The Old World Species of <I>Boehmeria</I>

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Old World Species of <I>Boehmeria</I> The Old World species of Boehmeria (Urticaceae, tribus Boehmerieae) a taxonomic revision Wilmot-Dear, Christine Melanie; Friis, Ib Published in: Blumea DOI: 10.3767/000651913X674116 Publication date: 2013 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Wilmot-Dear, C. M., & Friis, I. (2013). The Old World species of Boehmeria (Urticaceae, tribus Boehmerieae): a taxonomic revision. Blumea, 58(2), 85-216. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913X674116 Download date: 11. Oct. 2021 Blumea 58, 2013: 85–216 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651913X674116 The Old World species of Boehmeria (Urticaceae, tribus Boehmerieae). A taxonomic revision C.M. Wilmot-Dear1, I. Friis2 Key words Abstract This is the second part of a world-wide revision of the genus Boehmeria, the previously-published part having dealt with the New World species. The Old World species are widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics Boehmeria from West Africa to islands in the Pacific Ocean and from Japan and China to Southern Africa, Madagascar and conservation assessment Australia, with the highest species richness in the Himalayas and their extension into China and Indochina. No descriptions indi genous species is common to both the Old and New World. The species represent taxonomic units of very dif- distribution ferent complexity: most species exhibit little infraspecific variation; in several others formal taxonomic infraspecific ecology units can be recognised; however, in two, B. virgata and B. japonica, a highly complex variation is seen, fitting keys with difficulty into the normal hierarchy of taxonomic classification. With the conclusions reached here, 33 species, Old World including 31 varieties, are recognised and over one hundred previously established names are placed in synonymy. taxon richness Four new taxa are described: B. pilosiuscula var. suffruticosa, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla var. minuticymosa, taxonomic revision B. virgata subsp. virgata var. velutina and B. virgata subsp. virgata var. maxima. The following new combinations are Urticaceae made: B. densiflora var. boninensis, B. heterophylla var. blumei, B. japonica var. silvestrii, B. japonica var. tenera, B. sieboldiana var. fuzhouensis, B. ternifolia var. kamley, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla var. canescens, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla var. densiglomerata, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla var. longissima, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla var. macrostachya, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla var. molliuscula, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla var. rotundifolia, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla var. scabrella, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla var. strigosa, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla var. sumatrana, B. virgata subsp. macrophylla var. tomentosa and B. virgata subsp. virgata var. austroqueenslandica. Published on 27 September 2013 INTRODUCTION analysing the anatomy of the fruiting perianth and the achene wall (Wilmot-Dear et al. 2009). New species of Boehmeria Friis (1993: 623–624) concluded that the two genera Boeh­ also appeared in Wilmot-Dear et al. (2010) and new species meria and Pouzolzia were in great need of revision and that the of Pouzolzia and new extensions of distributions of New World delimitation between them had to be clarified. In many herbaria Boehmeria in Wilmot-Dear & Friis (2011). large quantities of material of these two genera remained un- The present paper completes our world-wide revision of Boeh­ identified, the incorporated material was often misidentified and meria and Pouzolzia. It considers all published names and is the nomenclature used was confusing. A revision of the New based on an examination of the extensive herbarium collections World species of Boehmeria and Pouzolzia (Wilmot-Dear & Friis of 38 major herbaria. 1996) recognised 14 species of Boehmeria and 14 species of Pouzolzia, of which a considerable number of new taxa were described and named and a large number of new synonyms and Materials AND METHODS transfers between genera were established. Subsequently, a The methods have been those of classical herbarium taxonomy, number of shorter papers were published which established the with special attention to small morphological details, as in taxonomic importance of anatomical characters in the fruiting previous parts of the project, particularly in the large revisions perianth and the fruit wall in a range of species of Boehmeria by Wilmot-Dear & Friis (1996, 2006). Frequently, we have not and Pouzolzia (Kravtsova et al. 2000, 2003). A supplement chosen a lectotype from amongst a group of syntypes because to Boehmeria in the New World with additional discussion of where it was not necessary for taxonomic reasons we consid- the distinction between Boehmeria and Pouzolzia was pub- ered it desirable to retain useful information concerning material lished by Wilmot-Dear et al. (2003). Then followed a revision seen by the original author. Lectotypes have been selected only of Pouzolzia in the Old World (Wilmot-Dear & Friis 2006), in in cases where not to do so would cause confusion or loss of which 24 species and 13 infraspecific taxa were recognised, taxonomic precision, for example, where collections represent- 5 new taxa and names were proposed and Boehmeria australis ing several taxa have been included among the syntypes, where Endl. was transferred to Pouzolzia. The distinction between there is rather wide morphological variation between syntypes/ Boehmeria and Pouzolzia was further elucidated in connection isotypes or where there is doubt which material was seen by the with a transfer of a species of Boehmeria, B. rugulosa Wedd., author. As previously, it has been necessary to consult material to Pouzolzia, as P. rugulosa (Wedd.) Acharya & Kravtsova, from a large number of herbaria in order to be reasonably sure that the entire range of variation was seen and that rare taxa 1 The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England, were reasonably covered. Unidentified material, especial from UK; corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]. 2 The Herbarium, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Sølvgade 83, Opgang G, K and L, has been looked through for specimens not previ- S, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark; e-mail: [email protected]. ously identified as Boehmeria, and in K and L we have looked © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. 86 Blumea – Volume 58 / 2, 2013 through the other genera in the tribe Boehmerieae to extract after the early-caducous stigma has fallen. Cypholophus differs misidentified material. Herbaria from which we have borrowed mainly in the minute tightly curled stigma and fleshy fruiting or studied material: A, AAU, ABD, B, BISH, BKF, BM, BO, BR, perianth. The morphological relationships between these three C, CAL, E, F, G, HK, IBSC, K, L, LE, M, MO, MSC, NAS, NEB, genera are dealt with in key form in Friis (1993: 618-619) and P, PE, PNH, S, TAI, TCD, TI, U, UC, UPS, US, W, WU, Z. A discussed in more detail in Wilmot-Dear (2009). total of about 10 000 specimens, representing c. 4 000 collec- tions have been seen for this revision. We have listed circa THE HISTORY OF DISCOVERY OF THE 3 000 collections, leaving out some material of common and GENUS BOeh­meria IN THE OLD WORLD widespread taxa. Specimens without collection numbers or other unique data and therefore of which duplicates are unlikely The earliest established taxa dealt with in this revision are Lin- to be identifiable with certainty have also been omitted from naean and were placed in the genus Urtica (Urtica nivea L., our listing in this paper. The collecting localities of a selection Urtica japonica L.f.). Subsequent early taxa were also placed in of the specimens which could be reasonably georeferenced Urtica, e.g. by Blume (1825), but already Thunberg (1794a, b) were plotted in ArcView, v. 3.3. The map showing species and began transferring taxa to the genus Boehmeria, which had taxon richness was produced from the same dataset with the been established by Jaquin (1760). The genus was named after use of the ‘Analysis/Point to Grid’ function in Diva-GIS, v. 7.5. Georg Rudolph Böhmer (1723–1803), German botanist and phy- The parameters defined by IUCN (2001) ‘extent of occurrence’ sician at the University of Wittenberg. (EOO) and ‘area of occupancy’ (AOO) have been calculated Monographic treatments of Boehmeria have been produced by using ArcView and the CATS extension developed at the Royal Weddell (1856, 1869), who based his taxonomic conclusions Botanic Gardens, Kew (Moat 2007). on the collections held at K, P and G and G-DC, while Blume When referring to a geographical distribution, the following ter- (1857), basing his work mainly on the collections at L, published minology is used. For New Guinea, any reference to ‘New Gui- a considerable number of new Old World taxa in the genus. In nea’ or ‘the island of New Guinea’ includes both regions, Indo- the last revision by Weddell (1869) a total of 47 species and nesian Papua and Papua New Guinea. ‘China’ without further 48 varieties were recognised. detail refers only to mainland China and where a distribution In the 19th century, when the largest number of Boehmeria- includes the islands of Taiwan and/or Hong Kong this detail species was described, a certain number of different taxa were is added.
Recommended publications
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Angiospermic Flora of Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh
    Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 25(2): 187-207, 2018 (December) © 2018 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA OF RAJKANDI RESERVE FOREST OF MOULVIBAZAR, BANGLADESH 1 2 A.K.M. KAMRUL HAQUE , SALEH AHAMMAD KHAN, SARDER NASIR UDDIN AND SHAYLA SHARMIN SHETU Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh Keywords: Checklist; Angiosperms; Rajkandi Reserve Forest; Moulvibazar. Abstract This study was carried out to provide the baseline data on the composition and distribution of the angiosperms and to assess their current status in Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. The study reports a total of 549 angiosperm species belonging to 123 families, 98 (79.67%) of which consisting of 418 species under 316 genera belong to Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons), and the remaining 25 (20.33%) comprising 132 species of 96 genera to Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Rubiaceae with 30 species is recognized as the largest family in Magnoliopsida followed by Euphorbiaceae with 24 and Fabaceae with 22 species; whereas, in Lilliopsida Poaceae with 32 species is found to be the largest family followed by Cyperaceae and Araceae with 17 and 15 species, respectively. Ficus is found to be the largest genus with 12 species followed by Ipomoea, Cyperus and Dioscorea with five species each. Rajkandi Reserve Forest is dominated by the herbs (284 species) followed by trees (130 species), shrubs (125 species), and lianas (10 species). Woodlands are found to be the most common habitat of angiosperms. A total of 387 species growing in this area are found to be economically useful. 25 species listed in Red Data Book of Bangladesh under different threatened categories are found under Lower Risk (LR) category in this study area.
    [Show full text]
  • Urera Kaalae
    Plants Opuhe Urera kaalae SPECIES STATUS: Federally Listed as Endangered Genetic Safety Net Species J.K.Obata©Smithsonian Inst., 2005 IUCN Red List Ranking – Critically Endangered (CR D) Hawai‘i Natural Heritage Ranking ‐ Critically Imperiled (G1) Endemism – O‘ahu Critical Habitat ‐ Designated SPECIES INFORMATION: Urera kaalae, a long‐lived perennial member of the nettle family (Urticaceae), is a small tree or shrub 3 to 7 m (10 to 23 ft) tall. This species can be distinguished from the other Hawaiian species of the genus by its heart‐shaped leaves. DISTRIBUTION: Found in the central to southern parts of the Wai‘anae Mountains on O‘ahu. ABUNDANCE: The nine remaining subpopulations comprise approximately 40 plants. LOCATION AND CONDITION OF KEY HABITAT: Urera kaalae typically grows on slopes and in gulches in diverse mesic forest at elevations of 439 to 1,074 m (1,440 to 3,523 ft). The last 12 known occurrences are found on both state and privately owned land. Associated native species include Alyxia oliviformis, Antidesma platyphyllum, Asplenium kaulfusii, Athyrium sp., Canavalia sp., Charpentiera sp., Chamaesyce sp., Claoxylon sandwicense, Diospyros hillebrandii, Doryopteris sp., Freycinetia arborea, Hedyotis acuminata, Hibiscus sp., Nestegis sandwicensis, Pipturus albidus, Pleomele sp., Pouteria sandwicensis, Psychotria sp., Senna gaudichaudii (kolomona), Streblus pendulinus, Urera glabra, and Xylosma hawaiiense. THREATS: Habitat degradation by feral pigs; Competition from alien plant species; Stochastic extinction; Reduced reproductive vigor due to the small number of remaining individuals. CONSERVATION ACTIONS: The goals of conservation actions are not only to protect current populations, but also to establish new populations to reduce the risk of extinction.
    [Show full text]
  • Mamaki Rust Pucciniastrum Boehmeriae (Dietel) Syd
    State of Hawaii New Pest Advisory DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE No. 16-01 May 2016 Mamaki Rust Pucciniastrum boehmeriae (Dietel) Syd. & P. Syd (Pucciniastraceae) Background In August 2013, a diagnostician at the University of Hawaii (UH) Agricultural Diagnostic Service Center, Komohana Research Station incidentally detected an unfamiliar rust on a mamaki (Pipturus albidus) leaf sample from a Hawaiian Acres, Kurtistown residential grower on the Big Island. Consequently, the rust sample was sent to the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory (SMML), where it was promptly identified via morphological and molecular means as Pucciniastrum boehmeriae (Dietel) Syd. & P. Syd., a new record in both Hawaii and the U.S. A subsequent visit by the UH diagnostician and Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) staff to the initial detection site yielded only two more slightly rust infected leaves. Additional surveys at mostly nurseries and botanical gardens throughout the main Hawaiian Islands failed to detect the P. boehmeriae rust. In November 2015, leaf lesions were spotted on wild Boehmeria grandis (akolea) plants in the Southern Koolau Mountains on Oahu by HDOA staff. SMML confirmed the presence of P. boehmeriae on the Oahu akolea leaf samples in February 2016, thus increasing both the known local distribution and susceptible endemic host plant species in the Figure 1. Top view of akolea leaf infected with Pucciniastrum boehmeriae; inset: close - Urticaceae plant family. up. Importance of the Urticaceae in Hawaii Mamaki, akolea, and other related Hawaiian species in the Urticaceae (nettle) family have long been important food sources for various native species of Hawaiian fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotoxic, Anti-Oxidant and Thrombolytic Activity of Stem Extract of Boehmeria Malabarica Wedd
    Cytotoxic, Anti-oxidant and Thrombolytic Activity of Stem Extract of Boehmeria malabarica Wedd. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) Submitted by MD. Anwar Hossain ID: 151-29-713 Department of Pharmacy Daffodil International University Submission Date: 13 May 2019 ©Daffodil International University APPROVAL This project, “Cytotoxic, Antioxidant and Thrombolytic activity of Stem Extract of Boehmeria malabarica Wedd submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, has been accepted as satisfactory for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy and approved as to it style and contents. Board of Examiners Dr. Sharif Mohammad Shaheen Chairman Professor and Head Department of Pharmacy Daffodil International University Nazneen Ahmeda Sultana Project Supervisor Lecturer Department of Pharmacy Daffodil International University Internal examiner-1 Internal examiner-2 External examiner ©Daffodil International University i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the very beginning, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Almighty, who has given me the chance to complete my project report in very comfortable manner. I would like to express my thanks and gratitude to the Department Of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University for providing me the laboratory facilities for the completion of the project. I have to thank my research supervisor, Nazneen Ahmeda Sultana, Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil international university. Without her assistance and dedicated involvement in every step throughout the process, this paper would have never been accomplished. I would like to thank her very much for her support and obliged to all those who have given me their valuable time and energy from their hectic work schedule to express their full experience about the instrumental terms, conditions and working procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts Obtained from Urera Baccifera (L.) Gaudich
    Advances in Life Sciences 2012, 2(5): 139-143 DOI: 10.5923/j.als.20120205.03 Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts Obtained from Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich Sideney Becker Onofre *, Patricia Fe rnanda He rke rt UNIPAR , Unit of Francisco Beltrão , PR. Av. Julio Assis Cavalheiro, 2000, Bairro Industrial , 85601-000 , Francisco Beltrão , Paraná , Brazil Abstract The purpose of this work was to assess the antimicrobial activity of extracts from Urera baccifera. Aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts made from the leaves, bark and roots of U. baccifera were tested, at different concentrations using the disk diffusion method, against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Inoculated plates were incubated at 35º C ± 1 C for 24 hours and the inhibition halos were assessed and interpreted. The methanol extracts from the leaves (ML) and roots (MR) had greatest antimicrobial activity against the three bacteria tested. The MICs of the ML and MR extracts against E. coli were 6.25 and 0.19 mg/L, respectively, and against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus they were 3.12 and 0.19 mg/L (for both species). The results show that the methanol extracts of the leaves and roots of U. baccifera are antimicrobially active against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S . aureus. Ke ywo rds Antimicrobial, Natural Products, Medicinal Plants, Secondary Metabolites medications. Considering the high biodiversity in Brazil, the 1. Introduction popular know-how about the properties of medicinal plants and the unknown chemical characteristics of most species, Since antiquity medicinal plants have been used in the the scientific assessment of the therapeutic value of plants treatment of several illnesses that afflict humans.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 6 ENUMERATION
    Chapter 6 ENUMERATION . ENUMERATION The spermatophytic plants with their accepted names as per The Plant List [http://www.theplantlist.org/ ], through proper taxonomic treatments of recorded species and infra-specific taxa, collected from Gorumara National Park has been arranged in compliance with the presently accepted APG-III (Chase & Reveal, 2009) system of classification. Further, for better convenience the presentation of each species in the enumeration the genera and species under the families are arranged in alphabetical order. In case of Gymnosperms, four families with their genera and species also arranged in alphabetical order. The following sequence of enumeration is taken into consideration while enumerating each identified plants. (a) Accepted name, (b) Basionym if any, (c) Synonyms if any, (d) Homonym if any, (e) Vernacular name if any, (f) Description, (g) Flowering and fruiting periods, (h) Specimen cited, (i) Local distribution, and (j) General distribution. Each individual taxon is being treated here with the protologue at first along with the author citation and then referring the available important references for overall and/or adjacent floras and taxonomic treatments. Mentioned below is the list of important books, selected scientific journals, papers, newsletters and periodicals those have been referred during the citation of references. Chronicles of literature of reference: Names of the important books referred: Beng. Pl. : Bengal Plants En. Fl .Pl. Nepal : An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Fasc.Fl.India : Fascicles of Flora of India Fl.Brit.India : The Flora of British India Fl.Bhutan : Flora of Bhutan Fl.E.Him. : Flora of Eastern Himalaya Fl.India : Flora of India Fl Indi.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Status of Cultivated Plant Species Agrobiodiversity in India: an Overview ANURUDH K SINGH* 2924, Sector-23, Gurgaon, Haryana, India 122 017
    Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 83 No. 1 March 2017 pp. 151-174 Printed in India. DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2016/v82/48406 Review Article Revisiting the Status of Cultivated Plant Species Agrobiodiversity in India: An Overview ANURUDH K SINGH* 2924, Sector-23, Gurgaon, Haryana, India 122 017 (Received on 14 March 2016; Revised on 20 May 2016; Accepted on 16 June 2016) A revisit to the literature on cultivated plant species agrobiodiversity in India revealed that the floristic diversity is represented by 17,926 species of angiosperm, while Indian agriculture cultivates 811 plant species and harbours more than 900 wild relatives of the cultivated plant species distributed over 10 (+ 1) biogeographic regions of the the country, significantly higher than commonly cited in the literature. Further, it revealed the role of Indian communities in domestication to cultivation of around 215 economically important plant species, and adaption of around 600 exotic crop species. Based on new evidence, several species require inclusion and others deletion, and many need further investigations to resolve the issue on country of their origin. Cultivation of crop species in diverse natural and man-made agroecological systems for centuries has generated a huge amount of genetic diversity in a large number of crop species, maintained by the farmers in the form of landraces or farmer’s varieties, and conserved as collections/accessions in the national agricultural research system. Keywords: Agrobiodiversity; Domestication; Cultivation; Genetic Diversity; Wild Relatives
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plants Used by Chakma Tribe in Hill Tracts Districts of Bangladesh
    Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 6(3), July 2007, pp. 508-517 Medicinal plants used by Chakma tribe in Hill Tracts districts of Bangladesh M Atiqur Rahman1*, SB Uddin & CC Wilcock2 1Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 23UU, UK E-mail: [email protected] Received 11 July 2005; revised 21 December 2006 An ethnobotanical survey was carried out on the utilization of medicinal plants by Chakma tribe living in the remote hilly forest areas of Hill Tracts districts of Bangladesh by interviewing traditional herbalists, called Baiddaya, and various elderly men and women. Indigenous knowledge of herbal medicine remains an integral part of the healthy system among chakmas in the Hill Tracts area. 198 plant species with their local (Chakma) names were recorded for their uses for curing at least 78 ailments. These species, belonging to 74 families, are listed in alphabetical order, each with local names, methods of preparation, route of administration and uses. Keywords: Medicinal plants, Ethnobotany, Indigenous knowledge, Chakma tribe, Hill Tracts, Bangladesh IPC Int. Cl.8: A61K36/00, A61P1/02, A61P1/08, A61P1/10, A61P1/16, A61P17/00, A61P17/10, A61P17/14, A61P19/00, A61P25/00, A61P25/08, A61P29/00, A61P31/00, A61P31/12, A61P33/06, A61P35/00, A61P35/04, A61P39/02 The use of medicinal plants as herbal remedy is a part healthcare and is still dependent on it. Although it is of traditional heritage in many rural areas of yet difficult to get modern medical facilities for their Bangladesh, especially among forest inhabitants.
    [Show full text]
  • Lowland Rainforests’ of Meghalaya, India
    Accepted Manuscript Rainforests north of the Tropic of Cancer: physiognomy, floristics, and diversity in ‘lowland rainforests’ of Meghalaya, India Dr. Uma Shankar, Amit Kumar Tripathi PII: S2468-2659(16)30068-3 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2016.10.003 Reference: PLD 37 To appear in: Plant Diversity Received Date: 6 July 2016 Revised Date: 14 October 2016 Accepted Date: 17 October 2016 Please cite this article as: Shankar, U., Tripathi, A.K., Rainforests north of the Tropic of Cancer: physiognomy, floristics, and diversity in ‘lowland rainforests’ of Meghalaya, India, Plant Diversity (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.pld.2016.10.003. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Article Type Research Article Title Rainforests north of the Tropic of Cancer: physiognomy, floristics, and diversity in ‘lowland rainforests’ of Meghalaya, India Authors Uma Shankar and Amit Kumar Tripathi Authors’ research address Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill University Shillong 793 022, India Corresponding author Dr. Uma Shankar Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill University Shillong 793 022, India Email: [email protected] Running Head Rainforests of Meghalaya, India Word count of main text (Introduction through acknowledgements including tables and figures) 11413 Word count of references 1714 ACCEPTEDWord count of abstract 261 1 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Abstract The lowland rainforests of Meghalaya, India represent the westernmost limit of the rainforests north of the Tropic of Cancer.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Membrane Stabilizing and in Vivo Analgesic Activities of Boehmeria Glomerulifera Miq
    Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(2): 185-189, 2016 In vitro Membrane Stabilizing and In vivo Analgesic Activities of Boehmeria glomerulifera Miq. in Swiss-Albino Mice Model Sabikunnahar Papia1, Muhammed Mahfuzur Rahman1, Md. Mustafezur Rahman2, Mohaiminul Adib3 and Mohammad Firoz Khan1 1Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka- 1205, Bangladesh 2Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Received: June 01, 2016; Accepted: July 12, 2016; Published (Web): July 31, 2016 Abstract Boehmeria glomerulifera Miq. is an indigenous plant of Bangladesh. Traditional healers use this plant to treat various diseases. The crude methanol extract of whole plant of B. glomerulifera and its Kupchan fractions were screened for in vitro membrane stabilizing and only the crude extract at doses of 200- and 400- mg/kg body weight were screened for analgesic activity in mice model in order to establish the medicinal values of this plant. The membrane stabilizing activity of the extractives was evaluated by the ability of test materials to inhibit hypotonic solution- and heat-induced haemolysis of human erythrocytes. Moreover, the analgesic activity of methanol extract was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing method and tail immersion method in mice. In hypotonic solution- and heat-induced conditions, the crude methanol extract showed inhibition of haemolysis by 64.80±0.34% and 21.63±0.76%, respectively as compared to 77.74±0.67% and 40.41±0.69% demonstrated by the standard, acetyl salicylic acid. On the other hand, the analgesic activity was determined for its peripheral and central pharmacological responses using acetic acid-induced writhing test and tail immersion method at doses of 200- and 400- mg/kg body weight.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanist Interior 43.1
    2006 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 219 BOOK REVIEWS Kalamazoo Nature Center. 2006. Garlic Mustard—From Pest to Pesto. A Culi- nary Guide. Kalamazoo Nature Center, 7000 North Westnedge Ave., Kalama- zoo, MI 49009-6309 (269)-381-1574 www.natureceenter.org. (Paper) $5.00 Dealing with alien plants and animals is becoming more and more a part of everyday life. To control them most persons grab some pesticide, a few try some alternative method, and a select few try to eat the pest. A group of 11 Chefs have pooled their knowledge of gourmet cooking and have compiled a 21 page book- let of information on garlic Mustard, Allaria petiolata. Page 1 explains the prob- lem of this plant while page 2 uses line sketches to inform the reader on how to recognize the plant from other members of the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Page 3, is blank and devoted to notes. The Contents on page 4 list 19 recipes under three headings: Appetizers & Snacks, Soups, Salads, & Sandwiches, and Entrees. A survey of the recipe list gives something for every pallet and just might help make a dent in the alien population found on your property. What an impact every household in Michigan would have on wild invasive Garlic Mus- tard if we all began to eat this plant everyday? I’m sure the nature center would love to sell many copies of this booklet, where the monies generated are part of a center fundraiser. Let’s go for it! ——Dennis W. Woodland, Professor of Botany Biology Department, Andrews University Berrien Springs, MI 49104-0410 (Tele) 269-471-3240; (FAX) 269-471-6911 E-mail: [email protected] Wheeler, K.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution, Ecology, Chemistry and Toxicology of Plant Stinging Hairs
    toxins Review Distribution, Ecology, Chemistry and Toxicology of Plant Stinging Hairs Hans-Jürgen Ensikat 1, Hannah Wessely 2, Marianne Engeser 2 and Maximilian Weigend 1,* 1 Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; [email protected] 2 Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53129 Bonn, Germany; [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (M.E.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-0228-732121 Abstract: Plant stinging hairs have fascinated humans for time immemorial. True stinging hairs are highly specialized plant structures that are able to inject a physiologically active liquid into the skin and can be differentiated from irritant hairs (causing mechanical damage only). Stinging hairs can be classified into two basic types: Urtica-type stinging hairs with the classical “hypodermic syringe” mechanism expelling only liquid, and Tragia-type stinging hairs expelling a liquid together with a sharp crystal. In total, there are some 650 plant species with stinging hairs across five remotely related plant families (i.e., belonging to different plant orders). The family Urticaceae (order Rosales) includes a total of ca. 150 stinging representatives, amongst them the well-known stinging nettles (genus Urtica). There are also some 200 stinging species in Loasaceae (order Cornales), ca. 250 stinging species in Euphorbiaceae (order Malphigiales), a handful of species in Namaceae (order Boraginales), and one in Caricaceae (order Brassicales). Stinging hairs are commonly found on most aerial parts of the plants, especially the stem and leaves, but sometimes also on flowers and fruits. The ecological role of stinging hairs in plants seems to be essentially defense against mammalian herbivores, while they appear to be essentially inefficient against invertebrate pests.
    [Show full text]