Oklahoma Native Record 23 Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003

Vascular Flora of the Keystone Wildlife Management Area, Creek, Pawnee, and Osage Counties,

Bruce W. Hoagland Amy K. Buthod Oklahoma Biological Survey Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Geography University of Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019 Norman, OK 73019

This paper reports the results of an inventory of the vascular at the Keystone Wildlife Management Area in northeastern Oklahoma. A total of 380 taxa of vascular plants in 254 genera and 79 families were collected. The most species were collected from the families (58), Asteraceae (57), and Fabaceae (30). There were 160 annual and 220 perennial species. Fifty-six species of woody plants were present. A total of 59 exotic species were collected representing 15% of the flora. No species tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory for rarity were found.

______

INTRODUCTION Department of Wildlife Conservation personnel in management of the Keystone Floristic inventories can be Wildlife Management Area (KWMA). undertaken to address a number of research or management objectives. For example, STUDY AREA florisitic inventories are often necessary when analyzing species distributions. Often The KWMA is located along the there are gaps in the known geographic upper reaches of Keystone Lake, which was distribution of species and groups of species, flooded in 1964 (Oklahoma Water so an inventory maybe required in order to Resources Board 1990). Keystone Dam is complete distribution maps. Inventories are situated just below the confluence of the also crucial in plant conservation in order to Cimarron and Rivers, both of locate populations of rare or threatened which flow through KWMA. The KWMA species. Finally, inventories aid land was established in 1973 by the Oklahoma managers in both the protection of sensitive Department of Wildlife Conservation and is species and the location of nuisance species. comprised of over 16,000 acres in Creek, Floristic inventories can be conducted at Osage, and Pawnee Counties (Pennington either the regional or local scale. The 2003). objective of this study was to provide a The KWMA is located within the floristic inventory to aid Oklahoma Subtropical Humid (Cf) climate zone

Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. 24 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003

(Trewartha 1968). Summers are warm reconnaissance. Vouchers for exotic species (mean July temperature = 27.3o C) and were made from naturalized populations humid, and winters are relatively short and only, thus excluding cultivated and mild (mean January temperature = 2.6o C). ornamental plants. Specimens were Mean annual precipitation is 98 cm with processed and a voucher set was deposited periodic severe droughts (Oklahoma at the Robert Bebb Herbarium of the Climatological Survey 2003). University of Oklahoma (OKL) following Physiographically, the study area is located standard curatorial procedures (Bridson in the Osage Plains section of the Central 1992). Manuals used for specimen Lowlands province (Hunt 1974) and within identification included Keys to the Flora of the Eastern Sandstone Cuesta plains of Oklahoma (Waterfall 1969), Flora of the Oklahoma (Curtis and Ham 1979). The Great Plains (Barkley 1986), Shinners & surface geology consists primarily of Mahler’s Illustrated Flora of North Central Pennsylvanian sandstone and shale (Branson (Diggs et al 1999), and Steyermark’s and Johnson 1979). Outcroppings of silty Flora of (Yatsievych 1999). sandstones occur in the eastern portion of Origin and nativity for species was KWMA with sandy, silty shales and determined by reference to Taylor and limestone outcrops in the west (Grieg 1959, Taylor (1991) and the Oakes and Jordan 1959). The soils at Department of Agriculture-Natural KWMA are sandy loams and silt loams. Resources Conservation Service (USDA- Bottomland soils include Yahola very fine NRCS 2003). Nomenclature follows sandy loam and Reinach very sandy loam. USDA-NRCS (2003). Uplands soils are steep to gently rolling and consist primarily of the Eufaula loamy fine RESULTS AND DISCUSSION sand (Oakes 1959). The predominant potential vegetation types are post oak- A total of 380 taxa of vascular plants blackjack and bottomland forests (Duck and in 254 genera and 79 families were Fletcher 1943). However, much of the collected. Among the angiosperms, 294 bottomland forest area has been converted to were dicots and 83 were monocots. In agriculture and is now actively cultivated or addition, there were two ferns, and one in old-fields. Upland forests have been gymnosperm. The Poaceae (58), Asteraceae heavily modified as well. (57), and Fabaceae (30) had the greatest numbers of species. The genera Polygonum METHODS (8), Quercus (7), Carex (6), Desmodium (6), and Eragrostis (6) contained the greatest Collections were also made numbers of species. There were 160 annual randomly throughout the KWMA from and 220 perennial species. Fifty-six species March through October 2002. Sixteen were woody plants, 30 of which were trees, collection sites were established to represent 11 shrubs, and 15 vines. the greatest variety of habitats for intensive Fifteen percent of the flora was floristic sampling. Sites were selected exotic. A total of 59 exotic species were following a review of U. S. Geological collected in 20 families. The greatest Survey 1:24,000 topographic maps and field numbers of exotic species were in the Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 25 Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003 Poaceae (12) and Fabaceae (8). These In: Johnson, K.S., et al., eds. families also had the greatest number of Geology and earth resources of exotic species at the Chickasaw National Oklahoma. Norman, OK: Oklahoma Recreation Area (Hoagland and Johnson Geological Survey. 2001). In that study, 12% of the flora was Diggs, George M., Barney L. Lipscomb, and composed of exotic species. Six of the eight Robert J. O’Kennon. 1999. species reported in the Caryophyllaceae Shinners and Mahler’s illustrated were exotic, the highest ratio for any family. flora of North Central Texas. Fort The greatest number of introduced species Worth, TX: Botanical Research was in the Bromus (4). No species Institute of Texas and Austin tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage College. Inventory for rarity were encountered. Duck, L.G., and J.B. Fletcher. 1943. Game type map of Oklahoma. Oklahoma ACKNOWLEDGMENTS City, OK: Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. I express my sincere gratitude to my Grieg, Paul B. 1959. Geology of Pawnee major advisor, Dr. Ronald J. Tyrl for his County, Oklahoma. Norman, OK: invaluable guidance, encouragement, Oklahoma Geological Survey. honesty, and friendship. I thank my other Hoagland, B.W. and F.L. Johnson. 2001. committee members, Dr. Paul Buck and Dr. Vascular flora of the Chickasaw Rahmona Thompson for their assistance National Recreation Area, Murray with my project. Thanks also goes to The County, Oklahoma. Castanea 66: Nature Conservancy and Nora Jones. 383-400. Finally, I thank the personnel of the Hunt, C.B. 1974. Natural regions of the Department, the NABS lab, and Lou Edith United States and Canada. San Hara for their assistance. Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman. Oakes, H. 1959. Soil survey of Creek LITERATURE CITED County, Oklahoma. United States Barkley, T. M. (ed.) 1986. Flora of the Department of Agriculture. Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: Oakes, M.C. and L. Jordan. 1959. Geology University Press of . of Creek County. Norman, OK: Branson, C.C., and K.S. Johnson. 1979. Oklahoma Geological Survey. Generalized geologic map of Oklahoma Climatological Survey. 2003. Oklahoma. In: Johnson K.S., et al., Oklahoma climatological data. editors. Geology and earth resources (http://www.ocs.ou.edu/). of Oklahoma. Norman, OK: Oklahoma Water Resources Board. 1990. Oklahoma Geological Survey. Oklahoma water atlas. Oklahoma Bridson, D. M. 1992. The herbarium Water Resources Publication 135. handbook. Royal Botanical Gardens Oklahoma City, OK at Kew, England. Pennington, Jeff. 2003. Keystone wildlife Curtis, N. M. and W. E. Ham. 1979. management area. Geomorphic provinces of Oklahoma. www.wildlifedepartment.com/keysto Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. 26 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003

ne.htm, Oklahoma Department of USDA-NRCS 2003. The PLANTS database. Wildlife Conservation. (http://plants.usda.gov/plants). Taylor, R. John, and Constance E. S. Taylor. National Plant Data Center, Baton 1991. An annotated list of the ferns, Rouge, LA fern allies, gymnosperms, and Waterfall, U. T. 1969. Keys to the flora of flowering plants of Oklahoma. Oklahoma. 4th ed. Stillwater, OK: [Published by the authors at [Published by the author]. Southeastern Oklahoma State Yatsievych, George. 1999. Steyermark’s University. flora of Missouri, Vol. 1, rev. ed. St. Trewartha, G. T. 1968. An introduction to Louis, MO: Missouri Department of climate. 4th ed. New York: McGraw- Conservation in cooperation with the Hill. Missouri Botanical Garden Press.

Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 27 Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003 Keystone Wildlife Management Area Annotated Species List

Growth habit is designated as F; forb, G; graminoid, H; herb, S; shrub, T; tree, and V; woody vine. Life history is designated as A; annual/biennial or P; perennial. Origin is noted as N; native or I; introduced.

Pteridophyta (Ferns and allies) Carex bushii Mackenzie Bush’s sedge; G, P, N Aspleniaceae Carex caroliniana Schwein. Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P. Carolina sedge; G, P, N ebony spleenwort; F or H, P, N Carex leavenworthii Dewey Dryopteridaceae Leavenworth’s sedge; G, P, N Woodsida obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. Cyperus croceus Vahl bluntlobe cliff fern; F or H, P, N Baldwin’s flatsedge; G, P, N Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood Coniferophyta (Gymnosperms) Globe flatsedge; G, P, N Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Cupressaceae redroot flatsedge; G, P, N Juniperus virginiana L. Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks eastern redcedar; T, P, N Great Plains flatsedge; G, P, N Cyperus setigerus Torr. & Hook. Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms) lean flatsedge; G, P, N Eleocharis engelmannii Steud. Monocotyledonae Engelmann’s spikerush; G, P, N Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl Araceae hairy fimbry; G, P, N Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott Iridaceae green dragon; F or H, P, N Sisyrinchium angustifolium P. Mill. Alistmataceae narrowleaf blue-eyed grass; Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schlect. F or H, P, N giant arrowhead; F or H, P, I Juncaceae Commelinaceae Juncus brachyphyllus Wieg. Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. tuftedstem rush; G, P, N bluejacket; F or H, P, N Juncus dudleyi Wieg. Cyperaceae Dudley’s rush; G, P, N Carex albicans Willd. Ex Spreng. Juncus marginatus Rostk. whitetinge sedge; G, P, N grassleaf rush; G, P, N Carex amphibola Steud. Liliaceae eastern narrowleaf sedge; G, P, N Allium perdulce S.V. Fraser Carex brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie plains ; F or H, P, N shortbeak sedge; G, P, N Erythronium sp. L.

Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. 28 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003

troutlily; F or H, P, N softleaf rosette grass; G, P, N Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J. A. Schultes) Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt. Gould var. oligosanthes crowpoison; F or H, P, N Heller’s rosette grass; G, P, N Poaceae Dichanthelium scoparium Lam. (Gould) Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. velvet panicum; G, P, N winter bentgrass; G, P, N Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. hairy crabgrass; G, A, N Carolina foxtail; G, A, N Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Andropogon gerardii Vitman barnyardgrass; G, A, I big bluestem; G, P, N Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Andropogon ternarius Michx. Indian goosegrass; G, A, I splitbeard bluestem; G, P, N Elymus virginicus L. Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steud.) A.S. Hitchc. wildrye; G, P, N Texas grama; G, P, N Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau Bromus catharticus Vahl Mediterranean lovegrass; G, A, I rescuegrass; G, A, I Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees Bromus hordeaceus L. bigtop lovegrass; G, P, N soft brome; G, P, I Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr. Indian lovegrass; G, A, N Japanese brome; G, A, I Eragrostis secundiflora J. Pesl Bromus tectorum L. red lovegrass; G, P, N cheatgrass; G, A, I Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. purple lovegrass; G, P, N buffalograss; G, P, N Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood Cenchrus spinifex Cav. sand lovegrass; G, P, N coastal sandbur; G, P, N Eriochloa contracta A.S. Hitchc. Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates prairie cupgrass; G, A, N Indian woodoats; G, P, N Gymnopogon ambiguous (Michx.) B.S.P. Chloris verticillata Nutt. bearded skeletongrass; G, P, N tumble windmill grass; G, P, N Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Coelorachis cylindrica (Michx.) Nash little barley; G, A, N cylinder jointtail grass; G, P, N Leersia virginica Willd. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. whitegrass; G, P, N Bermudagrass; G, P, I Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Malabar sprangletop; G, P, N Gould & C.A. Clark Leptochloa panacea (Retz.) Ohwi ssp. needleleaf rosette grass; G, P, N mucronata (Michx.) Nowack Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & mucronate sprangletop; G, A, N C.A. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Freckmann western panicgrass; Darbyshire G, P, N tall fescue; G, P, I Dichanthelium malacophyllum Nash (Gould) Lolium perenne L. Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 29 Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003 perennial ryegrass; G, P, I Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern. Smilacaceae wirestem muhly; G, P, N Smilax bona-nox L. Muhlenbergia sobolifera saw greenbriar; S, SS, V, P, N (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. Smilax rotundifolia L. rock muhly; G, P, N roundleaf greenbriar; S, SS, V, P, N Neeragrostis reptans (Michx.) Nicora creeping lovegrass; G, A, N Dicotyledonae Panicum anceps Michx. beaked panicgrass; G, P, N Acanthaceae Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. Philadelphia panicgrass; G, A, N branched foldwing; F or H, A, N Panicum virgatum L. Ruellia humilis Nutt. switchgrass; G, P, N fringeleaf wild petunia; F or H, P, N Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. Ruellia strepens L. hairyseed paspalum; G, P, N limestone wild petunia; F or H, P, N Paspalum setaceum Michx. Aceraceae thin paspalum; G, P, N Acer negundo L. annua L. boxelder; T, P, N annual bluegrass; G, A, I Acer saccharinum L. Poa arachnifera Torr. silvermaple; T, P, N Texas bluegrass; G, P, N L. Amaranthaceae bluegrass; G, P, I Amaranthus rudis Sauer Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. tall amaranth; F or H, A, N Tumblegrass; G, P, N Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash plains snakecotton; F or H, A, N little bluestem; G, P, N Froelichia gracilis (Hook.) Moq. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. slender snakecotton; F or H, A, N Schultes Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. yellow bristlegrass; G, A, I Juda’s bush; F or H, P, N Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Anacardiaceae Indiangrass; G, P, N Rhus aromatica Ait. Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. fragrant sumac; S, P, N Johnsongrass; G, P, I Rhus copallinum L. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. flameleaf sumac; T, S, P, N prairie wedgescale; G, P, N Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Tridens flavus (L.) A.S. Hitchc. eastern poison ivy; S, SS, V, P, N purpletop tridens; G, P, N Apiaceae Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. Ammoselinum popei Torr. & Gray eastern gamagrass; G, P, N plains sandparsley; F or H, A, N Vulpia sciurea (Nutt.) Henr. Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. squirreltail fescue; G, A, N Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. 30 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003

hairyfruit chervil; F or H, A, N Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Cicuta maculata L. white sagebrush; F or H, P, N spotted water hemlock; F or H, P, N Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Daucus pusillus Michx. Robins. American wild carrot; F or H, A, N white snakeroot; F or H, P, N Eryngium leavenworthii Torr. & Gray Antennaria parlinii Fern. Leavenworth’s eryngo; F or H, A, N Parlin’s pussytoes; F or H, P, N Polytaenia nuttallii DC. Bidens bipinnata L. Nuttall’s prairie parsley; F or H, P, N Spanish needles;F OR H, A, N Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt. Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners laceflower; F or H, A, N false boneset; F or H, P, N Sanicula canadensis L. Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. Canadian blacksnakeroot; soft goldenaster; F or H, A, N F or H, P, N Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill Spermolepis divaricata (Walt). Raf. ex Ser. tall thistle; F or H, P, N roughfruit scaleseed; F or H, A, N Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt. ex DC. Canadian horseweed; F or H, A, N whitenymph; F or H, A, N Coreposis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link largeflower tickseed; F or H, P, N spreading hedgeparsley; F or, H, A, I Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Apocynaceae golden tickseed; F or H, A, N Apocynum cannabinum L. Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. Indianhemp; F or H, P, N clasping coneflower; F or H, A, N Aristolochiaceae Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Aristolochia tomentosa Sims false daisy; F or H, A, N wooly dutchman’s pipe; V, P, N Elephantopus carolinianus Asclepiadaceae Raeusch.Carolina elephantsfoot; Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. F or H, P, N clasping milkweed; F or H, P, N Erigeron tenuis Torr. & Gray Asclepias tuberosa L. slenderleaf fleabane; F or H, P, N butterfly milkweed; F or H, P, N Eupatorium altissimum L. Asclepias viridis Walt. tall thoroughwort; F or H, P, N green antelope horn; F or H, P, N Eupatorium serotinum Michx. Asteraceae lateflowering thoroughwort; Achillea millefolium L. F or H, P, N common yarrow; F or H, P, N Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. firewheel; F or H, A, N annual ragweed; F or H, A, N Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera Ambrosia trifida L. spoonleaf purple everlasting; great ragweed; F or H, A, N F or H, P, N Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. Grindelia papposa Nesom & Suh prairie broomweed; F or H, A, N Spanish gold; F or H, A, N Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 31 Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003 Yellowdicks; F or H, A, N blackeyed Susan; F or H, P, N Helianthus annuus L. Solidago gigantea Ait. common sunflower; F or H, A, N giant goldenrod; F or H, P, N Helianthus hirsutus Raf. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill hairy sunflower; F or H, P, N spiny sowthistle; F or H, A, I Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindl.) Maximilian sunflower; F or H, P, N Nesom Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. Drummond’s aster; F or H, P, N prairie sunflower; F or H, A, N Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom Helianthus tuberosus L. white heath aster; F or H, P, N Jerusalem artichoke; F or H, P, N Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Nesom Rusby skyblue aster; F or H, P, N camphorweed; F or H, A, N Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom Hieracium longipilum Torr. late purple aster; F or H, P, N hairy hawkweed; F or H, P, N Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) Chambers Nesom weedy dwarfdandelion; F or H, A, N eastern annual saltmarsh aster; F or Lactuca canadensis L. H, A, N Canada lettuce; F or H, A, N Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. Wiggers woodland lettuce; F or H, A, N common dandelion; F or H, P, I Liatris aspera Michx. Thelesperma ambiguum Gray tall blazingstar; F or H, P, N Colorado greenthread; F or H, P, N Liatris punctata Hook. Thelesperma filifolium (Hook.) Gray dotted blazingstar; F or H, P, N stiff greenthread; F or H, P, N Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small Tragopogon dubius Scop. stiff goldenrod; F or H, P, N yellow salsify; F or H, A, I Parthenium hysterophorus L. Verbesina virginica L. Santia Maria feverfew; F or H, A, I white crownbeard; Plucea odorata (L.) Cass. F or H, P, N sweetscent; F or H, A, N Vernonia baldwinii Torr. Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Baldwin’s ironweed; F or H, P, N Hilliard & Burtt Xanthium strumarium L. rabbittobacco; F or H, A, N rough cocklebur; F or H, A, N Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC. Bignoniaceae Carolina desert-chicory; F or H, A, Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau N trumpet creeper; V, P, N Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Boraginaceae Woot. & Standl. Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston upright prairie coneflower; corn gromwell; F or H, A, I F or H, P, N Heliotropium curassavicum L. Rudbeckia hirta L. Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. 32 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003

salt heliotrope; F or H, A, N sticky chickweed; F or H, A, I Heliotropium indicum L. Dianthus armeria L. Indian heliotrope; F or H, A, I Deptford pink; F or H, A, I Brassicaceae Holosteum umbellatum L. Arabis canadensis L. jagged chickweed; F or H, A, I sicklepod; F or H, B, N Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torr. & Gray Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. trailing pearlwort; F or H, A, N shepherd’s purse; F or H, A, I Scleranthus annuus L. Cardamine parviflora L. German knotgrass; F or H, A, I sand bittercress; F or H, A, N Silene antirrhina L. Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray sleepy silene; F or H, A, N shortpod draba; F or H, A, N Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. common chickweed; F or H, A, I Carolina draba; F or H, A, N Celastraceae Erysimum repandum L. Celastrus scandens L. spreading wallflower; F or H, A, I American bittersweet; V, P, N Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Chenopodiaceae common pepperweed; F or H, A, N Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Lepidium virginicum L. Mexican tea; F or H, A, I Virginia pepperwood; F or H, A, N Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex Rorippa palustris (L.) S. Wats. narrowleaf goosefoot; bog yellowcress; F or H, A, N F or H, A, N Selenia aurea Nutt. Cistaceae golden selenia; F or H, A, N Lechea mucronata Raf. Cactaceae hairy pinweed; F or H, P, N Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. Lechea tenuifolia Michx. twistspine pricklypear; S, P, N narrowleaf pinweed; F or H, P, N Campanulaceae Clusiaceae Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Hypericum punctatum Lam. clasping Venus’ looking-glass; spotted St. Johnswort; F or H, P, N F or H, A, N Convolvulaceae Caprifoliaceae Convolvulus arvensis L. Lonicera japonica Thunb. field bindweed; F or H, P, I Japanese honeysuckle; V, P, I Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench ivyleaf morning-glory; F or H, A, I coralberry; S, P, N Ipomoea lacunosa L. Viburnum rufidulum Raf. whitestar; F or H, A, N rusty blackhaw; T, S, P, N Cornaceae Caryophyllaceae Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. roughleaf dogwood; T, S, P, N thymeleaf sandwort; ; F or H, A, I Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Melothria pendula L.

Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 33 Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003 Guadeloupe cucumber; F or H, P, N Tragia betonicifolia Nutt. angulatus L. betonyleaf noseburn; F or H, P, N oneseed burr cucumber; Fabaceae F or H, A, N Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Ebenaceae silktree; T, S, P, I Diospyros virginiana L. Amorpha canescens Pursh common persimmon; T, P, N leadplant; SS, S, P, N Amorpha fruticosa L. monococca (Engelm. ex Gray) L. desert false indigo; S, P, N Mill. & Gandhi Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene slender threeseed mercury; sleeping plant; F or H, A, N F or H, A, N Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell white prairie clover; F or H, P, N pineland threeseed mercury; Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex F or H, A, N B.L. Robins. & Fern. Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. prairie bundleflower; F or H, P, N Virginia threeseed mercury; Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. F or H, A, N hairy smallleaf ticktrefoil; Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small F or H, P, N spotted sandmat; F or H, A, N Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small smooth ticktrefoil; F or H, P, N eyebane; F or H, A, N Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small nakedflower ticktrefoil; F or H, P, N matted sandmat; F or H, A, N Desmodium obtusum Cnidoscolus texanus (Muell.-Arg.) Small (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. Texas bullnettle; F or H, P, N stiff ticktrefoil; F or H, P, N Croton glandulosus L. Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. vente conmigo; F or H, A, N panicledleaf ticktrefoil; F or H, P, N Croton monanthogynus Michx. Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) prairie tea; F or H, A, N Torr. & Gray Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg. sessileleaf ticktrefoil; F or H, P, N Texas croton; F or H, A, N Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. downy milkpea; F or H, P, N fire on the mountain; F or H, A, N Gleditsia triacanthos L. Euphorbia dentata Michx. honeylocust; T, S, P, N toothed spurge; F or H, A, N, Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Euphorbia hexagona Nutt. ex Spreng. Kentucky coffeetree; T, P, N sixangle spurge; F or H, A, N Lathyrus hirsutus L. Euphorbia marginata Pursh Caley pea; F or H, A, I snow on the mountain; F or H, A, N Lathyrus pusilllus Ell. Stillingia sylvatica Garden ex L. tiny pea; F or H, A, N queen’s-delight; F or H, P, N Lespedeza capitata Michx. roundhead lespedeza; F or H, P, N Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. 34 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003

Lespedeza stuevei Nutt. Gentianaceae tall lespedeza; F or H, P, N Sabatia campestris Nutt. Medicago lupulina L. Texas star; F or H, A, N black medick; F or H, P, I Geraniaceae Medicago sativa L. Geranium carolinianum L. alfalfa; F or H, P, I Carolina geranium; F or H, A, B, N Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Geranium molle L. yellow sweetclover; F or H, A, I dovefoot geranium; F or H, A, I Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. Hydrophyllaceae slimflower scurfpea; F or H, P, N Phacelia strictiflora (Engelm. & Gray) Gray Robinia pseudoacacia L. prairie phacelia; F or H, A, N black locust; T, P, N Juglandaceae Strophostyles helvula (L.) Ell. Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell. trailing fuzzybean; F or H, A, N mockerknut hickory; T, P, N Trifolium arvense L. Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch rabbitfoot clover; F or H, A, I pecan; T, P, N Trifolium campestre Schreb. Carya texana Buckl. field clover; F or H, A, I black hickory; T, P, N Trifolium vesiculosum Savi Juglans nigra L. arrowleaf clover; F or H, A, I black walnut; T, P, N Vicia sativa L. Lamiaceae golden vetch; V, F or H, A, I Hedeoma hispida Pursh Vicia villosa Roth rough false pennyroyal; F or H, A, N winter vetch: V, F or H, A, I Lamium amplexicaule L. Fagaceae henbit deadnettle; F or H, A, I Quercus falcata Michx. Lamium purpureum L. southern red oak; T, P, N purple deadnettle; F or H, A, I Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Monarda fistulosa L. bur oak; T, S, P, N wild bergamot; F or H, P, N Quercus marilandica Muench. Monarda punctata L. blackjack oak; T, S, P, N spotted beebalm; F or H, A, N Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. Salvia azurea Michx. ex Lam. chinkapin oak; T, P, N azure blue sage; F or H, P, N Quercus shumardii Buckl. Teucrium canadense L. Shumard’s oak; T, S, P, N Canada germander; F or H, P, N Quercus stellata Wangenh. Lythraceae post oak; T, P, N Ammannia coccinea Rottb. Quercus velutina Lam. valley redstem; F or H, A, N black oak; T, P, N Lythrum alatum Pursh Fumariaceae winged lythrum; F or H, P, N Corydalis micrantha Malvaceae (Engelm. Ex Gray) Gray Abutilon theophrasti Medik. smallflower fumewort; F or H, A, N Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 35 Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003 velvetleaf; F or H, A, I common yellow oxalis; F or H, P, N Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray Oxalis violacea L. light poppymallow; F or H, P, N violet wood sorrel; F or H, P, N Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) Gray Passifloraceae purple poppymallow; F or H, P, N Passiflora incarnata L. Sida spinosa L. purple passionflower; F or H, P, N prickly fanpetals; F or H, A, N Passiflora lutea L. yellow passionflower; F or H, P, N Menipsermaceae Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Phytolaccaceae Carolina coralbead; V, S, P, N Phytolacca americana L. Molluginaceae American pokeweed; F or H, P, N Mollugo verticillata L. Plantaginaceae green carpetweed; F or H, A, N Plantago aristata Michx. Moraceae largebracted plantain; F or H, A, N Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid. Plantago patagonica Jacq. osage orange; T, S, P, N woolly plantain; F or H, A, N Morus alba L. Plantago rhodosperma Dcne. white mulberry; T, S, P, I redseed plantain; F or H, A, N Nyctaginaceae Plantago rugelii Dcne. Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. blackseed plantain; F or H, P, N heartleaf four o’clock; F or H, P, N Platanaceae Oleaceae Platanus occidentalis L. Fraxinus americana L. American sycamore; T, P, N white ash; T, P, N Polemoniaceae Onagraceae Phlox pilosa L. Gaura longiflora Spach downy phlox; F or H, P, N longflower beeblossom; F or H, A, N Polygalaceae Gaura mollis James Polygala incarnata L. velvetweed; F or H, A, N procession flower; F or H, A, N Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) Raven Polygonaceae floating primrosewillow; F or H, P, Polygonum amphibium L. N water knotweed; F or H, P, N Oenothera jamesii Torr. & Gray Polygonum aviculare L. trumpet evening primrose; prostrate knotweed; F or H, A, I F or H, P, N Polygonum lapathifolium L. Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. curlytop knotweed; F or H, A, N ex Torr. & Gray Polygonum persicaria L. fourpoint evening primrose; spotted ladysthumb; F or H, A, N F or H, P, N Polygonum punctatum Ell. Oxalidaceae dotted smartweed; F or H, A, N Oxalis stricta L. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx.

Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. 36 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003

bushy knotweed; F or H, A, N Rubiaceae Polygonum scandens L. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. climbing false buckwheat; common buttonbush; T, S, P, N F or H, P, N Diodia teres Walt. Polygonum virginianum L. poorjoe; F or H, A, P, N jumpseed; F or H, P, N Diodia virginiana L. Rumex crispus L. Virginia buttonweed; F or H, A, N curly dock; F or H, P, I Galium aparine L. stickywilly; F or H, A, N Rumex hastatulus Baldw. Galium pilosum Ait. heartwing sorrel; F or H, P, N hairy bedstraw; F or H, P, N Rumex pulcher L. Galium virgatum Nutt. fiddle dock; F or H, P, I southwestern bedstraw; F or H, A, N Portulacaceae Houstonia pusilla Schoepf Claytonia virginica L. tiny bluet; F or H, A, N Virginia springbeauty; F or H, P, N Saliaceae Portulaca oleracea L. Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. little hogweed; F or H, A, N eastern cottonwood; T, P, N Primulaceae Salix nigra Marsh. Androsace occidentalis Pursh black willow; T, P, N western rockjasmine; F or H, A, N Sapindaceae Ranunculuaceae Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Delphinium carolinianum Walt. love in a puff; F or H, A, N Carolina larkspur; F or H, P, N Sapindus saponaria L. var. drummondii Myosurus minimus L. (Hook. & Arn.) L. Benson tiny mousetail; F or H, A, N western soapberry; T, S, P, N Ranunculus abortivus L. Sapotaceae littleaf buttercup; F or H, P, N Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. Ranunculus sceleratus L. gumbully; T, S, P, N cursed buttercup; F or H, A, N Scrophulariaceae Rosaceae Castilleja indivisa Engelm. Geum canadense Jacq. entireleaf Indian paintbrush; white avens; F or H, P, N F or H, A, N Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. Chickasaw plum; T, S, P, N narrowleaf paleseed; F or H, A, N Prunus mexicana S. Wats. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell Mexican plum; T, S, P, N yellowseed false pimpernel; Prunus serotina Ehrh. F or H, A, N black cherry; T, S, P, N Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton Rubus trivialis Michx. Texas toadflax; F or H, A, N southern dewberry; S, V, P, N Scrophularia marilandica L. carpenter’s square; F or H, P, N

Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 37 Volume 3, Number 1, December 2003 Verbascum thapsus L. beaked cornsalad; F or H, A, N common mullein; F or H, B, I Verbenaceae Veronica polita Fries Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. gray field speedwell; F or H, A, I rose mock vervain; F or H, P, N Solanaceae Glandularia pumila (Rydb.) Umber Physalis angulata L. pink mock vervain; F or H, A, N cutleaf groundcherry; F or H, A, N Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Physalis heterophylla Nees turkey tangle fogfruit; F or H, P, N clammy groundcherry; F or H, P, N Verbena stricta Vent. Solanum carolinense L. hoary verbena; F or H, P, N Carolina horsenettle; F or H, P, N Verbena urticifolia L. Solanum dimidiatum Raf. white vervain; F or H, P, N western horsenettle; F or H, P, N Violaceae Solanum elaegnifolium Cav. Viola affinis Le Conte silverleaf nightshade; F or H, P, N sand violet; F or H, P, N Solanum ptychanthum Dunal Viola bicolor Pursh West Indian nightshade; F or H,A,N field pansy; F or H, A, N Solanum rostratum Dunal buffalobur nightshade; F or H, A, N cordata Michx. Tamaricaceae heartleaf peppervine; V, P, N Tamarix chinensis Lour. trifoliata (L.) L. fivestamen tamarisk; T, S, P, I sorrelvine: V, SS, P, N Ulmaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Celtis laevigata Willd. Virginia creeper; V, P, N sugarberry; T, S, P, N Vitis cinera (Engelm.) Millard Ulmus americana L. graybark grape; V, P, N American elm; T, P, N Vitis riparia Michx. Ulmus rubra Muhl. riverbank grape; V, P, N slippery elm; T, P, N Vitis vulpina L. Urticaceae frost grape; V, P, N Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell Zygophyllaceae Canadian woodnettle; F or H, P, N Tribulus terrestris L. Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. puncturevine; F or H, A, I Pennyslvania pellitory; F or H, A, N Valerianaceae Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr.

Hoagland, B.W. and Buthod, A.K.