Status of Wine-grape Vines as on 31 December 2015

Bonita Floris-Samuels tel: +27 21 807 5711 e-mail: [email protected]

Nadine Uren tel: +27 21 807 5707 e-mail: [email protected]

Statistics i.r.o. South African wine grape vineyards over the past 10 years (2005 – 2015)

Contents

1 Overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3

Figure 1: Total surface planted to wine grape vineyards in the industry.………………………………………………………………………3

Figure 2: Distribution of wine grape vineyards as a percentage (%) per wine region (2015)…………………………………………5

Figure 3: Percentage (%) white and red wine grape vineyard hectares per wine region (2015).…………………………………5

Figure 4: Percentage (%) white and red wine grape vineyard hectares Industry.….………………………………………………………6

Figure 5: Surface i.r.o. most planted red varieties in the industry (2005 - 2015).…………………………………………………………7

Figure 6: Surface i.r.o. most planted white varieties in the industry (2005 - 2015)………………………………………………………7

Figure 7: Plantings and uprooting i.r.o. red and white wine grape vineyards in the industry (2010 - 2015)…………………7

Figure 8: Age distribution of white and red wine grape vineyards (2011 & 2015).…………………………………………………………8

Figure 9: Age of vines per red variety for 2015 ……………………………..……...………………………………….…………...………………..10

Figure 10: Age of vines per white variety for 2015.……………………………………...…………………………………………………….……...10

Figure 11: Age by vines per Breedekloof, Little Karoo, Worcester and Robertson………………………………….…………………..11

Figure 12: Age by vines per Swartland, Paarl and Stellenbosch……...…………………………………………………………………………..11

Figure 13: Age by vines per Olifants River and Northern Cape.……...…………………………………………………………………………..12

Table 1: Plantings of selected wine grape varieties for 2005 and 2015.…………………………………………………………………………4

Table 2: Distribution of wine grape vineyard (red & white) per wine region as a percentage (%) and hectares of the total SA wine grape vineyard surface (2005 - 2015)………………………………………………………………………………5

Table 3: Red and white wine grape vineyard distribution per wine region as a percentage (%) of the surface in each wine region (2005 and 2015) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6

Table 4: Surface i.r.o. most planted varieties in the industry (2005 and 2015).……………………………………………………………6

Table 5: Age distribution of vines per wine region per variety group for 2015 - % (Excluding Sultana) ………………………9

Table 6: Replacement per hectares per wine region at an annual rate of 5% - 2015 (Excluding Sultana).………………….12

2 Hectares in wine regions according to Wine of origin Scheme…………………………………………………………………….…………...13

3 Rootstock………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….14

4 Net change of hectares per wine region……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...16

2 1 Overview

Total hectares for 2015 stand at 98 597 ha compared to 99 463 ha in 2014. This represents a decrease of 866 ha. Until 2006 the total surface showed an annual increase; since then a steady decrease totaling 3 549 ha.

Varieties remained relatively constant (Table 1). Chenin blanc and Colombar remain overall the most planted white varieties, followed by Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz as the most planted red varieties.

For the period 2005—2015 the vineyard area as a percentage of the total area increased in Robertson, Breedekloof and Worcester regions, while decreasing in the Paarl, Swartland and Stellenbosch regions (Table 2). Over the past 10 years there was no significant change in the hectare percentage white and red wine grapes in the various regions (Figure 4).

Regarding individual wine grape varieties, Chenin blanc represented 18.8% of the total wine surface in 2005, Colombar 11.2%, Cabernet Sauvignon 13.4%, Pinotage 6.4%, Chardonnay 7.8%, Shiraz 9.6%, Sauvignon blanc 7.5%, followed by the varieties detailed in Table 4. In 2015 Chenin blanc decreased to 18.2%. Sauvignon blanc and Shiraz increased significantly over this period, as well as lesser planted varieties such as Pinot Noir, Nouvelle, Mouvedre, Pinot Gris, Grenache (Red) and Villard blanc.

As mentioned before a great concern is that since 2005 the industry has not been able to replace an annual 5%, about 5 000 ha, of existing vineyards. A life span of 20 years serves as guideline, but according to role players this is especially with regard to red varieties not attainable and a life span of 15 years is considered to be more realistic. Figure 8 and Table 5 gives an overview of the situation. Notwithstanding this concern, the industry is able to produce large to record crops through improved and adjusted viticultural practices.

Ramsey is the only rootstock showing an upward planting trend in most regions, especially in Breedekloof, Olifants River, Robertson and Worcester regions.

Total surface planted to wine grape vineyards Industry

103000 102 146 101 957 102000 101 607 101 325101 259 101 016 101000 100 568 100 093 100000 99 680 99 463

Hectares 99000 98 597

98000

97000

96000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Figure 1: Total surface planted to wine grape vineyards in the industry

3 NO VARIETY 2005 2015 NO VARIETY 2005 2015 1 CHENIN BLANC 19053.49 17964.82 52 ZINFANDEL 34.91 24.33 2 COLOMBAR 11429.46 11839.09 53 NEBBIOLO 14.33 20.65 3 CABERNET SAUV 13572.19 11170.39 54 MARSANNE 0 17.63 4 SHIRAZ (SYRAH) 9793.81 10347.14 55 HARSLEVELU 106.76 16.31 5 SAUVIGNON BLNC 7661.22 9262.57 56 RAISIN BLANC 141.35 15.66 6 PINOTAGE 6493.47 7364.33 57 WINEGRAPE VARIET 19.48 15.61 7 CHARDONNAY 7926.99 7061.19 58 TINTA AMARELLA 0.91 15.05 8 MERLOT 6941.74 5938.53 59 MEUNIER 4.13 13.89 9 RUBY CABERNET 2648.14 2406.01 60 GRASA DE COTNARI 0 12.5 10 MUSCAT D'ALEXAND 2638.98 1904.43 61 GAMAY NOIR 28.6 11.62 11 CINSAUT 2821.53 1863.47 62 MUSCAT OTTONEL 18.57 11.44 12 SEMILLON 1071.89 1151.7 63 HANEPOOT(RED) 2.97 10.34 13 PINOT NOIR 535.13 1119.64 64 VIDAL BLANC 0 9.96 14 CABERNET FRANC 965.31 841.78 65 ALVARINHO/ALBARI 0 8.64 15 VIOGNIER 628.9 837.35 66 PINOT BLANC 24.29 8.63 16 MUSCAT DE FRONTI 634.2 821.48 67 CARMENERE 0 8.13 17 PETIT VERDOT 557.57 764.02 68 FLORA 0 8 18 MALBEC 431.55 474.3 69 GRACIANO 0 7.58 19 MOURVEDRE (MATARO) 290.44 462.78 70 CINSAUT BLANC 10.48 6.48 20 NOUVELLE 158.71 429.95 71 VILLARD NOIR 0 6.46 21 MUSCADEL(RED) 307.48 397.23 72 ALICANTE BSCHT 13.05 6.32 22 PINOT GRIS 78.03 345.85 73 KANAAN 44.2 6.08 23 GRENACHE (RED) 67.74 322.24 74 CHAMBOURCIN 0 5.91 24 VILLARD BLANC 7.17 319.2 75 WELDRA 20.43 3.75 25 CROUCHEN 1149.58 317.74 76 GRUNER VELTLINER 0 3.33 26 CLAIRETTE BLCH 412.04 231.47 77 GRENACHE(GRIS) 1.24 3.21 27 ROOBERNET 135.99 222.05 78 TAMIOSA ROMANEAS 0 3.1 28 TINTA BAROCCA 344.38 205.82 79 TOURIGA FRANCA 2.63 2.54 29 UGNI BLANC 73.27 157.15 80 AGIORGITIKO 0 2.49 30 PALOMINO 565.85 155.63 81 GRAND NOIR 0 2.31 31 RIESLING (WEISS) 275.9 154.78 82 BOURBOULENC 2.2 2.2 32 TANNAT 29.42 113.51 83 COLOMINO 5.81 2.1 33 CARIGNAN 72.21 112.8 84 PEDRO (VALSE,PED 7.66 2.08 34 GEWURZTRAMINER 147 110.49 85 SEMILLON(RED) 0 2.07 35 TOURIGA NACIONAL 82.41 105.86 86 VERMINTINO NERO 0 1.63 36 TEMPRANILLO 38.7 96.06 87 CINSAUT GRIS 0 1.5 37 FERNAO PIRES 218.52 91.07 88 TINTA FRANCISC 0.85 1.39 38 DURIF 2.61 85.56 89 PONTAK 6.51 1.29 39 GRENACHE BLANC 33.11 82.89 90 SYLVANER 2.63 1.09 40 THERONA 127.16 75.07 91 CORNIFESTO 1.88 0.98 41 MORIO MUSCAT 23.03 68.74 92 RIESLING TROLL 0 0.81 42 SANGIOVESE 58.41 68.44 93 NERO D'AVOLA 0 0.61 43 ROUSSANNE 2.89 62.13 94 BEOGRADSKA CRNA 0 0.18 44 VERDELHO 9.43 60.13 95 SEYVAL BLANC 0 0.09 45 EMERALD RIESLG 195.47 54.16 96 BAST CASTELLO 0.03 0.03 46 BUKETTRAUBE 130.49 53.79 97 GRACHEN 2.51 0 47 SOUZAO 41.84 43.81 98 FURMINT 4.2 0 48 CHENEL 147.31 41.5 99 KERNER 4.49 0 49 BARBERA 39.74 40.09 100 PERRICONE 0.01 0 50 IRSAY OLIVIER 0 37.44 101 SCHONBURGER 0.32 0 51 PORT VARIETY 7.18 33.13 TOTAL 101606.51 98596.8 Table 1: Plantings of selected wine grape varieties for 2005 and 2015

4 2005 2015 Wine regions % of total Ha % of total Ha Stellenbosch 17% 17 524 16% 15 911 Paarl 18% 18 029 16% 15 678 Robertson 13% 13 374 14% 14 264 Swartland 15% 15 329 14% 13 315 Breedekloof 12% 11 941 13% 13 029 Olifants River 10% 9 877 10% 10 263 Worcester 7% 7 619 9% 8 824 Northern Cape 5% 4 947 5% 4 687 Little Karoo 3% 2 966 3% 2 625 Total 100% 101 607 100% 98 597

Breedekloof, Little Karoo, Robertson & Worcester 35% 35 900 39% 38 742 Swartland, Paarl & Stellenbisch 50% 50 882 46% 44 904 Olifants River & Northern Cape 15% 14 824 15% 14 950 Total 100% 101 607 100% 98 597 Table 2: Distribution of wine grape vineyards (red & white) per wine region as a percentage (%) and hectares of the total SA wine grape vineyards surface (2005 - 2015)

Distribution of wine grape vineyards (ha %) per wine region

12% Breedekloof 13%

7% Worcester 9%

17% Stellenbosch 16%

18% Paarl 16%

15% Swartland 14%

13% Robertson 14%

10% Olifants River 10%

5% Northern Cape 5%

3% Little Karoo 3%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%

2005 2015

Figure 2: Distribution of wine grape vineyards as a percentage (%) per wine region (2015)

Percentage (%) i.r.o. white and red wine grape vineyard hectares per wine region (2015)

100% 9% 90% 25% 30% 33% 80% 40% 37%

70% 60% 60% 63%

60% Red

50% 91% 40% 75% 70% 67% 63% White 30% 60%

20% 40% 40% 37%

10%

0%

Figure 3: Percentage (%) white and red wine grape vineyard hectares per wine region (2015)

5 2005 2015 District Red (ha) White (ha) Red (ha) White (ha) Stellenbosch 24% 11% 22% 11% Paarl 22% 14% 21% 12% Robertson 10% 15% 13% 16% Swartland 18% 12% 18% 10% Breedekloof 9% 14% 11% 15% Olifants River 7% 12% 7% 13% Worcester 5% 9% 7% 11% Northern Cape 1% 8% 1% 8% Little Karoo 2% 4% 1% 4% Total 46% 54% 45% 55% Table 3: Red and white wine grape vineyard distribution per wine region as a percentage (%) of the surface in each wine region (2005 and 2015)

Percentage (%) i.r.o. white and red wine grape vineyard hectares Industry

100%

90%

80% 46% 45% 44% 44% 44% 44% 44% 45% 45% 45% 45% 70%

60%

50%

40%

30% 54% 55% 56% 56% 56% 56% 56% 55% 55% 55% 55% 20%

10%

0% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Red White

Figure 4: Percentage (%) white and red wine grape vineyard hectares

2005 2015 Variety Change since Hectares % of total Hectares % of total 2005 (Ha) Chenin blanc 19 053 18.8% 17 965 18.2% -1 089 Cabernet Sauvignon 13 572 13.4% 11 170 11.3% -2 402 Colombar 11 429 11.2% 11 839 12.0% 410 Shiraz (Syrah) 9 794 9.6% 10 347 10.5% 553 Sauvignon blanc 7 661 7.5% 9 263 9.4% 1 601 Chardonnay 7 927 7.8% 7 061 7.2% -866 Merlot 6 942 6.8% 5 939 6.0% -1 003 Pinotage 6 493 6.4% 7 364 7.5% 871 Ruby Cabernet 2 648 2.6% 2 406 2.4% -242 Muscat d'Alexandrie 2 639 2.6% 1 904 1.9% -735 Cinsaut 2 822 2.8% 1 863 1.9% -958 Crouchen (Cape Riesling) 1 150 1.1% 318 0.3% -832 Palomino 566 0.6% 156 0.2% -410 Other 8 911 8.8% 11 001 11.2% 2 091 Total 101 607 100% 98 597 100% -3 010 Table 4: Surface i.r.o. most planted varieties in the industry (2005 and 2015)

6 Surface i.r.o. most planted red varieties (2005 - 2015) Industry

16000

14000

12000

10000

8000 Hectares 6000

4000

2000

0 Cabernet Cinsaut Merlot Pinotage Ruby Cabernet Shiraz Pinot Noir Sauvignon

Figure 5: Surface i.r.o. most planted red varieties in the industry (2005 - 2015)

Surface i.r.o. most planted white varieties (2005 - 2015) Industry

25000

20000

15000 Hectares 10000

5000

0 Semillon Chardonnay Chenin blanc Colombar Viognier Muscat Sauvignon blanc d'Alexandrie Figure 6: Surface i.r.o. most planted white varieties in the industry (2005 - 2015)

Total Plantings and Uprootings (2010 - 2015) Industry

6 000

5 000

4 207 4 002 4 053 4 000 3 724 3 688 3 278 3 270 3 092 3 000 2 888

Hectares 2 528 2 164 2 020 2 000

1 000

- 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total plantings Total uprootings Capital maintenance

Figure 7: Plantings and uprooting i.r.o. red and white grape vineyards in the industry (2010 - 2015)

7 Age distribution (2015) Industry

40% 37%

35%

30% 30% 30% 27%

25% 21% 20%

16% 15% 14%

10% 10% 8% 6%

5%

0% < 4 Years 4 - 10 Years 11 - 15 Years 16 - 20 Years > 20 Years

Red White

Age distribution (2011) Industry

60%

49% 50%

40%

33%

30% 27% 27%

20% 16% 14% 10% 10% 9% 6% 7%

0% < 4 Years 4 - 10 Years 11 - 15 Years 16 - 20 Years > 20 Years

Red White

Figure 8: Age distribution of white and red wine grape vineyards (2015 and 2011)

8 HECTARES IN WINE REGION AS % OF TOTAL TOTAL NORTHERN OLIFANTS SWART- KLEIN ROBERT- STELLEN- WORCES- BREEDE- AGE OF VINES PAARL HECTARES CAPE RIVER LAND KAROO SON BOSCH TER KLOOF < 4 Years 7.9 5.2 6.0 5.2 12.7 4.3 11.1 5.0 12.0 9.9 4 - 10 Years 26.8 19.7 24.2 20.8 26.3 23.6 32.7 22.7 34.5 30.4 11 - 15 Years 21.2 16.0 19.5 24.8 19.9 21.8 23.1 22.8 23.7 18.1 16 - 20 Years 14.4 37.2 13.3 12.9 13.8 11.5 10.6 13.6 11.6 13.5 > 20 Years 29.7 21.8 37.0 36.4 27.4 38.8 22.5 36.0 18.1 28.1 Total white varieties 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

< 4 Years 6.5 5.1 7.9 4.8 7.3 5.6 10.9 3.2 10.9 9.0 4 - 10 Years 15.7 22.1 12.0 11.1 16.9 13.4 22.9 12.7 26.4 20.9 11 - 15 Years 30.4 18.7 24.0 30.1 31.6 35.7 25.1 32.8 29.8 27.0 16 - 20 Years 37.1 42.6 49.2 43.0 35.1 33.8 35.5 35.4 28.2 36.4 > 20 Years 10.3 11.4 7.0 11.0 9.0 11.4 5.7 15.9 4.7 6.7 Total red varieties 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Table 5: Age distribution of vines per region per variety group for 2015 - % (Excluding Sultana)

Age Distribution per Variety

Figures 9 and 10 depicts the age distribution of selected varieties. The predominant age of Cabernet Sauvignon is 16 - 20 years, followed by Shiraz , Pinotage and Merlot with >20 years. Regarding white varieties Chenin blanc and Colombar lead with 4 - 10 years, followed by Sauvignon blanc and Chardonnay with 16 - 20 years.

9 AGE OF VINES PER RED VARIETY FOR 2015

42% between 11 – 15 years 5 000 42% between 16 - 20 years 4 500

4 000 44% between 16 - 20 years < 4 Year 3 500 49% between 16 - 20 years 4 - 10 Year 3 000

11 - 15 Year HECTARES 2 500

16 - 20 Year 2 000

> 20 Year 1 500

1 000

500

0 CABERNET SAUVIGNON MERLOT PINOTAGE SHIRAZ (SYRAH) Figure 9: Age of vines per red variety for 2015

AGE BY VINES PER WHITE VARIETIES FOR 2015

36% between 7 000 > 20 years

6 000

< 4 Year 5 000 4 - 10 Year 32% between > 20 years 11 - 15 Year 4 000 32% between 11 – 15 years

HECTARES 16 - 20 Year 35% between 3 000 11 - 5 years > 20 Year

2 000

1 000

0 CHARDONNAY CHENIN BLANC COLOMBAR SAUVIGNON BLANC Figure 10: Age of vines per white variety for 2015

10 AGE BY VINES PER BREEDEKLOOF, LITTLE KAROO, WORCESTER & ROBERTSON FOR 2015

3000

2500 < 4 Year 4 - 10 Year 2000 11 - 15 Year 16 - 20 Year > 20 Year 1500 HECTARES

1000

500

0

Figure 11: Age by vines per Breedekloof, Little Karoo, Worcester & Robertson for 2015

AGE BY VINES PER SWARTLAND, PAARL & STELLENBOSCH FOR 2015

4000

3500

3000 < 4 Year 2500 4 - 10 Year

2000 11 - 15 Year HECTARES 1500 16 - 20 Year

> 20 Year 1000

500

0

Figure 12: Age by vines per Swartland, Paarl & Stellenbosch for 2015

11 AGE BY VINES PER OLIFANTS RIVER & NOTHERN CAPE FOR 2015

1800

1600

1400

1200 < 4 Year

1000 4 - 10 Year

800

HECTARES 11 - 15 Year

600 16 - 20 Year

400 > 20 Year

200

0

Figure 13: Age of vines per Olifantsriver and Northern Cape for 2015

Replacement of wine-grape vines

The table below confirms the non-replacement of vineyards.

Total Little Olifants Northern Robert- Stellen- Worces- Breede- Swartland Paarl Hectares Karoo River Cape son bosch ter kloof Total white ane red varieties 4929.8 131.3 665.8 513.2 234.3 783.9 713.2 795.5 441.2 651.4 Actual planted 2019.9 58.0 133.0 166.7 181.1 147.7 480.6 163.3 303.8 385.6 Table 6: Replacement per hectares per wine region at an annual rate of 5% - 2015 (Excluding Sultana)

12 2 Hectares in wine regions according to the Wine of Origin Scheme (detail statistics according to WO available on request)

HECTARES ACCORDING TO THE WINE OF ORIGIN SCHEME 2010 -2015 EXCLUDING SULTANA

50 000

45 000 BREEDE RIVER VALLEY

40 000 NO ORIGIN

35 000 CAPE SOUTH COAST 30 000 LITTLE KAROO 25 000

COASTAL REGION 20 000

15 000 OLIFANTS RIVER

10 000

5 000

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Note: Cape South Coast promulgated in 2010. Coastal Region includes Boberg Region.

13 3 Rootstock

The rootstock mentioned below constitutes 89.7% of the total rootstock in the industry in 2015.

Rootstock 101/14 and Richter 110 occur most frequently in the Paarl, Robertson and Stellenbosch regions. Ramsey occurs most frequently in the Breedekloof, Olifants River, Robertson and Worcester regions.

Ramsey shows a continuous upward trend in all regions except Paarl. Richter 99 occurs most frequently in the Swartland region.

ROOTSTOCK RICHTER 101/14 IN WINE REGIONS 15.4% of the total 6000

5000

2010 4000 2011 2012 3000 2013

HECTARES 2014 2015 2000

1000

0

ROOTSTOCK RAMSEY IN WINE REGIONS 15.3% of the total

4000

3500

2011 3000 2012

2500 2013 2014 ECTARES

H 2000 2015

1500

1000

500

0

14 ROOTSTOCK RICHTER 110 IN WINE REGIONS 19.7% of the total 6000

5000

2010 4000 2011 2012 3000 2013

HECTARES 2014 2015 2000

1000

0

ROOTSTOCK RICHTER 99 IN WINE REGIONS 38.9% of the total 12000

10000

2010 8000 2011 2012 6000 2013

HECTARES 2014 2015 4000

2000

0

15 4 Net change of hectares per region

Robertson, Swartland, Paarl, Olifants River and Worcester regions constitute the largest net decrease in white wine plantings.

NET CHANGE PER WINE REGION - WHITE 2010 - 2015 150

100

50

0

-50

-100 HECTARES -150

-200

-250

-300

-350 NORTHERN BREEDEKLOOF LITTLE KAROO OLIFANTS RIVER PAARL ROBERTSON STELLENBOSCH SWARTLAND WORCESTER CAPE 2010 -68.85 -110.17 -6.94 59.66 -192.17 -109.31 -20.06 -127.02 -65.63 2011 -152.38 -135.79 -275.07 54.44 -106.45 -31.14 -98.72 -212.68 -67.37 2012 -106.54 -114.42 -303.3 12.75 -198.53 -60.3 -264.92 -217.93 -86.43 2013 -26.78 4.06 -217.07 9.04 -124.98 -80.08 -81.39 -265.21 -16.56 2014 -33.44 81.61 -47.42 -288.23 -224.38 -133.66 -29.53 -80.84 46.2 2015 -37.71 -73.55 -5.16 -106.45 -133.96 -287.89 -56.4 -177.41 -104.88

Northern Cape constitute a net increase in red wine plantings, with Swartland, Robertson and Paarl the largest net decrease. NET CHANGE PER WINE REGION - RED 2010 - 2015 300

200

100

0

HECTARES -100

-200

-300

-400 NORTHERN BREEDEKLOOF LITTLE KAROO OLIFANTS RIVER PAARL ROBERTSON STELLENBOSCH SWARTLAND WORCESTER CAPE 2010 -2.06 -24.52 -18.61 -83.6 -82.03 131.09 -70.86 -31.26 50.5 2011 193.64 -24.15 -17.75 -23.72 -59.05 218.54 -88.9 9.21 107.53 2012 228.57 -20.68 -40.89 8.94 -71.57 209.97 -222.72 6.48 34.76 2013 20.7 3.46 5.9 -95.89 -112.64 39.22 -278.4 -100.78 -40.28 2014 101.08 -16.86 -29.12 35.47 -18.34 202.42 -198.73 14.47 94.25 2015 -51.34 -31.8 3.93 -51.4 -115.72 -142.75 -94.9 -165.88 -34.87

16