DOCSLIB.ORG

Cisgender Fragility

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cisgender Fragility Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-2019 Cisgender Fragility Zachariah Graydon Oaster Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons Recommended Citation Oaster, Zachariah Graydon, "Cisgender Fragility" (2019). Master's Theses. 4729. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/4729 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CISGENDER FRAGILITY by Zachariah Graydon Oaster A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sociology Western Michigan University August 2019 Thesis Committee: Paul Ciccantell, Ph.D., Chair Elena Gapova, Ph.D. Jesse Smith, Ph.D. Copyright by Zachariah Graydon Oaster 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My deepest thanks extend to my thesis chair, Dr. Paul Ciccantell, whose mentorship, patience, and encouragement were needed and well received on many occasions throughout the process of producing this work. Additionally, my thanks to my committee members, Dr. Elena Gapova and Dr. Jesse Smith, whose graduate instruction in the areas of gender research and qualitative methods, respectively, produced fertile soil in which to grow and tend this idea of Cisgender Fragility. All of my committee members’ commitments of time and expertise have made this thesis a professional work that I am proud of. I have been taught, encouraged, and enabled by many fellow academics and activists along the way whose names here are the least I can offer in honor of their contributions to my professional life (in alphabetical order): Anna Bailey, Taryn Borst, Dr. Rachel Campbell, Dr. Mary DeYoung, Dr. Rebecca Farnum, Dr. Hermann Kurthen, Dr. Michael Macaluso, Dr. Dennis Malaret, Bill Mefford, Scot Miller, Dr. Michael Ott, Ian Pearson, Jeff Smith, Dr. Jennifer Stewart, Ashes Ravel, Kristine Skippergosh, Marilynn Springman, Dr. Joel Stillerman, and Zachary Trank-Zelewicz. Longsuffering and charitable has been my spouse, Lindsay Oaster, who has come alongside me many times whenever life struggles threw up blocks to progress on this thesis. Invariably, Lindsay has offered professional assistance in editing, proofreading, and formatting. The culmination of this thesis is in great part thanks to Lindsay’s years of encouragement and confidence in me. I am humbled and grateful. Zachariah Graydon Oaster ii CISGENDER FRAGILITY Zachariah Graydon Oaster, M.A. Western Michigan University, 2019 Cisgender people in the United States are socialized in an environment that shields them from gender-identity-based stress. Like the construct of white fragility (DiAngelo, 2011), cisgender persons exhibit defensive behavior in response to encountering any gender-identity- based discomfort. Once triggered, defensive acts and false claims are deployed in an attempt to return to a state of comfort and normalcy. The stress that cisgender persons feel, and the defensive actions that they take upon encountering such gender-identity-based discomfort is what I refer to herein as Cisgender Fragility. This theoretical construct of Cisgender Fragility is nuanced through intersectional synthesis of queer and race theory. Transgender and gender non-conforming persons are castigated in public and private spaces as being a danger to individuals as well as being a danger to social systems, such as the economy, sports, education, and the military. Further, transgender persons in the United States are viewed as being outside moral and market conformity. These attitudes are reproduced, in part, through the rhetoric of conservative media such as Fox News. Balancing the interests of moral conservatives and business conservatives, their discourse reverses the actual direction of danger and vilifies transgender persons as dangerous. Using ethnographic content analysis, this study tests the Cisgender Fragility theory through coding and analysis of FoxNews.com articles pertaining to transgender persons during the first year of the Donald Trump presidency. These exploratory findings support the theory and provide a platform for future research. This thesis elucidates Cisgender Fragility. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ ii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ v CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER II: THEORY .................................................................................................... 9 How Definitions of Citizenship Marginalize Transgender and Gender Non- Conforming Persons ......................................................................................................16 CHAPTER III: METHOD AND METHODOLOGY ...................................................... 28 ECA in the Context of News Analysis ..........................................................................30 Data Collection ..............................................................................................................34 Sampling ........................................................................................................................36 Procedure .......................................................................................................................38 Themes From the Literature ..........................................................................................40 Motifs and Elements From the Literature .....................................................................40 CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................ 44 Theme: Transgender people as threats to the public and/or private safety of individuals .....................................................................................................................45 Theme: Transgender people as threats to public systems .............................................49 Theme: Transgender persons as outside moral conformity ...........................................53 iii Table of Contents—Continued Theme: Transgender persons as outside market conformity .........................................55 Motifs and Elements ......................................................................................................59 Conclusions .................................................................................................................101 Challenges and Limitations .........................................................................................107 Researcher Bias ...........................................................................................................107 Unknown Sources of Bias ...........................................................................................108 Credibility ....................................................................................................................108 Transferability .............................................................................................................109 Dependability ..............................................................................................................109 Confirmability .............................................................................................................109 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 111 APPENDIX A: CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FOXNEWS.COM ARTICLES USED IN THIS STUDY ............................................................................ 115 APPENDIX B: CISGENDER FRAGILITY STUDY CODING SHEET ...................... 128 iv LIST OF FIGURES 1: Total frequency of themes identified ............................................................................ 45 2: Trump tweets, banning transgender participation in military ....................................... 53 3: Total frequency of motifs and elements identified ....................................................... 60 4: Frequency of motifs under theme: Transgender people as threats to the public/private safety of individuals ......................................................................................................61 5: Frequency of motifs under theme: Transgender people as threats to public systems... 61 6: Frequency of motifs under theme: Transgender persons as outside moral conformity.. ...................................................................................................................................... 62 7: Frequency of motifs under theme: Transgender persons as outside market conformity ...................................................................................................................................... 62 v 1 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Cisgender people in the United States are socialized in an environment that cushions and screens them from gender-identity-based stress. These words mirror those of DiAngelo (2011) who makes the parallel argument in the context of race: describing white persons’ defensive triggers in response to the slightest race-based discomfort. Once triggered,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Well, Actually
    CHAPTER 5 WELL, ACTUALLY Cyber Sexism and Racism within Online Settings and the Enabling Discourse of E-Libertarianism INTRODUCTION Since its inception, the Internet has been hailed as a great equalizer, promoter of progress and democracy with unlimited potential and reach. What propels this mythology is the concept of the Internet as a neutral site, where identity is irrelevant other than the persona one chooses to create and share. Social life on the Internet is presented as an idealized, random collection of atomized individuals who happen to come together to interact over shared interests, with collectivity stopping there. Of course, this mythology has always been attractive to a certain segment of the population, who has always been able to utilize the Internet and shape society as they wished: Straight white men, often considered the default Internet user, see the Internet as a neutral tool because it conforms so exactly to their expectations, everyone else had to make adjustments and look for loopholes in order to use the Internet in the way they wanted. (Poland, 2016, p. 213) Indeed, for the women and minorities who are constantly harassed on the Internet, they are met with the dismissive (if not hostile) attitude that this is the price to pay for having the nerve to disrupt the “wide, open cyberspaces” that they are violating because of their unwillingness to no longer let racism, sexism, and homophobia go unnoticed. This can take the form of name calling, threats, and a blurring of online and offline stalking and violence. Far from being a neutral, idealized space, what the Internet reveals is “a story of how the deepest prejudices in a society can take purchase in new settings due to technology” which has been in the process of “transforming not only online spaces but real lives and potentially even the trajectory of our politics” for some time now (Beauchamp, 2019, para.
    [Show full text]
  • MOTION to DISMISS V
    1 HONORABLE BRIAN MCDONALD Department 48 2 Noted for Consideration: April 27, 2020 Without Oral Argument 3 4 5 6 7 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF KING 8 WASHINGTON LEAGUE FOR INCREASED 9 TRANSPARENCY AND ETHICS, a NO. 20-2-07428-4 SEA Washington non-profit corporation, 10 Plaintiff, 11 FOX DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS v. 12 FOX NEWS, FOX NEWS GROUP, FOX 13 NEWS CORPORATION, RUPERT MURDOCH, AT&T TV, COMCAST, 14 Defendants. 15 16 INTRODUCTION & RELIEF REQUESTED 17 Plaintiff WASHLITE seeks a judicial gag order against Fox News for airing supposedly 18 “deceptive” commentary about the Coronavirus outbreak and our nation’s response to it. But the 19 only deception here is in the Complaint. Fox’s opinion hosts have never described the Coronavirus 20 as a “hoax” or a “conspiracy,” but instead used those terms to comment on efforts to exploit the 21 pandemic for political points. Regardless, the claims here are frivolous because the statements at 22 issue are core political speech on matters of public concern. The First Amendment does not permit 23 censoring this type of speech based on the theory that it is “false” or “outrageous.” Nor does the law 24 of the State of Washington. The Complaint therefore should be dismissed as a matter of law. 25 MOTION TO DISMISS - 1 LAW OFFICES HARRIGAN LEYH FARMER & THOMSEN LLP 999 THIRD AVENUE, SUITE 4400 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98104 TEL (206) 623-1700 FAX (206) 623-8717 1 STATEMENT OF FACTS 2 The country has been gripped by an intense public debate about the novel Coronavirus 3 outbreak.
    [Show full text]
  • Media Effects and Marginalized Ideas: Relationships Among Media Consumption and Support for Black Lives Matter
    International Journal of Communication 13(2019), 4287–4305 1932–8036/20190005 Media Effects and Marginalized Ideas: Relationships Among Media Consumption and Support for Black Lives Matter DANIELLE KILGO Indiana University, USA RACHEL R. MOURÃO Michigan State University, USA Building on research analyses of Black Lives Matter media portrayals, this inquiry uses a two-wave panel survey to examine the effects news coverage has on the evaluation of the core ideas from the Black Lives Matter social movement agenda. Results show that conservative media use increases negative evaluations; models suggest this relationship works as a multidirectional feedback loop. Mainstream and liberal media consumptions do not lead to more positive views about Black Lives Matter’s core ideas. Keywords: media effects, partisan media, conflict, news audiences, Black Lives Matter The 2014 shooting death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, MO, was the catalyst that launched a brewing protest movement into the international spotlight. Police officer Darren Wilson shot the unarmed teenager multiple times in the middle of a neighborhood street. Initial protests aimed at finding justice for Brown turned violent quickly and were subsequently met with a militarized police force (e.g., Brown, 2014). Local protests continued in Ferguson while the jury deliberated Wilson’s possible indictment. However, in November 2014, Wilson was not indicted, and the decision refueled national protests. Brown’s death was one of many in 2014, and news media paid attention to the reoccurrence of similar scenarios, as well as the associated protests. These demonstrations were part of the growing, decentralized Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. Protests echoed demands for justice for Black men, women, and children killed by excessive use of force, for police policy reformation, and for the acknowledgment of oppression against Blacks and other marginalized communities.
    [Show full text]
  • A Newsletter for Conservative Republicans CANDIDATES
    A Newsletter for Conservative Republicans FLYING HIGH…AND DIGGING AND BORING TO KEEP BREVARD COUNTY RED AND GET CONSERVATIVES ELECTED Editor and Publisher: Stuart Gorin Designer and Assistant Publisher: Frank Montelione Number 104 July 2018 CANDIDATES ATTEND BREVARD REPUBLICAN PICNIC FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK: Nearly 800 Brevard County, Florida residents attended the MY TWO CENTS biannual picnic organized by the Brevard Republican By Stuart Gorin Executive Committee (BREC) and the Council of Clubs in It’s an inconvenient truth that while the left Melbourne on July 8, listening to dozens of candidates for a and its media allies are calling President variety of offices, visiting their campaign tables plus those set Trump “a cruel, heartless monster” and up by Republican clubs in the county, voting in an unofficial other harsh labels for jailing illegals who straw poll, and enjoying music and a BBQ luncheon. cross our borders, this is a policy straight out of the Obama administration. Democrats know this of course but are just playing politics as usual – pulling any trick they can to try to derail the president’s agenda. -0- Stanford University sophomore John David Rice-Cameron is president of the College Republicans and helped organize a “Make Stanford Great Again” event on campus. He also serves as activism director for the statewide California College Republicans. Irony of ironies, his mother is none other than onetime Obama administration official Susan Rice – she of the infamous “Benghazi due to a video” fame. While the event was open to anyone, BREC Chairman Rick -0- Lacey said about 90 percent of the attendees were registered Alleged “comedian” Michelle Wolf now says that abortion Republicans.
    [Show full text]
  • A Way-Station to Egalitarianism: a Review Essay of Aimee Byrd's Recovering from Biblical Manhood & Womanhood
    A Way-Station to Egalitarianism: A Review Essay of Aimee Byrd’s Recovering from Biblical Manhood & Womanhood Denny Burk Denny Burk is Professor of Biblical Studies at Boyce College, the President of the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood, and Associate Pastor at Kenwood Baptist Church in Louisville, Kentucky. Dr. Burk earned a ThM from Dallas Theolog- ical Seminary and a PhD from The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. He is the author of What Is the Meaning of Sex? (Crossway, 2013), Transforming Homosexual- ity (P&R, 2015), and a commentary on the pastorals in ESV Expository Commentary: Ephesians-Philemon (Crossway, 2017). Most recently, he co-edited God’s Glory Revealed in Christ: Essays on Biblical Theology in Honor of Thomas R. Schreiner (B&H, 2019). Evangelicals have been debating manhood and womanhood for decades, and the conflict shows no signs of subsiding. No little bit of ink is spilled every year by both sides, and many works have trouble getting through all the noise. Such is not the case with Aimee Byrd’s new book Recovering from Biblical Manhood & Womanhood: How the Church Needs to Rediscover Her Purpose (Zondervan, 2020). The provocative title riffs off the name of the seminal complementarian work Recovering Biblical Manhood & Womanhood, edited by John Piper and Wayne Grudem (Crossway, 1991). Byrd takes direct aim at what she believes to be the deficiencies of complementarianism as expounded by its chief proponents, especially the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (CBMW). SBJT 24.1 (2020): 163-171 163 The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 24.1 (2020) Summary Byrd’s Introduction presents the defining metaphor of the book—yellow wallpaper—which comes from a feminist novel authored by Charlotte Perkins Gilman (15).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern
    ARIZONA SUPREME COURT BRUSH & NIB STUDIO, LC, et al., Supreme Court No. CV-18-0176-PR Plaintiffs/Appellants/ Cross-Appellees, Court of Appeals v. No. 1 CA-CV 16-0602 CITY OF PHOENIX, Maricopa County Superior Court Defendant/Appellee/ No. CV2016-052251 Cross-Appellant. All Parties Consent to Filing this Amicus Brief. AMENDED BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE ETHICS & RELIGIOUS LIBERTY COMMISSION OF THE SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION, JEWISH COALITION FOR RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, ARIZONA CATHOLIC CONFERENCE, ASSOCIATION FOR BIBLICAL HIGHER EDUCATION, ASSOCIATION OF CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS INTERNATIONAL, NORTHWEST CHRISTIAN SCHOOL, CHRIST’S COMMUNITY CHURCH OF EL MIRAGE, COMPASSIONATE COUNSELORS, INC., AND CALVARY CHAPEL FARMINGTON IN SUPPORT OF APPELLANTS Of Counsel: Joshua Carden, SBN 021698 Michael K. Whitehead Joshua Carden Law Firm, P.C. Whitehead Law Firm LLC 16427 N. Scottsdale Road, Suite 410 229 SE Douglas St. #210 Scottsdale, AZ 85254 Lee’s Summit, MO 64063 (480) 454-1100 (816) 398-8967 [email protected] [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX OF AUTHORITIES ....................................................................................................... ii IDENTITY AND INTERESTS OF AMICI CURIAE ................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT......................................... 1 ARGUMENT .................................................................................................................................... 4 I. Business owners or workers who affirm man-woman marriage must
    [Show full text]
  • Eikon: a Journal for Biblical Anthropology
    GROUNDS FOR DIVORCE: HUMANITY AS THE DIVINE RECOVERING FROM WHY I NOW BELIEVE THERE IMAGE IN GENESIS 1:26-28 BIBLICAL MANHOOD AND ARE MORE THAN TWO Peter Gentry WOMANHOOD Wayne Grudem Reviewed by Andrew Naselli A Journal for Biblical Anthropology VOLUME TWO Spring 2020 ISSUE ONE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF DENNY R. BURK, Professor of Biblical Studies, Boyce College EXECUTIVE EDITOR ANDREW T. WALKER, Associate Professor of Christian Ethics, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary MANAGING EDITOR COLIN J. SMOTHERS, Executive Director, Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood EDITORIAL DIRECTOR MATTHEW DAMICO BOOK REVIEW EDITOR JONATHAN SWAN EDITORIAL BOARD DANIEL AKIN, President and the Ed Young, Sr. Chair of Preaching, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary JASON DUESING, Provost and Associate Professor of Historical Theology, Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary PURSUE J. LIGON DUNCAN, III, Chancellor/ Fully PURSUE CEO and the John E. Richards Professor Fully MINISTRY of Systematic and Historical Theology, Prepared. MINISTRY Reformed Theological Seminary Prepared. AT CEDARVILLE WAYNE GRUDEM, Distinguished Research AT CEDARVILLE Professor of Theology and Biblical Studies, For His UNIVERSITY. Phoenix Seminary For His UNIVERSITY. Purpose. RESIDENTIAL M.DIV. OR MIGUEL NUÑEZ, President, Ministerios Purpose. ONLINERESIDENTIAL M.MIN. M.DIV. OR Integridad & Sabiduría CONSERVATIVEONLINE M.MIN. THEOLOGY JEFF PURSWELL, Dean, Sovereign Grace Pastors College ACCELERATEDCONSERVATIVE THEOLOGY K. ERIK THOENNES, Chair of Biblical COMPLETIONACCELERATED OPTIONS and Theological Studies and Professor of COMPLETION OPTIONS Theology, Talbot School of Theology CEDARVILLE.EDU/ THOMAS WHITE, President and Professor CBMWCEDARVILLE.EDU/ of Systematic Theology, Cedarville University CBMW ISSUE ONE 13 4 THE “FRANTIC PASSION FOR 102 ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PURPLE” CONFESSIONAL THEOLOGICAL Michael Haykin EDUCATION Jason K.
    [Show full text]
  • Daniel R. Heimbach
    DANIEL R. HEIMBACH CURRICULUM VITAE August 23, 2018 EDUCATION_________________________________________________________________ University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/Institute of Government Certificate. School for New Mayors and Council Members 1996 Harvard University/John Fitzgerald Kennedy School of Government Certificate. Defense Policy Seminar. National Security Program 1992 Department of the Navy/Senior Leaders Training Program Certificate. Total Quality Leadership. Senior Leaders Seminar 1991 Drew University Graduate School Ph.D. (Law, Politics and Christian Ethics) 1988 M.Phil. (Law, Politics and Christian Ethics) 1984 Trinity Evangelical Divinity School M.Div. (Theology) 1982 M.A. (Philosophy of Religion) 1982 United States Naval Academy B.S. (Oceanography and Naval Science) 1972 DANIEL R. HEIMBACH _______________________________________________________2 WORK HISTORY _____________________________________________________________ Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary Associate Professor of Christian Ethics 1993-1997 Professor of Christian Ethics 1997-2011 Senior Professor of Christian Ethics 2011-present Responsible to teach required and elective courses in Christian Ethics at graduate and post- graduate levels through the Ph.D. Responsible to develop courses covering all aspects of the academic field and to work as a scholar and consultant on current issues. Defense Readiness Council February—August, 1993 Executive Director Responsible for operations, planning, administration, public relations, lobbying and fund raising for a nonpartisan, organization of retired military leaders addressing issues in military personnel policy. Department of Defense/Department of the Navy Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower) 1991-1993 Responsible for the recruiting, training, discipline, readiness, billet structuring, end strength, pay policy, budgeting and other manpower aspects affecting the nation’s approximately 552,000 Navy and 188,000 Marine Corps men and women.
    [Show full text]
  • Antisemitism in MPA Classrooms and Beyond
    Journal of Public Affairs Education ISSN: 1523-6803 (Print) 2328-9643 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/upae20 Talking about antisemitism in MPA classrooms and beyond Jamie Levine Daniel, Rachel Fyall & Jodi Benenson To cite this article: Jamie Levine Daniel, Rachel Fyall & Jodi Benenson (2019): Talking about antisemitism in MPA classrooms and beyond, Journal of Public Affairs Education, DOI: 10.1080/15236803.2019.1646581 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2019.1646581 View supplementary material Published online: 13 Aug 2019. Submit your article to this journal View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=upae20 JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS EDUCATION https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2019.1646581 Talking about antisemitism in MPA classrooms and beyond Jamie Levine Daniel a, Rachel Fyall b, and Jodi Benenson c aIndiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; bUniversity of Washington; cUniversity of Nebraska at Omaha ABSTRACT KEYWORDS On October 27, 2018, a gunman killed eleven people attending Antisemitism; Jews; cultural Shabbat services in the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh, PA. competency; administrative For many – both Jews and non-Jews – this tragedy served as evil; trust a wake-up call about the persistence of antisemitism in the United States today. MPA curricula and public affairs research have rarely addressed contemporary antisemitism, yet we argue for including conversations about antisemitism in MPA class- rooms. This article serves as a resource for the public affairs teaching community so our colleagues can feel prepared and empowered to address antisemitism in their classrooms.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Rights Report 2019 International Human Rights Policy: Activities and Results
    Human rights report 2019 International human rights policy: activities and results Human rights report 2019 | Human rights report 2019 | Human rights report 2019 | Human rights report 2019 | Human rights report 2019 | Human rights report 2019 | AccraVaticaanstadPortOfSpainHoustonPretoriaLaPazIstanboelBoedapestHamburgVancouverDhakaDubaiBangkokAnkaraAlgiersKhartoemDubaiKobeBrusselMexicoSt PetersburgParamariboAnkaraRabatBelgradoRabatAtheneHarareNewYorkAntwerpenBuenosBogotáKairoHarareLagosManaguaQuitoHamburgLagosColomboMexicoBr atislavaLusakaBangkokSarajevoDamascusHoustonBonnAnkaraBrusselDarEsSalaamKobeSofiaKoealaLoempoerWellingtonAlgiersAnkaraAbujaChicagoMuscatDakarSt ockholmKopenhagenCotonouBuenosAiresAddisAbebaLissabonParijsRabatDüsseldorfTokioLuxemburgMontevideoChicagoBagdadPortOfSpainBoekarestLuxemburgDak arHoustonAlmatyDubaiRomeBamakoBelgradoHamburgRomeDarEsSalaamSofiaDubaiColomboRabatAtheneDublinSydneyKobeBogotáPraagOuagadougouAlgiersKin gstonStPetersburgAmmanMilaanMexicoTeheranAbuDhabiFrankfurtAmMainBelgradoTorontoAddisAbebaAnkaraSarajevoPortOfSpainAiresStockholmAmsterdamAbeba TripoliLaPazKairoManaguaBagdadLosAngelesKievAnkaraColomboWarschauRomeBernKingstonLissabonBoedapestBoedapestNewYorkMaputoColomboNewYorkRiyad BamakoTelAvivKingstonMontevideoLaPazPraagDubaiWenenCotonouBerlijnLaPazDüsseldorfKampalaTeheranSeoelMontevideoBrasiliaPretoriaAnkaraBomaySofiaToro ntoRomeZagrebWashingtonAmmanAtheneLaPazMoskouAlgiersAbidjanParamariboMaputoManillaKinshasaBarcelonaCaracasManaguaBarcelonaLusakaAntwerpenSa oPauloBagdadLaPazParijsTorontoBrusselBerlijnPekingMontevideoAbuDhabiTelAvivLondenIstanboelAlmatyBangkokHelsinkiSanJoséParamariboAnkaraSaoPauloPretor
    [Show full text]
  • The Baptist Tradition and Religious Freedom: Recent Trajectories
    THE BAPTIST TRADITION AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM: RECENT TRAJECTORIES by Samuel Kyle Brassell A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnel Barksdale Honors College. Oxford May 2019 Approved by _______________________________ Advisor: Professor Sarah Moses _______________________________ Reader: Professor Amy McDowell _______________________________ Reader: Professor Steven Skultety ii © 2019 Samuel Kyle Brassell ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College for providing funding to travel to the Society of Christian Ethics conference in Louisville to attend presentations and meet scholars to assist with my research. iii ABSTRACT SAMUEL KYLE BRASSELL: The Baptist Tradition and Religious Freedom: Recent Trajectories For my thesis, I have focused on the recent religious freedom bill passed in Mississippi and the arguments and influences Southern Baptists have had on the bill. I used the list of resolutions passed by the Southern Baptist Convention to trace the history and development of Southern Baptist thought on the subject of religious freedom. I consulted outside scholarly works to examine the history of the Baptist tradition and how that history has influenced modern day arguments. I compared these texts to the wording of the Mississippi bill. After conducting this research, I found that the Southern Baptist tradition and ethical thought are reflected in the wording of the Mississippi bill. I found that the large percentage of the Mississippi population comprised of Southern Baptists holds a large amount of political power in the state, and this power was used to pass a law reflecting their ethical positions.
    [Show full text]
  • October Update Letter
    OCTOBER 2017 UPDATE LETTER DEAR FRIENDS, For the past 54 years, every U.S. President has had at least two things in common as far as I can tell: they have all attended the annual National Prayer Breakfast in Washington, D.C., and they have all known Rev. Billy Graham. In 1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower invited Rev. Billy Graham to join him in Denver, CO. Eisenhower had just received the Republican nomination for president, and he was on the campaign trail. In a sermon he gave in 1987, Rev. Graham described their time together, saying, “I gave [General Eisenhower] a red Bible, which was remarked about in the press, because he always kept it at his bedside. And I suggested to him that he join a church. He said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘I don’t belong to a church, but if I join now, it would look political … INSIDE: I promise you that as soon as the election is over, win or lose, I’m going to join a church.’ And I said, ‘What denomination do you think you’d be?’ and he said, ‘Well, I don’t know, — but,’ he said, ‘my wife is Presbyterian. Do you know any good Presbyterian churches Keeping Counties in Washington?’ And I said, ‘Yes, I certainly do.’ To make a long story short, he joined a church, and the minister baptized him publicly. As President of the United States, he Free of Marijuana took a public stand for Christ. And he chose as his favorite hymn, ‘What a Friend We — Have in Jesus.’” Growing up, President Eisenhower’s family belonged to the Jehovah’s Witnesses.
    [Show full text]