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Top 100 Global Innovators 2021 10-Year Anniversary
Top 100 Global Innovators 2021 10-year anniversary edition Celebrating 10 years of Top 100 Global Innovators Contents 06 Foreword 09 A habit for the new 10 Creating the list 12 Top 100 Global Innovators 2021 18 One year on 24 The hidden value of innovation culture 26 An ideation keel 3 Break– out 4 29 that have led the way. These 29 companies have appeared in the Top 100 Global Innovators list every single year since its inception a decade ago. With an average age of a century, the foundational stories of these firms and the themes they teach, endure and resonate today. Company history information was sourced from publicly available web records, including company websites, and best efforts were made to share with organizations for veracity. Break– 1665 — Saint-Gobain In October 1665, King Louis 14th of France granted a charter to minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert for a new glass and mirror making company, the Royal Mirror Glass Factory. With glassmaking expertise in the 17th century monopolized by Venice, the new company brought valuable Venetian glass makers, and their rare knowledge, across the Alps. After 365 years of prosperity and expansion with orders from the royal household (including the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles), today Saint-Gobain is a out global supplier and innovator of high- performance and sustainable materials (including glass) across a broad range of industries including construction, mobility, health and manufacturing. 1875 — Toshiba In 1875 Hisashige Tanaka opened Tanaka Engineering Works in Tokyo, manufacturing telegraphic equipment. Five years later, Ichisuke Fujioka established Hakunetsu-sha & Company, with a focus on developing the first Japanese-designed electric lamps. -
Periodical Guide for Computerists 1977
PERIODICAL GUIDE FOR COMPUTERISTS An Index of Magazine Articles for Computer Hobbyists January - December 1977 PERIODICAL GUIDE FOR COMPUTERISTS 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS AMATEUR RADIO---------------------- 3 MICROCOMPUTERS ANALOG HARDWARE AND CIRCUITS------- 3 GENERAL------------------------- 36 APPLICATIONS, GENERAL-------------- 4 FUNDAMENTALS AND DESIGN--------- 37 ART--------------------------------5 SELECTION GUIDE----------------- 38 ASTRONOMY--------------------------6 AL TAI R 8800 & 680--------------- 38 BAR CODES--------------------------6 APPLE---------------------------39 BIORYTHMS--------------------------6 DI GIT AL GROUP------------------- 39 BIO FEEDBACK------------------------ 6 ELF & VIP ( COSMAC)-------------- 39 BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS-------------6 HEATHKIT------------------------ 39 BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTING------------ 7 IMSAI--------------------------- 39 CALCULATORS------------------------ 8 INTERCEPT IM6100---------------- 39 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS------------ 9 KIM----------------------------- 39 CLOCKS-----------------------------·9 PET----------------------------- 40 COMMUNICATION---------------------- 10 RADIO SHACK--------------------- 40 CONSTRUCTION----------------------- 10 SOL----------------------------- 40 CONTROL---------------------------- 11 SPHERE-------------------------- 40 CON VE RS ION, CODE------------------- 11 SWTPC--------------------------- 40 CONVERSION, NUMBER BASE------------ 11 WAVE MATE----------------------- 40 DEBUG------------------------------ 12 OTHER MICROCOMPUTERS------------ 41 -
BASIC Programming with Unix Introduction
LinuxFocus article number 277 http://linuxfocus.org BASIC programming with Unix by John Perr <johnperr(at)Linuxfocus.org> Abstract: About the author: Developing with Linux or another Unix system in BASIC ? Why not ? Linux user since 1994, he is Various free solutions allows us to use the BASIC language to develop one of the French editors of interpreted or compiled applications. LinuxFocus. _________________ _________________ _________________ Translated to English by: Georges Tarbouriech <gt(at)Linuxfocus.org> Introduction Even if it appeared later than other languages on the computing scene, BASIC quickly became widespread on many non Unix systems as a replacement for the scripting languages natively found on Unix. This is probably the main reason why this language is rarely used by Unix people. Unix had a more powerful scripting language from the first day on. Like other scripting languages, BASIC is mostly an interpreted one and uses a rather simple syntax, without data types, apart from a distinction between strings and numbers. Historically, the name of the language comes from its simplicity and from the fact it allows to easily teach programming to students. Unfortunately, the lack of standardization lead to many different versions mostly incompatible with each other. We can even say there are as many versions as interpreters what makes BASIC hardly portable. Despite these drawbacks and many others that the "true programmers" will remind us, BASIC stays an option to be taken into account to quickly develop small programs. This has been especially true for many years because of the Integrated Development Environment found in Windows versions allowing graphical interface design in a few mouse clicks. -
DLCC Software Catalog
Daniel's Legacy Computer Collections Software Catalog Category Platform Software Category Title Author Year Media Commercial Apple II Integrated Suite Claris AppleWorks 2.0 Claris Corporation and Apple Computer, Inc. 1987 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 1.0.2 --> 1.1.1 Update Apple Computer, Inc. 1984 400K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 1.1 Apple Computer, Inc. 1986 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 2.0 Apple Computer, Inc. 1987 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 3.1 Apple Computer, Inc. 1987 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 3.2 Apple Computer, Inc. 1988 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 4.0 Apple Computer, Inc. 1988 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 5.0 Apple Computer, Inc. 1989 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 5.0.2 Apple Computer, Inc. 1989 800K Commercial Apple II Reference: Programming ProDOS Basic Programming Examples Apple Computer, Inc. 1983 800K Commercial Apple II Utility: Printer ImageWriter Toolkit 1.5 Apple Computer, Inc. 1984 400K Commercial Apple II Utility: User ProDOS User's Disk Apple Computer, Inc. 1983 800K Total Apple II Titles: 12 Commercial Apple Lisa Emulator MacWorks 1.00 Apple Computer, Inc. 1984 400K Commercial Apple Lisa Office Suite Lisa 7/7 3.0 Apple Computer, Inc. 1984 400K Total Apple Lisa Titles: 2 Commercial Apple Mac OS 0-9 Audio Audioshop 1.03 Opcode Systems, Inc. 1992 800K Commercial Apple Mac OS 0-9 Audio Audioshop 2.0 Opcode Systems, Inc. -
Nov. 7Th Subtype
how objects of a given type can win and they were losing be safely replaced by objects of a opportunities. So I went off and Nov. 7th subtype. did my own thing.” Eubanks spent 15 years as CEO of Symantec Corp [April 24], Diode Vacuum turning it into a profitable software utility and anti-virus Tube Patent business. Nov. 7, 1905 Eubanks is a stamp collector, English electrical engineer, John specializing in items issued in Ambrose Fleming was granted a the US between 1847 and 1861. US patent (803684) for his He has won the American “oscillation valve“, the first Philatelic Society’s “Champion of diode vacuum tube. It found Champions” award twice. almost immediate use as a switch because of its much greater speeds than mechanical John M. Cioffi relays. Barbara Liskov (2010). Photo by Born: Nov. 7, 1956; Many people had experimented Kenneth C. Zirkel. CC BY-SA 3.0. with tubes in the 19th century, Illinois including Thomas Edison [Feb Her 1968 Ph.D. thesis at Cioffi is called “the father of the 11] and Nikola Tesla [July 10]. Stanford was about chess Digital Subscriber Line" (DSL). However, the technology only endgames, and was supervised In particular, his team at Amati became practical with Lee de by John McCarthy [Sept 4]. In Communications came up with a Forest’s 1906 three-terminal 1961, she had applied to study DSL modulation approach called “audion” tube, which later at Princeton, but received a form discrete multitone (DMT). evolved into the triode [Oct 20]. letter explaining that it didn’t At the time, Fleming accused de DMT makes one phone line look accept female students. -
“Not Only Microsoft: the Maturing of the Personal Computer Software
Martin Campbell-Kelly Not Only Microsoft: The Maturing of the Personal Computer Software Industry, 1982-1995 In the thirteen years following the introduction of IBM's first personal computer in 1982, Microsoft rose from being a small concern to become the colossus of the PC software industry. However, Microsoft was not the only software company to profit from the PC-software boom: firms like AutoDesk, Lotus Development, WordPerfect Corp., Ashton-Tate, Novell, Borland, Adobe Systems, Aldus, Symantec, and the Santa Cruz Operation all had their time in the sun. Whereas some of these firms lost their markets to Microsoft or stumbled through strategic errors, others remained hugely successful, and their relative obscurity is largely due to the contemporary obsession with Microsoft and its billionaire founder. he early history of the personal computer is well known. It has fea- Ttured in the press, in numerous popular histories of computing, and in television programs such as Robert X. Cringley's "Triumph of the Nerds."1 Within the business history community, the story is known at a deeper level, partly through the inevitable osmosis that ac- companies the daily use of a personal computer, but also through arti- cles such as Richard Langlois's study of the microcomputer industry, MARTIN CAMPBELL-KELLY is a reader in computer science at the University of War- wick, England. My work on the history of the software industry has been supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (award number R000237065). I would like to thank my research as- sociates at Warwick University, Dr. Mary G. Croarken and Dr. -
Commemorative Booklet for the Thirty-Fifth Asilomar Microcomputer Workshop April 15-17, 2009 Programs from the 1975-2009 Worksho
35 Commemorative Booklet for the Thirty-Fifth Asilomar Microcomputer Workshop April 15-17, 2009 Programs from the 1975-2009 Workshops This file available at www.amw.org AMW: 3dh Workshop Prologue - Ted Laliotis The Asilomar Microcomputer Workshop (AMW) has played a very important role during its 30 years ofexistence. Perhaps, that is why it continues to be well attended. The workshop was founded in 1975 as an IEEE technical workshop sponsored by the Western Area Committee ofthe IEEE Computer Society. The intentional lack of written proceedings and the exclusion of general press representatives was perhaps the most distinctive characteristic of AMW that made it so special and successful. This encouraged the scientists and engineers who were at the cutting edge ofthe technology, the movers and shakers that shaped Silicon Valley, the designers of the next generation microprocessors, to discuss and debate freely the various issues facing microprocessors. In fact, many features, or lack of, were born during the discussions and debates at AMW. We often referred to AMW and its attendees as the bowels of Silicon Valley, even though attendees came from all over the country, and the world. Another characteristic that made AMW special was the "required" participation and contribution by all attendees. Every applicant to attend AMW had to convince the committee that he had something to contribute by speaking during one of the sessions or during the open mike session. In the event that someone slipped through and was there only to listen, that person was not invited back the following year. The decades ofthe 70's and 80's were probably the defining decades for the amazing explosion of microcomputers. -
Case 1:17-Cv-00806-MAK Document 1 Filed 06/22/17 Page 1 of 29 Pageid #: 1
Case 1:17-cv-00806-MAK Document 1 Filed 06/22/17 Page 1 of 29 PageID #: 1 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE SYMANTEC CORPORATION and ) SYMANTEC LIMITED, ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) v. ) C.A. No. _______________ ) ZSCALER, INC., ) JURY TRIAL DEMANDED ) Defendant. ) COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT Plaintiffs Symantec Corporation and Symantec Limited (“Symantec” or “Plaintiffs”) file this complaint for patent infringement against Defendant Zscaler, Inc. (“Zscaler” or “Defendant”) and in support thereof allege and aver as follows: NATURE OF THE ACTION 1. This is an action for patent infringement arising under the patent laws of the United States, 35 U.S.C. § 1 et seq., specifically including 35 U.S.C. § 271. THE PARTIES 2. Symantec Corporation is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, with a principal place of business at 350 Ellis Street, Mountain View, California. 3. Symantec Limited is a company organized under the laws of the Ireland, with a principal place of business at Ballycoolin Business Park Blanchardstown, Dublin, Co. Dublin 15, Ireland. 4. On information and belief, Zscaler is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, with a principal place of business at 110 Rose Orchard Way, San Jose, California. Case 1:17-cv-00806-MAK Document 1 Filed 06/22/17 Page 2 of 29 PageID #: 2 JURISDICTION AND VENUE 5. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this patent infringement action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338(a). 6. Zscaler is deemed to reside in this judicial district by virtue of being incorporated in the State of Delaware. -
Optimization and Visualization of Strategies for Platforms
Optimization and Visualization of Strategies for Platforms, Complements, and Services. by Richard B. LeVine BA, Psychology, State University of New York at Albany, 1980 MS, Computer Science, Union College, Schenectady New York, 1986 SUBMITTED TO THE ALFRED P. SLOAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2003 ©2003 Richard B. LeVine. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author: Alfred P. Sloan School of Management May 8, 2003 Certified by: Professor James Utterback, Chair, Management of Technology Program Reader Certified by: Professor Michael Cusumano, Sloan Management Review Distinguished Professor of Management Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: David Weber Director, Management of Technology Program 1 of 160 Optimization and Visualization of Strategies for Platforms, Complements, and Services by Richard B. LeVine Submitted to the Alfred P. Sloan School of Management on May 8, 2003, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Masters of Science. Abstract This thesis probes the causal elements of product platform strategies and the effects of platform strategy on a firm. Platform strategies may be driven by internal or external forces, and the lifecycle of a firm and of a platform strategy evolve over time in response to both the needs of the firm and the changes in the external environment. This external environment may consist of a “platform ecology,” in which the platform strategies of firms affect one another. -
Exhibit 4 to the Comments of Relpromax Antitrust Inc
EXHIBIT 4 TO THE COMMENTS c OF RELPROMAX ANTITRUST INC. ._ 3 _ _ l- MTC-00030631 0256 P GARY L. BEBACK (Bar No. 218594) SUSAN A. CREIGHTON DAVID A. KILLAM NEIL M. NATHANSON IRWIN R: GROSS WILSON, SONSINI, GOODRICH & ROSATI Professional Corporation 650 Page Mill Road Palo Alto, California 94304-1050 Telephone: (415) 493-9300 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES Plair vs. n No. 94-1564 (SS) ii MICROSOFT CORI FILED Defenc FE13 1 4 1995 S District Court MEMORAT T1%i#kt Of Columbia The economic arguments in 1 _._,,.rulanaum were prepared in extensive consultation wir& the following economists. However, because of the shortness of time, counsel retained complete responsibility for the contents of this document. Garth Saloner W. Brian Arthur Magowan Professor of Economics Citibank Professor and Strategic Management Santa Fe Institute and and c Associate Dean for Morrison Professor of Academic Affairs Population Studies and Graduate School of Business Economics Stanford University Stanford University MTC-00030631 0257 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY ............................ 3 II THE PERMISSIBLE SCOPE OF THIS COURT’S REVIEW .............. 14 III THE ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOFTWARE INDUSTRY .... 20 A. Market And Technology Background ......................... 21 1. The Business Desktop ............................. 24 3L. The Intrabusiness Server ............................ 28 3. The Home-to-Business Server ......................... 31 4. Home Computer Market ............................ 32 5. OLE ........................................ 33 6. Windows ..................................... 34 a. Desktop ................................. 35 b. Server .................................. 35 B. Free Market Forces in Increasing Return Industries ................ 36 IV MICROSOFT’S TACTICS AND PROSPECTS FOR SUCCESS ............ 43 A. Microsoft’s Strategy .................................. -
GUI Wars: the Windows Litigation and the Continuing Decline of "Look and Feel"*
GUI Wars: The Windows Litigation and the Continuing Decline of "Look and Feel"* Nicolas P. Terry" TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ........................................... 93 I. The Development of the Graphical User Interface .......................................... 98 II. A Technical and Commercial Primer ............ 103 III. An Introduction to Copyright Law .............. 110 IV. Litigating the Windows Interface ................ 115 A. The Impact of the 1985 License A greem ent ................................. 115 B. Protectibility and Infringement ............ 119 1. The Dissected Features ................. 126 2. The Rejection of "Look and Feel" ..... 131 3. The Inevitable Summary Adjudication. 134 V. The Rise and Fall of "Look and Feel"........... 139 A. The Broad Question of Interface Copyrightability ............................ 141 B. The Idea-"Expression of Idea" D ichotom y .................................. 144 C. Copyrightability and Substantial Sim ilarity ................................... 151 D. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Judgments .......... 152 Conclusion-Evaluating the Windows Litigation ..... 155 INTRODUCTION In the early summer of 1990 the Microsoft Corporation released version 3.0 of its Windows product, an operating environment with a graphical user interface (GUI).' The * 1993 Nicolas P. Terry. All Rights Reserved. ** Professor of Law, Saint Louis University. I extend my thanks to Alex Giftos, Tracy Litzinger, and Jeff McPherson, my research assistants. 1. Windows 3.0, 3.1, and earlier versions are not in themselves operating sys- tems (or system software or OS) such as Microsoft/IBM DOS, Microsoft's NT, or IBM's OS/2. They require and operate "on top of" DOS 3.1 or later. Notwithstand- 94 ARKANSAS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 47:93 introduction of Windows 3.0 was accompanied by a media blitz. Advertising of the new product was powerful and well directed,2 and Microsoft and third party application vendors had stockpiled software designed for the new oper- ating environment. -
[email protected] QUINN EM
Case3:11-cv-05310-EMC Document54 Filed03/02/12 Page1 of 9 1 Jennifer A. Kash (Bar No. 203679) [email protected] 2 Eric E. Wall (Bar No. 248692) [email protected] 3 QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART & SULLIVAN, LLP 4 50 California Street, 22nd Floor San Francisco, California 94111 5 Telephone: (415) 875-6600 Facsimile: (415) 875-6700 6 David A. Nelson (pro hac vice) 7 [email protected] Robert R. Cleary, Jr. (pro hac vice) 8 [email protected] Aaron Perez-Daple (pro hac vice) 9 [email protected] QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART & 10 SULLIVAN, LLP 500 West Madison Street, Suite 2450 11 Chicago, IL 60661 Telephone: (312) 705-7400 12 Facsimile: (312) 705-7401 13 Kate Cassidy (pro hac vice) [email protected] 14 QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART & SULLIVAN, LLP 15 51 Madison Avenue, 22nd Floor New York, NY 10010 16 Telephone: (212) 849-7000 Facsimile: (212) 849-7100 17 18 Attorneys for plaintiff Symantec Corporation. 19 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 20 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 21 22 SYMANTEC CORPORATION, Case No. 3:11-cv-05310 EMC 23 Plaintiff, AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR 24 vs. PATENT INFRINGEMENT 25 ACRONIS, INC., DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL 26 Defendant. 27 28 Case No. 3:11-cv-05310 EMC AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT AND DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL Case3:11-cv-05310-EMC Document54 Filed03/02/12 Page2 of 9 1 This is a patent infringement action brought before this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 2 1331 and 1338(a), in which Plaintiff, Symantec Corporation (“Symantec”), for its complaint 3 against Defendant, Acronis, Inc.