A Sentimental Journey, a Journal to Eliza, and a Political Romance: a Compilation and Commentary
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Durham E-Theses The proverb in three works of Laurence Sterne A sentimental journey, a journal to Eliza, and a political romance: a compilation and commentary Nassar, Noha Saad How to cite: Nassar, Noha Saad (1996) The proverb in three works of Laurence Sterne A sentimental journey, a journal to Eliza, and a political romance: a compilation and commentary, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5392/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Abstract The Proverb in Three Works of Laurence Sterne: A Sentimental Journey, A Journal to Eliza, and A Political Romance: A Compilation and Commentary Ph.D. 1996 Noha Saad Nassar The present thesis deals with proverbial usage in A Sentimental Journey, A Journal to Eliza, and A Political Romance. It consists of three compilations of proverbs, three commentaries, and a listing of the proverbial expressions cited in each work. In the 'Compilations', those parts of the text in which proverbs occur are quoted followed by the proverbs as they are cited in both modem and contemporary dictionaries. The 'Commentary' deals with the significance of the proverb in each work. In chapter 1, the different devices employed by Sterne when manipulating proverb lore are categorised and examined. In chapters 2, 3 and 4 the different ways in which proverb lore reflects upon the principal themes and ideas, in the three works, are analysed. In the 'Lists of Proverbs' following the commentary, all the proverbs, and the repeated proverbs, cited in Sterne's three works are listed in the order in which they occur in the different texts. The 'Compilations', the 'Commentary' and the 'Lists of Proverbs' complement one another: while the first part of the thesis testifies to Sterne's familiarity with his tradition and the degree of his reliance upon it, the third comprises a synopsis of Part I, and the second deals with the significance of proverb lore in each work. The present endeavour highlights an important aspect of Sterne's writings and makes a contribution to the corpus of literary criticism about the author. The Proverb in Three Works of Laurence Sterne: A Sentimental Journey, A Journal To Eliza and A Political Romance: A Compilation and Commentary N oha Saad Nassar The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. A thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. University of Durham Department of English Studies 1996 'fable of Contents Preface 1 The Compilations: A Note Upon the Editing of Proverbs 3 A Sentimental Journey 4 A Journal to Eliza 101 A Political Romance 142 The Commentary: Chapter 1: Stylistic Commentary 148 Chapter 2: A Sentimental Journey 208 Chapter 3: A Journal to Eliza 259 Chapter 4: A Political Romance 310 Lists of Proverbs: A Sentimental Journey 319 A Journal to Eliza 336 A Political Romance 343 Appendix 1: Tristram Shandy 344 Bibliography 388 List of Abbreviations Tristram Shandy T.S. A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy S.J. A Journal To Eliza A Journal A Political Romance P.R. The Florida Edition FL. The World's Classics we Thomas Fuller, Gnomologia, Adagies and Proverbs, Wise Sentences and Witty Sayings Fuller John Ray, A Compleat Collection of English Proverbs Ray Burton Stevenson, Stevenson's Book of Proverbs, Maxims and Familiar Phrases Stevenson M.P. Tilley, A Dictionary of Proverbs in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Tilley B. J. Whiting, Proverbial Sentences and Proverbial Phrases From English Writings Mainly Before 1500 Whiting F. P. Wilson, The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs ODEP Declaration I hereby declare that only Appendix I, 'List of Proverbs in Tristram Shandy', was part of a thesis submitted for the degree of M.Litt. in the University of Dublin, 1988. No other part of the thesis has been submitted for a degree in this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without her prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Acknowledgement I am grateful for the unfailing help and encouragement of my supervisor, Mr Peter Lewis, as well as the assistance of Dr Ian Ross, who supervised my M.Litt. thesis in the University of Dublin. Preface The present thesis deals with proverbial usage in three works by Laurence Sterne: A Sentimental Journey, A Journal to Eliza, and A Political Romance. It consists of three compilations of proverbial expressions and three commentaries. In the 'Compilations', those parts of the text in which proverbs occur are quoted followed by the proverbs as they are cited in both modern and contemporary dictionaries. The dictionaries consulted in editing the proverbs are: Stevenson's Stevenson's Book of Proverbs, Maxims and Familiar Phrases, Tilley's A Dictionary of Proverbs in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Whiting's Proverbial Sentences and Phrases from English Writings Mainly before 1500, and F. P. Wilson's The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs. Quotations from modem dictionaries of proverbs are followed by the format of the proverb as cited in two eighteenth century collections of proverbial expressions: Fuller's Gnomologia, Adagies and Proverbs, Wise Sentences and Witty sayings, and Ray's A Compleat Collection of English Proverbs. The 'Commentary' deals with the proverb in the works of Laurence Sterne. Chapter 1 consists of a stylistic analysis: the different devices employed by Sterne when manipulating proverb lore are categorised and examined in their contexts. In order to render the stylistic analysis comprehensive, and to deal with as many devices as possible, I also refer to the proverbs cited in Tristram Shandy (this compilation was submitted for the degree of M.Litt. in the University of Dublin in 1988). Chapters 2, 3 and 4 deal with the significance of proverbial lore in A Sentimental Journey, A Journal to Eliza, and A Political Romance. In each chapter I examine how proverbial lore reflects upon the principle themes and ideas and how it assists the reader better to understand the narrative. In the 'Lists of Proverbs' all the proverbs, and the repeated proverbs, cited in Sterne's three works are listed in the order in which they occur in the different texts. 'Appendix I' 1 consists of a list of the proverbs located in Tristram Shandy. The 'Compilations', the 'Commentary' and the 'Lists of Proverbs' complement one another: while the first part of the thesis testifies to the writer's familiarity with his tradition and the degree of his reliance upon it, the third comprises a synopsis of Part I, and the second deals with the significance of the proverb in each work. The present endeavour highlights an important aspect of Sterne's writings, and makes a contribution to the corpus of literary criticism about the author. 2 The Compilations A Note Upon The Editing Of Proverbs In editing the proverbial expressions in A Sentimental Journey, A Journal to Eliza, and A Political Romance, I have exercised the utmost care to include only those proverbial expressions of which I was absolutely sure. In order to produce as accurate an edition as possible, I have excluded many repeated proverbs which constitute borderline cases from the compilations. Designated as pseudo proverbial, such expressions are categorized and discussed in the 'Commentary', chapter 1. The reader will notice that certain proverbial expressions are easier to detect than others. Explicit references to proverbs are often extended in the text with the verbal structure, and the wording, of the proverb preserved. Others references are less explicit: a single word, the intonation of a phrase or sentence, or the verbal structure act as a clue to the proverb. Upon examining the compilations the reader will come to appreciate the different ways employed in moulding proverbs, and the varying degrees of subtilty witnessed in recreating proverbial expressions that are embedded in the context. The three compilations are complemented by the 'Commentary' which deals with the significance of the proverb in the three texts. 3 VOJLlUME li CA.ILAI§ --Just God! said I, kicking my portmanteau aside, what is there in this world's goods which should sharpen our spirits, and make so many kind-hearted brethren of us, fall out so cruelly as we do by the way? (WC4) G298 As rises my GOOD so rises my blood!. 1550 BECON Fort. Faithful: Cat., p.599: And they are such as this common proverb noteth: As riseth my good So riseth my blood. 1659 CRADOCK Know. and Prac. I xvii, p. 488: Of most men, the Proverb is true, Their good and their blood rises together. Prosperity is to many a kind of intoxication, it makes their heads giddy. (Tilley) G306 The more GOODS the more evils (greed). 1616 DR., s.v. Riches, no. 1879. 1623 WOD., p.509: (Greed).