirational and educational experience Indigenous Peoples Sacred Link of the IPs with Nature • Burial grounds • Sacred Places • Worship areas Certificate of Ancestral Domains Tribes: Bukidnon Tribes: Higaonon Tribes: Talaandig Tribes: Bukidnon Tribes: Bukidnon Tribes: Bukidnon Tribes: Higaonon Higaonon Tribes: Higaonon Tribes: Bukidnon Tribes: Bukidnon Tribes: Talaandig Tribes: Higaonon Tagakaolo Tagoloanon ICC What have we done to ensure flow of ES? 1. Ecosystem Restoration Restoration POOR GROUND COVER FAIR GROUND COVER GOOD GROUND COVER 10% of ground covered 37% of ground covered 60-75% of ground with plants and litters with plants and litters covered with plants and litters Surface run-off Surface run-off Surface run-off = 75% of rainfall = 14% of rainfall = 2% of rainfall or 12.4 mm Source: RBCO Restoration Models I. Slope Forest Species Restoration Culiram, Talacogon II. Riparian Buffer Restoration San Jose & Poblacion, Monkayo III. Restoration Succession Hineleban Foundation Ecosystem management and restoration (EMR) Strategic design for 50 hectares as forest restoration Culiram, Talacogon, Agusan del Norte POMP Wetlands Intl Strategic Design of 50 Hectares Riparian Buffer Restoration Monkayo, Compostella Valley POMP Wetlands Intl Hineleban Model on Restoration FOREST PLANTATION SUCCESSION IN HFI R.T. Geollegue 2017 Calliandra as nurse Calliandra mixed and Pinus caribaea intercropped with trees topped by Pinus caribaea Dipteropcarps Geollegue R.T. 2017 Pinus carIbaea and Calliandra Tree Mix Restoration Models I. Slope Forest Species Restoration Culiram, Talacogon II. Riparian Buffer Restoration San Jose & Poblacion, Monkayo III. Restoration Succession Hineleban Foundation IV. Mangrove Rehabilitation Macajalar Bay Strengthening natural systems as buffers to the storm surges and sea level rise What have we done? 2. Payments for Ecosystem Services PES Mechanism in Mt. Kalatungan Range Mt. Kalatungan Range Mt. Kitanglad Range MILALITTR A Batang Sub-watershed Fund Mgt. & Intermediary BENEFICIARIES Business, CSO’s, Gov. Sustainable financing scheme TALAMA FUND KGVs – Kitanglad Guard Volunteers Lumads get incentives by protecting the mountain forest THE SACRED CUSTOMARY COMPACT PES WITH TALAANDIG TRIBE OF BUKIDNON PROTECTION OF IRRIGATION WATERSHED WATER Talaandig Tribe WATERSHED SERVICES PhP 1,000 PER HECTARE PER YEAR TO OFFSET WATER USED FOR IRRIGATION OF SELLER BANANA AND PhP500 PER HECTARE FOR EVERY HECTARE OF PINEAPPLE PLANTATION BUYER What have we done? 3. Ecosystem Management Municipal hotspots maps to reduce landslides and erosion Green: steep slope with forest = hotspot for conservation Red: steep slope without forest = hotspot for restoration 50 EMR-Smart BDRRM Plans TAGRBMC ( 8 Municipalities, CDORBMC 2 Province) (2 Cities, 3 Municipalities, ACCW 2 Province) MBDA (12 Municipalities, The Ridge-River-Reef 2 Cities) Approach to Management (Alignment of Management Plans 2018) Ridge-River-Reef (R3) Characterization of CDORB Elevation Range (MASL) 2000-UP 1200-2000 600-1200 100-600 100-SEA LEVEL BELOW SEA LEVEL Parameters Mossy Forest Mid-Montane Lower Montane Agricultural Urban Mangroves, Coral ECOSYSTEM Forest Forest Land Ecosystem Ecosystem reefs, Seagrass Creation of Bantay CARP; FLUP; Strengthening of Strengthening Strengthening of PAMB; Lasang; FLUP; Implementation CDORBMC; of CDORBMC; CDORBMC; CLUP; Strengthe- Implementat- of PES; INREMP; CARP; DA; FLUP; CLUP; Creation of inter-LGU ning of CDO ion of PES; KGV; NGP; DAR- INREMP; NGP; Macalajar Bay alliance, ie MBDA; EXISTING River Basin INREMP; KGV; CLOA DAR-CLOA Development MPAs; Implementa- INITIATIVES Mgt. Council NGP; Alliance; tion of RA 10654; Strengthening CRM/ICM Seaborne Patrol for of CDORBMC illegal fishery activities; CRM/ICM Forest Fire; Forest Fire; Forest Fire; Land Forest Fire; Conversion of Conversion of Massive Conversion to Use Conversion; Land Use land area; Mangrove areas to THREATS/ Climbers; agricultural Land Develop- Conversion; Coordination fish ponds; Reclama- ISSUES activities and area/deforest ment; Unsustai- Land between tion of coastal areas; residues ation; Timber nable Farming Development; implementing Waste disposal Poaching Practices; Unsustainable agenda; Illegal, unreported Rampant Farming Solid waste and unregulated Quarrying; Practices; Management; fishing activities; Conversion of Rampant Rampant Encroachment of forest areas to Quarrying; Quarrying; commercial fishers to roads; Timber Conversion of Conversion of the municipal water; poaching forest areas to coastal area Inappropriate tourism roads activityGeollegue, R.T. 2008 Target for Rehabilitation vs. Current Efforts Congressional Initiative = 5000 has 5000 3438 1100 National Greening Program (NGP) 100 = 3438 has Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) = 1,100 has 46.000 Auto Regeneration = 1,000 has Mt. Kalatungan PES = less than 50 has THE CURRENT REHABILITATION INITIATIVES ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT ENOUGH TO MAKE A DIFERENCE Source: RBCO World ESP Regional Asia ESP Philippines ESP National Network on Water storage in the Marsh Siltation Inflow Marsh The Marsh as Sediment Sink - Measurements Sediment load tributaries Deposition causing clogging Class C: 80 mg/L Outflow Marsh? EMR importance of Monkayo based on the LRA • Source of water and soil sediments to Agusan Marsh • Control erosion of slopes (steep or high elevation) • Reduce riverbank erosion Promote eco- tourism along river banks; 12,000 Toog trees (Philippine Rosewood) some of the 30,000 endemic tree seedlings planted as “vegetative
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