1/2018 Kr 48,- TIDSAM 1098-01 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE And 9 770806 615906 01 SECURITY IndUSTRIES AssOCIATION RETURUKEReturuke 26 v 12 GIRAFFE 1X FLEXIBLE PROTECTION FOR MOBILE FORCES SAAB TECHNOLOGIES NORWAY AS WWW.SAAB.NO CONTENTS CONTENTS: ARTILLERY 2 New artillery for Norway Editor-in-Chief: M.Sc. Bjørn Domaas Josefsen MAIN BATTLE TANKS 4 K2 Black Panther for Norway? FSi 7 Norwegian Defence and Security ELECTRONIC Industries Association (FSi) DANISH LOOPHOLE WARFARE; A CRACK 15 EU disapproves of Danish offset rules IN NATO’S DEFENCE BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE Last September, for more than a week, the GPS signals in the 17 Lightweight torpedo for Hamina-class ships airspace above Eastern Finnmark were suddenly gone. Finnmark 18 Modular bridging system is the northern area of Norway, and the eastern part shares a 19 F-35 for Belgium common border with Russia. 21 Ballistic missile defence for Japan According to open sources, civilian air traffic reported 24 More Eurofighters for Saudi Arabia 25 Huge potential for KONGSBERG in Qatar losing GPS signals when reaching an altitude of approximate 2000-3000 meters. Naturally the incident caused great concern COAST GUARD within the Norwegian aviation authorities. 26 Less NH 90 flight time for Coast Guard Recently, presenting his non-classified “Annual report on assessment of current security challenges”, the chief of the KNM MAUD Norwegian Intelligence Service admitted that the September 27 The Logistic vessel KNM “Maud” made its maiden incident in Eastern Finnmark was caused by Russian electronic voyage of the South Korean coast warfare units. NAMMO For years, Russia has spent great amounts of resources 28 Nammo’s new artillery shell developing equipment and competence on electronic war- fare. Several incidents reported all over Europe confirms this PATRIOT capacity. 29 Sweden seeks $3.2bn sale of patriot missile For NATO´s armed forces, the use of electronic signals for systems positioning, mapping, weapon guidance, communications, etc, DANISH DEFENCE AGREEMENT is crucial. The operational effect of highly advanced military 30 Danish defence to have a brigade, systems will be significantly reduced without the ability to missiles and torpedoes send and receive reliable electronic signals. In some cases, entire military capacities might even be completely cut off if GLOBALEYE electronic signals are lost. 32 First Globaleye AEW&C Aircraft Similar to the deployment of long range precision missiles, the Russian electronic warfare capacities again give proof of Russia´s disturbing ability to allocate resources and funding to developing the exact weapon systems and technologies that Coverphoto: cause the most headaches within NATO. A K9 Thunder test firing the new As a counter-move against the long-range precision Nammo base bleed artillery shell at a test range in Southern Sweden. missiles, a number of nations are looking into missile shields for protecting their most highly prioritized military installations. Both Norway and Finland has Missiles shields, however, are expensive to purchase and selected the South Korean K9 Thunder for their new artillery. costly to operate. What counter measures to take against electronic warfare The new shell design Nammo is known as the 155 mm IM HE-ER attacks are yet to be clarified. As of today, it seems like the (Insensitive Munitions, High NATO nations have a major job to do, developing technologies Explosive, Extended Range). that can reduce the effect of an advanced and massive strike Nammo’s new artillery ammuni- from electronic warfare systems. And let there be no mistake tion reaches a maximum height of 16 km, or more than 50,000 feet, when about this – any effective defence against electronic warfare fired at its maximum range of more than 40 km Photo: Nammo solutions is bound to be expensive. MILITÆRTEKNIKK 1/2018 1 ARTILLERY FOR NORWAY NEW ARTILLERY FOR NORWAY In December, the Norwegian Ministry of Defence signed a The K9 artillery has been supplied contract with South Korea for the delivery of their K9 Thunder in several varieties, and the Norwegian con- figuration consists of solutions picked from a as the new artillery system for the Norwegian Defence. The number of these variations. What is unique K9 Thunder has been developed and is manufactured by the for the Norwegian configuration, however, South Korean Hanwha Techwin (formerly Samsung Techwin), is the integration of Norwegian communica- and counts the Finnish Defence among its earliest users. tions systems on the artillery vehicles. The contract covers 24 units of the type K9 VIDAR as well as 6 units K10 he Korean artillery won ahead been operative in the Korean artillery over VIDAR ammunition re-supply vehicles. in the competition against the several years, from which it follows that Further to this, logistics and education T German Panzerhaubitze 2000 from the system is thoroughly tested in practice. materiel will be procured. Krauss-Maffei Wegmann and Rheinmetall; To us, this means getting an artillery with Norway also holds an option for six the French Caesar wheeled artillery from a great degree of operational matureness, K10 VIDAR ammunition vehicles, as well Nexter, and the M109 KRAIT developed which is an important factor in reducing as a further option for another 24 units of and made by the Swiss Ruag. M109 KRAIT the technical risk inherent in the project, K9 VIDAR artillery and 12 units of K10 is an upgraded version of the American says senior advisor Asgeir Spange Brekke VIDAR ammunition vehicles. M109 artillery. of Forsvarsmateriell. – Our main reason for choosing We also considered the fact that the Possible co-operation with the Korean alternative is that the system system is well adapted to operations under Finland and Estonia was able to meet a convincing number Norwegian conditions, continues Brekke, In February of last year, the Finnish of the requirement specifications we had while adding that the purchase price was a Ministry of Defence confirmed its set. A large number of K9 Thunder have significant factor as well. intention to buy K9 Thunder artillery 2 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 1/2018 ARTILLERY FOR NORWAY from South Korea. Finland will buy a Korean army. Estonia is planning to buy its K9 THUNDER SELF- total of 48 second-hand units from the K9s in collaboration with Finland, and the PROPELLED ARTILLERY South Korean Army, at a total cost of some Estonians had the possibility to tap into SPECIFICATIONS 155 million USD. ( Finland also holds an the in-depth preparatory work done by option for another 48 units). The Korean Finland. Place of origin: South Korea artillery systems will likely replace elderly, A spokesman for the Estonian Designer: Samsung Techwin, Agency for Defence Development Soviet-made artillery systems in the Finn- Army points out that the use of similar Designed 1989–1998 ish Army. artillery by several countries in the region Unit cost: Estimated: $3.9 million From the Norwegian Ministry creates good possibilities for using each Produced: 1999–present of Defence comes the confirmation that other’s maintenance and training capa- Weight: 47 tonnes Length: 12 m Norway will be looking into the possi- bilities, and also makes easier the manu- Width: 3.4 m bilities of a closer collaboration with facturing and certification of ammunition Height: 2.73 m Finland on the artillery side. With Norway for weapons that are to be used under Crew: 5 (Commander, Driver, and Finland now procuring materiel that is similar conditions. Gunner, 2 Loaders) Main armament: 155mm howitzer (Cal 52) to all intents and purposes identical, there If the purchase is made, the first Secondary armament: 12.7 mm will be opportunities for co-operation units are expected to arrive in Estonia in (.50 calibre) K6 HMG within all the usual fields of training and 2021, the last ones by 2026. The Estonian Engine: MTU MT 881- diesel engine, 1000 hp exercise, logistics and spare parts, main- Army expects to operate their K9s for at Power/weight: 21 hp/ton Operational range: 480 km tenance and whatever future upgrades may least 30 years to come. Speed: 67 km/h lie ahead. In addition, the offer includes an Maximum climbing slope: 60% option for the purchase of eight to 12 more (31 degree) K9 Thunder for Estonia K9 howitzers. Maximum firing range: 30,000 m (HE) The Estonian government has confirmed The price is confidential and will 38,000 m (DP-ICM base-bleed) the receipt of an offer for 18 K9 Thunder only be published once an agreement is 41,600 m (K307 Drag reduction howitzers from the government of South signed. According to open sources, the Extended range full-bore base-bleed) Korea. The 12 howitzers offered have agreement is expected to be signed in first 52–56,000 m (K315 BB+RAP extended range) seen some use, though little, in the South half of 2018. K9 Thunder The K9 Thunder is a South Korean self-propelled 155 mm howitzer developed Export customers by Samsung Techwin for the Republic of Besides Norway, Finland and possibly Korea Armed Forces. It was developed Estonia, several other nations has acquired to supplement and then replace the K55 or shown interest in the K9 Thunder. self-propelled howitzers in South Korean Samsung Techwin sold the K9 service. subsystems to Turkey. Turkey received K9 is an indigenous system of its first batch of the K9 subsystems and an all-welded steel armour construction the license to produce the subsystems which is rated to withstand 14.5 mm domestically in 2004. The domestic armour-piercing rounds, 155 mm shell Turkish self-propelled howitzer was named fragments, and anti-personnel mines. The as T-155 Firtina. Turkey is expected to field unit also supports full CBRN protection. a force of 300 Firtinas by 2011. The main gun on the K9 has the Samsung Techwin has also ability to fire its shells in MRSI mode formed a venture in 2012 with Indian ( Multiple Rounds Simultaneous Impact).