AWI Quarterly Summer 2001 Volume 50 Number 3 About the Cover AWI Quarterly Cover photograph of Ake by Ursula Keuper-Bennett who recognizes individual Summer 2001 Volume 50 Number 3 sea turtles. Her husband Peter Bennett and she maintain a web site on sea turtles Animal Welfare Institute (www.turtles.org). The WTO recently upheld US regulations that prohibit shrimp imports from countries that do not employ turtle-protection devices (see page 11). Quarterly Turtles are poached cruelly for their shells, which are made into curios and sold Summer 2001 Volume 50 Number 3 on the Japanese market. A conservation Protocol for the Wider Caribbean Region concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) can help protect turtles from international trade (see pages 8-9). It is urgent that the US ratify this Treaty in time for the meetings this September. Write Secretary of State Colin Powell Table of Contents (Department of State, 2201 C Street, NW, Washington, DC 20520) to draw his attention to this important Treaty.

FARM ANIMALS Directors Humane Slaughter Act Resolution Introduced…2 Marjorie Cooke

Roger Fouts, Ph.D. Diane Halverson/AWI David O. Hill Humane Slaughter Act Resolution AWI ceremony Fredrick Hutchison Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Presents AWI’s Albert Schweitzer Medal Cathy Liss Introduced to Polish Humane Hog Farm Advocate, Andrzej Lepper…4-5 Christine Stevens by Tom Garrett Cynthia Wilson What’s at stake in ? This is what is at stake…5 Officers Christine Stevens, President n 1958, Senator Hubert Humphrey and Congressman W.R. Poage shepherded Farm animals, such as these endangered Cynthia Wilson, Vice President the Humane Slaughter Act through the national legislative process. Over forty Fredrick Hutchison, CPA, Treasurer Polish spotted pigs of Zlotniki, “like any other WILDLIFE AND MARINE ANIMALS years later, with great disappointment, it is increasingly evident that the law living beings, possess natural instincts that Marjorie Cooke, Secretary Militants and Profiteers Wipe Out Wildlife in the DRC…6 is being flouted at large slaughter plants across the country. Today, corporate need to be expressed” said Polish farm union Scientific slaughter lines move with such rapidity that every animal cannot be stunned leader Andrzej Lepper. On June 11, Robert F. Killing Continues in Zimbabwe…7 Committee properly and rendered unconscious before being hoisted by a hind leg, violently Kennedy, Jr. presented Mr. Lepper with AWI’s . by Adam M. Roberts Marjorie Anchel, Ph.D. skinned and brutally dismembered. Albert Schweitzer Medal. (See story pages Caribbean Conservation Treaty Spawned…8-9 Gerard Bertrand, Ph.D. To address this horrifying situation, Senator Peter G. Fitzgerald (R, IL) has F. Barbara Orlans, Ph.D. 4-5.) sponsored a concurrent resolution “Expressing the sense of the Congress that the Roger Payne, Ph.D. IHumane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1958 should be fully enforced so as to pre- Trendy Talbots Tied to Tasteless Sales…12 Samuel Peacock, M.D. John Walsh, M.D. vent the needless sufferingWashington of animals.” Post Although enacted over forty years ago, public interest over this issue still Tsukiji’s Fish Market…12 International runs high today. In April, a investigative report entitled “Modern Consumers Can Save the Chilean Sea Bass…13 Committee Meat/A Brutal Harvest,” revealed that there are “repeated violations of the Humane Aline de Aluja, D.M.V., Mexico Slaughter Act at dozens of slaughterhouses” and that USDA inspectors have little Does BC Stand for “Bear Conservation?”…14 T.G. Antikas, D.M.V., Greece support from USDA in enforcing the law. According to the paper, “the USDA has Ambassador Tabarak Husain, Bangladesh stopped tracking the number of violations and dropped all mentions of humane Angela King, United Kingdom FREE TRADE Simon Muchiru, Kenya slaughter from its list of rotating tasks for inspectors.” Senator Fitzgerald, in his Godofredo Stutzin, Chile statement on the Senate floor, lamented the practical impact of the USDA’s futility WTO and Sea Turtles Clash Again and Again…10 Agnes Van Volkenburgh, Poland in inspecting facilities and recording violations: “This is simply unacceptable. We Alexey Yablokov, Ph.D., cannot manage nor regulate what we do not monitor nor measure.” From Antigua andby AdamBarbuda M. Roberts to Venezuela, Another Staff and Thus, S. Con. Res. 45 requests that Secretary of Ann Veneman Kip Evens/NMFS “Free” Trade Agreement…11 Consultants fully enforce the 1958 law to prevent needless animal suffering, resume track- Ava Armendariz, Publications Coordinator ing Humane Slaughter Act violations and report the USDA’s findings to Congress Amy Conklin, Administrative Assistant annually. It further reiterates, “it should be the policy of the that the John Gleiber, Assistant to the Officers slaughtering of livestock and the handling of livestock in connection with slaughter ANIMALS IN LABORATORIES Diane Halverson, Farm Animal Advisor shall be carried out only by humane methods.” Representatives Constance Morella Agony of Animals at Amgen…16 Seals are one of the many animals protected Chris Heyde, Research Associate (R, MD) and Elton Gallegly (R, CA) have introduced a companion resolution in the under SPAW, Specially Protected Areas and Caged Laboratory Animals Drown by the Tens of Thousands…16 Lynne Hutchison, Executive Secretary House of Representatives, H. Con. Res. 175. Wildlife. (See story pages 8-9.) Cathy Liss, Executive Director During the Congressional deliberations on the original humane slaughter bill Nell Naughton, Mail Order Secretary in the ’50s, Congressman Poage noted that the meat packing industry, “up until a Greta Nilsson, Wildlife Consultant BOOK REVIEWS Viktor Reinhardt, D.M.V., Ph.D., few months ago [had] done practically nothing to meet the requirement of human Laboratory Animal Advisor kindness, and even decency in the slaughtering of animals.” It’s truly sad that Con- The Smile of a Dolphin…7 Jennifer Rinick, Research Assistant gress has to remind the USDA and slaughterhouse industry again of the need for Adam M. Roberts, Senior Research Associate basic compassion. The cruelty inflicted on animals in 2001 is even worse than it Saving Sharks from the Jaws of Greed…13 Wendy Swann, Research Associate was when Poage lamented. Ben White, International Coordinator Contact AWI at: PO Box 3650, Washington, DC 20007, phone: (202) 337-2332, facsimile: (202) 338-9478, email: [email protected] or visit AWI’s website at: http://www.awionline.org

Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Presents

AWI’s Albert Schweitzer Medal to Polish Humane What’s at stake in Hog Farm Advocate, Andrzej Lepper Poland? This is what is at stake:

n Monday, June 11th, 2001, in front of a packed sented the award. Water Keeper Alliance has 67 keepers Mansfield Room of the United States Capitol, the around the country who seek to protect and restore water- Albert Schweitzer Medal was awarded to Andrzej ways, including those ravaged by pollution from animal fac- oland is the last oasis O of traditional organic Lepper. Lepper, who has vowed to stop “concentration tories. Water Keeper Alliance is leading a broad legal assault camps for animals” from taking root in Poland, is the charis- against hog factories, which Kennedy has characterized as farming in Europe. Tens of millions of acres of enor- matic President of Samoobrona (“Self-defense” in Polish), “extraordinarily cruel” and lamented what he termed the mously productive farmland a major Polish rural union. “The motto that I have adopted corporate hog farm’s “pollution based prosperity.” During are tilled without chemicals. and that is adopted by the rest of Samoobrona,” Lepper the ceremony, Kennedy recalled a conversation he had with Poland contains the last large, highlighted, “says that if a person is not capable of loving Lepper after the Polish leader toured corporate hog farms free flowing, unpolluted rivers animals and nature they will never be capable of loving along the Neuse River in North Carolina. Kennedy remem- in Europe, the Bug and the another human being.” bered the poignant and provocative reaction that Lepper had, PNarew. It has magnificent Early in 1999, Samoobrona forced the Polish govern- in which he was reminded of “the large state farms that were mountains, wetlands and Jen Rinick/AWI ment to curb a flood of agricultural imports from the Euro- created during the communist years in Poland that were also forests, more parkland and pean Union by blockading roads across Poland. In Septem- notorious for their pollution and their capacity for treating protected area than the four largest EU nations combined ber 1999, after visiting areas in North Carolina infested by not only the human beings who worked on the land but also and by far the most abundant industrial hog factories, Lepper launched a campaign, sup- the animals themselves as units of production, ignoring the wildlife remaining in Europe. ported by AWI, to prevent Virginia-based Smithfield Foods, consequences to the community and the environment and Robert F. Kennedy Jr., presenting Schweitzer award to Andrzej Lepper. Poland is the only potential EU the world’s largest pork production company, from realizing public health in their drive to produce short term cash.” member with large areas of its goal of building a network of hog factories in Poland. By Kennedy asserted: “I think the thing that Animal Welfare unspoiled land. June 2000, Smithfield CEO Joe Luter was forced to admit to Institute has recognized better than anybody else is that the This is the prize that the Washington Post that his plan to establish US “industrial- fate of animals is also our fate….We can’t get away with to protect “our environment, human dignity, the dignity of these animals and of has drawn the agribusiness style” pig farming has no immediate future in Poland. this kind of cruelty to the creatures with whom we share future generations.” Kennedy congratulated him “for the successful battle that [he giants, backed by international “Farm animals,” Lepper once told the University of this planet without having some dire karmic consequences to has] waged against this criminal, bullying, outlaw industry.” bankers, to Polish soil. The first efforts of Big Ag to seize Michigan Law Society, “like any other living beings, pos- ourselves.” Kennedy praised Lepper’s heroism and courage It was Tom Garrett, a rancher from Wyoming, who had the brilliant idea of control have been largely sess natural instincts that need to be expressed. It is essen- for “standing up to these bullies” who try to move industrial inviting Andrzej Lepper and a delegation of Polish activists on a tour of North thwarted. Earlier this spring, tial, therefore, to do everything in our power to allow ani- hog production all over the world, and for Lepper’s efforts Carolina and Virginia to observe hog factory farming, then across the country to after having washed through mals raised on our farms an opportunity to live their lives visit humane pig farms in the Midwest. Tom has been an advisor to the Animal the on a tide of foreign in the most natural conditions possible, to treat them with Welfare Institute for many years on a variety of subjects from global wildlife Trea- lobbying money, an effort respect, dignity and empathy. The right to dignity, in the ties to steel jaw leghold traps. Tom referred to the acute battle against corporate to destroy the Polish Animal case of farm animals, is the right to live without suffering “The ethic of Reverence for Life hog farms and the collaborative international war Samoobrona and AWI waged Welfare Act was smashed in and without being isolated from their natural environment.” against them: “Through Diane Halverson’s videos and Andrzej Lepper’s political the Senat by the intervention In his remarks to the gathering (translated by Agnes Van prompts us to keep each other alert right cross, we stopped Smithfield cold in its grandiose scheme to take over Polish of the great Polish film direc- tor, Andrzej Wajda and other Volkenburgh, who represents Poland on AWI’s International pig production with a big network of factory hog farms.” to what troubles us and to speak directors and performers. I Committee), Lepper criticized the globalists who “pursue and act dauntlessly together in dis- Diane Halverson, AWI’s farm animal advisor, has devoted herself to prevent- called it the second “Miracle of money at all costs without paying attention to the health of ing the suffering of millions of pigs condemned to life imprisonment in metal the Vistula.” people, without paying attention to the health and welfare charging the responsibility that we feel. and concrete crates in hog factories. She wrote AWI’s Humane Standards for The biggest, the only of animals, without paying attention to nature.” Lepper, the It keeps us watching together for independent family farmers who raise pigs on pasture or in straw bedded barns. really durable, obstacle to US indefatigable Polish farm leader, warned Smithfield Foods Diane noted during her remarks that institutional cruelty such as that in corporate style agribusiness in Poland Vice President, General Counsel and Senior Advisor to the opportunities to bring some sort of hog farms is often overlooked, but quoted Albert Schweitzer who said, “Whenever is the stubborn resistance of Chairman, Richard Poulson, that in his efforts to expand help to animals in recompense for an animal is somehow forced into the service of men, every one of us must be Poland’s peasantry. If their into and invade Poland he “will always feel the breath of concerned for any suffering it bears on that account.” resistance is broken, big the great misery that men inflict money will prevail. The stakes Samoobrona on his neck and if that is not enough he will The Animal Welfare Institute, celebrating its 50th Anniversary this year, are huge. The struggle is only have to feel the fist of Polish farmers.” He concluded: “This upon them, and thus for a moment honors individuals who have made an outstanding contribution to the protection of beginning.—Tom Garrett medal is a huge honor not only for me, but for the entire we escape from the incomprehensible animals with the Albert Schweitzer Medal. This tribute, inaugurated in 1953, has Polish movement that’s involved in this battle for the welfare been awarded to deserving individuals ranging from those of modest position who of animals, the humane treatment of animals, for our envi- horror of existence.” have significantly bettered the welfare of animals on a hands-on basis, to towering ronment, and for the safe future of our planet.” —Dr. Albert Schweitzer public figures who have engendered important changes that have improved the lot Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., President of Water Keeper Alli- of hundreds of thousands of animals. Past recipients include Senator Hubert H. ance and a professor at Pace University Law School, pre- Humphrey, Rachel Carson, Senator Bob Dole and Jane Goodall.

4 AWI Quarterly Summer 2001 5 Militants and Profiteers Wipe Then I see movement, to the right of the dead female a shape appears hidden in the grass. A live kudu female baby about seven weeks of age. She was nervous, like any wild Out Wildlife in the DRC animal, where was her mum, (hanging from a tree) what could she do? For four days I tried to gain her trust. On the fifth day she disappeared. Three weeks later I went back into “ llegal exploitation of the mineral golese Democracy based in Goma] the area and there she was. She has survived; she is thin, and forest resources of the Dem- and rich in coltan, only 2 out of 350 very thin but alive and still lively enough to run away from ocratic Republic of the Congo elephant families remained in 2000.” the human enemy. I Paolillo Karen [DRC] is taking place at an alarming Rwandan soldiers are implicated in the In the meantime the owner of that piece of land sent his rate,” according to a recent Panel of trading of elephant and buffalo meat. game scouts back to check for further snares; they found 131! Experts Report issued at the request Other endangered species, includ- Poachers now work in groups of up to 30 men. They scour an of the United Nations Security Coun- ing highly endangered gorillas, are area working singularly laying their snares, or shooting with cil. Natural resource raiding is exacer- under fierce attack in the Congo. their bows and arrows at any bird or animal they see…. They bated by the active external involve- Okapis, the short-necked relative of the remove the meat as a group and make a lot of money selling ment of partisan nations in the region, giraffe whose legs bear markings like it to the highest bidder. notably Rwanda, Uganda, Zimbabwe a zebra, are rapidly dwindling there. Killing Continues …These days the poaching is big business. The poachers and Angola. Even the Okapi Reserve can no longer say they are the bosses, they are the masters, they listen to Some key players in the rape provide safe haven for the roughly in Zimbabwe nobody….The police are on the side of lawlessness in that if of Africa’s natural riches have histor- 5,000 (of the estimated 30,000) okapis a scout tries to protect himself against a poacher, it is the ically exploited civil turmoil for per- surviving in the wild. the Kotecha group of companies based scout who ends up in the jail, not the poacher! sonal gain and are individually named The primary focus of the report in Bukavu and deals in coltan.” ollowing AWI’s article in the Winter 2001 issue, “Ani- I see around me animals daily being killed and there in the report. One notorious culprit, involves looting of mineral resources Unlawful foreign companies fur- mals Caught in Zimbabwe’s Anarchical Land Grab,” we does not appear to be any sunshine at the end of this Mrs. Aziza Kulsum Gulamali, was such as coltan (used in high-tech elec- ther exacerbate the unsustainable timber received a letter from Karen Paolillo of the Turgwe Hippo extremely long and dark tunnel. For us that work for love, also implicated in Burundi’s civil war, tronic products and everyday modern harvests that threaten the DRC’s F the deaths of all of these animals, not for food but for greed Trust, Save Valley Conservancy, in Zimbabwe. An excerpt of her where “she was involved in arms traf- items such as cell phones), gold and remaining forestlands. The Report notes tellingly heartrending and personal letter appears below. and money brings so much pain. Please spare a moment of ficking for the benefit of the Burundian diamonds. A number of western, devel- that a Ugandan-Thai forest company, your time and think about that baby kudu and please try and Hutus and was equally involved in gold oped nations have companies importing DARA-Forest, “consistently exported …three weeks ago my husband and I were patrolling help this Country to return to the peaceful land it was but and ivory trafficking.” coltan including Belgium, Germany, its timber” without proper certification. upstream of our home checking that all was safe for the a short while ago. Wildlife is impacted detrimentally Switzerland, the Netherlands and the The United States is among the list of hippos who are under our care. We find a freshly dead female by the warring in DRC. The Report United Kingdom. In some instances, industrialized countries with companies kudu (an antelope) hanging from a snare. A snare is a wire If you wish to become a foster parent or obtain more infor- notes, for instance, that between 1995 the Panel implicated embassy staff in that import this uncertified timber. noose attached to a tree which, when the animal goes to mation please contact: Karen Paolillo, Turgwe, Hippo Trust, and 1999 “in the area controlled by the facilitating “the purchase of illegal min- This Report is not the only indica- browse a leaf, finds its neck caught, pulls back and the noose Hippo Haven, PO Box 322, Chiredzi, Zimbabwe, phone: Ugandan troops and Sudanese rebels, erals.” For instance: “The United States tion that the volatile state of govern- tightens until the animal either breaks the attached wire and 263- (0) 24-456 or email at [email protected]. nearly 4,000 out of 12,000 elephants honorary consul in Bukavu, as he pre- ment rule in the DRC precludes any has a lingering death as the remaining noose chokes its life were killed in the Garamba Park” in sented himself, Ramnik O. Kotecha, in real oversight over wildlife protection away, or dies like in the case of this north-eastern DRC. Further, “In the addition to promoting deals between and enables corruption by government female attached to the wire hanging Kahuzi-Biega Park, a zone controlled American companies and coltan dealers bureaucrats, complicit foreign corpora- from its struggle to be free. We walk by Rwandans and [the Rally for Con- in the region, is himself Chairman of tions and exploitative corporations to around the area, we find a further 20 flourish. A recent CITES report notes snares, with three more dead animals, that rebels in the DRC had been fal- two kudus and one impala, these ani- sifying CITES documents to export mals had been dead for at least two chimpanzees to a neighboring country, weeks, no poacher had bothered to where “it is suspected the animals were recover his spoil! destined for the bushmeat trade.” Fur- ther, genuine export permits were ille- gally altered to facilitate large-scale

Wildlife Conservation Society/Bronx Zoo Society/Bronx Wildlife Conservation illicit international trade. “In one Above: A snared female kudu, one of instance alone,” CITES alleges, “per- the beautiful African antelopes and one mits authorizing the export of only two of the many species of wildlife cruelly birds were used to export 1,000 birds to caught in the land-grab in Zimbabwe. two different countries.” Right: 18 month old Flood on the left and 6 month old Nelly Storm on the right—two hippos rescued and resid- ing at the Turgwe Hippo Trust, which Even in the DRC’s Okapi Wildlife was created after severe droughts in Reserve, poachers don’t spare the elu- 1991 and 1992.

sive okapi. Karen Paolillo

6 AWI Quarterly Summer 2001 7 By Adam M. Roberts

undreds of species in the Wider tional protection that would not exist Caribbean Region—including were it not for this valuable Treaty. H the American crocodile, Hawks- Nine countries that signed the Pro- bill sea turtle, Brown pelican, Cuba tocol officially have ratified it: Colom- Sandhill crane, St. Lucia parrot, Spec- bia, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, the tacled bear, Giant armadillo, Cuvier’s Netherlands, St. Vincent and the Gren- beaked whales, bottle-nosed dolphins adines, Panama, Venezuela, St. Lucia,

and corals—have gained new protection Trinidad and Tobago. These Parties have Houser/CORBIS G. Dave under a Protocol to the Cartagena Con- historically advocated weak positions Vibrantly plumed scarlet macaws are vention concerning Specially Protected on wildlife conservation and endangered subjected to illegal international trade Areas and Wildlife (SPAW). When species protection. At the most recent and are at risk from the destruction twenty-eight nations signed SPAW in meeting of the Conference of the Parties of their forest homes. Kingston, Jamaica in January 1990, to CITES in Nairobi, Kenya, the Cuban

they did so “conscious of the grave delegation worked tirelessly (though, Stafford-Deitshch J. threat posed by ill-conceived develop- thankfully, unsuccessfully) to reopen the ment options to the integrity of the international trade in hawksbill turtle marine and coastal environment of the shell at the behest of Japan, the primary Wider Caribbean Region.” market for products made from turtle Unlike other multi-lateral conserva- shell, called “bekko.” The representative Bottlenosed Dolphins, the largest of the beaked tion treaties such as the Convention on from the Dominican Republic spoke out dolphins, inhabit shallow, coastal waters, and have International Trade in Endangered Spe- in favor of this failed proposal. Cuba been traded live from Cuba, the US and Mexico to cies of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and St. Vincent and the Grenadines also Portugal, Spain, Honduras, and elsewhere. SPAW not only protects species by pro- spoke out in support of a Japanese pro- hibiting trade in wildlife, but also by posal at CITES to downlist gray whales. prohibiting fishing, hunting or har- Without the involvement and vote of vesting of threatened and endangered the United States in SPAW there may species, and by calling on Parties be no strong conservation voice during to designate protected areas in their the deliberations of the Parties to SPAW. ative for the Senate to give its advice ratify it, and will it be submitted to sovereign jurisdiction to sustain “the nat- In fact, Cuba is scheduled to host the and consent to ratification to enable the the depositary government, Colombia, ural resources of the Wider Caribbean first important meeting of the Parties this United States to have a vote during the in time for the US to have a vote during Region.” Parties shall, for example, “reg- September. Parties’ Havana Conference. The State the first meeting? Tom Brakefield/CORBIS ulate activities, to the extent possible, The Treaty was originally trans- Department, which sends to the Senate Before the historic Party switch that could have harmful effects on the mitted to the United States Senate For- Foreign Relations Committee a letter of Vermont Senator Jim Jeffords, the habitats of the species.” The protected eign Relations Committee on April 20, every two years outlining the Adminis- Chairman of the Committee was Repub- region under SPAW extends throughout 1993 and has lain dormant there for tration’s Treaty priorities, has assured us lican Jesse Helms. On May 15, 2001, the marine environment of the Gulf of eight years now. Then Secretary of State that SPAW will be toward the top of that New Hampshire Senator Bob Smith sent Mexico, the Caribbean Sea and areas off Warren Christopher testified: “All con- priority list. Unfortunately, other, more a letter to Helms encouraging swift the Atlantic coast of Florida. cerned agencies in the Executive Branch controversial Treaties, are slowing down action on the Treaty. “The SPAW Pro- According to an analysis of SPAW strongly support early ratification of the the submission of that letter. tocol will enhance substantially the abil- by the United Nations Environment Pro- Protocol….I recommend, therefore, that The looming question is whether the ity of nations in the Caribbean region to protect indigenous wildlife and the gramme, “248 out of the 481 species the Protocol Concerning Specially Pro- Foreign Relations Committee will agree Endangered ocelots, mainly hunted for their fur, covered by, or proposed to be covered tected Areas and Wildlife in the Wider to move the Treaty under the new leader- habitats on which these species depend,” wrote Senator Smith. The new Senate inhabit jungles, marshes, and tropical rainforests by the SPAW Protocol are also currently Caribbean Region be transmitted to the ship of Senator Joseph Biden (D,DE), from the United States, through Mexico and Cen- regulated under CITES.” This means Senate as soon as possible for its advice who has assisted nobly in saving dol- leadership should listen to Bob Smith tral America, down through Argentina. that 233 out of the 481 species and consent to ratification….” phins from tuna nets. If it does, will and others in support of the SPAW Pro- addressed under SPAW gain interna- Now, there is an immediate imper- the Senate approve it, will the President tocol and approve it without delay.

8 AWI Quarterly Summer 2001 9 export opportunities and market share From Antigua and Barbuda to Venezuela, in the United States for wild-harvested shrimp due to the prolonged import pro- hibition” and appealed to a new WTO Another “Free” Trade Agreement Panel. On June 15, 2001, the WTO Dis- pute Settlement Body upheld America’s By Adam M. Roberts revised turtle protection measures. While the US went through vari- hanks to the multinational commercial take over of sphere.” FTAA will allow corporations to sue governments ous machinations to comply with the the global economy, Americans not versed in the for lost profit based on national regulations or laws. So if Ursula Keuper-Bennett/turtles.org original WTO ruling, Malaysia never lingo of international trade and foreign investment Smithfield Foods tries to force pork products onto consumers even attempted to attain certification as T have been forced to learn a new vocabulary with terms of an FTAA member nation as it has attempted in Poland, a nation that could export shrimp to such as “Government Procurement,” “Sanitary and Phyto- and the government resists, Smithfield can sue that govern- the US. sanitary Standards” and “Technical Barriers to Trade.” We’ve ment, whether it’s in Bolivia or Suriname, for lost profit. Under the WTO, countries should also witnessed a new civil society uprising in the streets So could Weyerhauser sue if prevented from clear cutting be treated equally. Malaysia and the of Seattle, Washington, DC and Quebec, against faceless a forest, or a company affected by a labor strike. This frame- recent Dispute Panel itself treat the US trade bureaucrats who, engaging in their machinations behind work would increasingly cause the gutting of environmental decidedly differently. The Panel con- closed doors, develop policies that can change the way we laws and labor rights considered too expensive to protect in a cludes, for instance, “given its scientific, farm, what we eat and how we protect endangered species. world organized for maximum extraction of corporate profit. diplomatic and financial means, it is rea- The newest force in this global takeover of democratic Maude Barlow, a Director on the Board of the Inter- sonable to expect rather more than less free will is the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). national Forum on Globalization, said, “Under the new from the [US] in terms of serious good FTAA is modeled on the chilling North American Free Trade global food system, agriculture, in which farmers grow food faith efforts.” So as a relatively wealthy WTO and Sea Turtles Agreement (NAFTA) and its predecessor, the General Agree- for people and communities, has been transformed into nation, the US must meet higher stan- ment on Tariffs and a system of agribusi- dards in order to apply its own domestic Trade (GATT), which ness, in which trans- Clash Again and Again legislation to protect animals—the very ultimately yielded the national food corpo- type of unequal treatment about which World Trade rations produce food Malaysia complains. Organization (WTO). for profit and food urtles symbolize the over-reach- established the WTO) allows for ten Further, Malaysia defended the Having failed to imple- safety standards and ing impact of globalization and exceptions to international trade deal- rights of “sovereign harvesting nations” ment the pro-cor- the rights of farmers the corporate usurpation of “free ings, including measures “relating to by arguing that it was unfair for the T poration Multilateral are of little or no trade.” This, after the Animal Welfare the conservation of exhaustible natural US to determine unilaterally what con- Agreement on concern.” Institute led protestors through the resources.” However, it must also be ditions must be met in order to export Investment (MAI), Barlow continues, streets of Seattle, Washington and determined that such a regulation is not shrimp to America. But if Malaysia sug- FTAA negotiators just “The FTAA draft, as Washington, DC in public demon- applied arbitrarily or discriminately. gests that it loses sovereignty by having extracted insidious it now stands, contains stration against the damaging applica- The WTO decided that the US sea to do certain things to gain access to the provisions from no safeguards for the tion of the World Trade Organization’s turtle law was necessary to conserve US market, surely it would agree that NAFTA and WTO to Kirk Anderson environment.” It will (WTO’s) obscure trade rules on animal natural resources, but the implemen- the US loses its own sovereignty without create the largest free be harder to protect welfare, conservation and environmen- tation of the law was arbitrary and the power to set its own import regula- trade zone in the threatened and endan- tal legislation. unjustifiably discriminated against the tions to protect endangered species. world—affecting 800 gered wildlife. While US law requires shrimp trawlers to WTO member countries that brought The recent Panel ruling suggests million people in under GATT foreign employ turtle-excluder devices (TEDs), the case. that animals and the environment can thirty-four nations. nations challenged our which prevent turtles from drowning in To comply with this unaccount- be protected under the WTO—the out- Negotiations on FTAA began in 1994 and are scheduled strong laws prohibiting importation of dolphin deadly tuna, shrimp nets. The National Marine Fish- able international trade body’s ruling, standing question is whether we should for completion by 2005. President Bush remarked, “A recent under FTAA, not only can Latin and South American govern- eries Service (NMFS) estimates “that the US amended its regulations, easing have to endure five years of legal wran- summit in Quebec symbolized the new reality in our hemi- ments challenge our conservation laws, but foreign fishing TEDs are effective at excluding up to the requirements for compliance, gling and other contortions in order to sphere.” Unfortunately, the “new reality” is dismal—in fact, fleet owners, tuna canneries and other corporations poten- 97% of sea turtles” from shrimp nets. enhancing due process by commu- apply this much needed animal pro- the Quebec meeting of dignitaries was held behind concrete tially could sue the US as well! No shrimp may be imported into nicating directly with nations request- tection. And, of course, Malaysia can and chain link fence barriers, preventing protestors from President Bush is urging Congress to grant him fast track America from countries not certified ing certification to export shrimp to appeal once more. as having sound comparable regulatory the US, offering technical assistance making their views known. Part of the inherent problem in negotiating power, now dubbed “trade promotion authority,” policies involving the use of TEDs by to countries requesting it and negotiat- assessing the impacts of FTAA text is that it has not been which sounds misleadingly benign. This prevents Congress shrimp trawlers, unless shrimp harvest- ing multilateral sea turtle conservation made widely available for public review, but lessons learned from altering the text of trade agreements negotiated by the from NAFTA allow for general assessments about FTAA’s ing does not involve sea turtles. This agreements. The National Marine Fish- Hawksbill sea turtles, like other turtle White House. According to Reuters, Bush warned that pro- TEDs law was challenged by India, eries Service even held training work- species (green, loggerhead, flatback, potential impact. tecting the environment and labor standards “must not be an Malaysia, Pakistan and Thailand in shops in Pakistan and Australia. leatherback, olive ridley, and Kemp’s FTAA should make it more difficult to protect family excuse for self-defeating protectionism.” FTAA will not pro- 1996 as an unfair barrier to free trade. Dissatisfied with America’s exten- ridley) are in danger of extinction. US farmers and fight transnational corporate agribusinesses. tect the environment and animal protection laws adequately, Article XX of the 1994 General sive efforts, Malaysia argued that its leadership and international protection FTAA’s negotiating group on Agriculture’s mission is to similar to its global predecessors. The sad global reality Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (which “exporters continue to suffer a loss of are vital to their long-term survival. improve market access for agricultural products and “prevent is to push for corporate free trade agreements instead of protectionist trade practices and facilitate trade in the hemi- democratic fair trade agreements.

10 AWI Quarterly Summer 2001 11 Does BC Stand for “Bear reportedly have been in the region at THE Smile of a Dolphin least 12,000 years). Initially, logging bans and moratoria will be established Remarkable Accounts of Animal Emotions Conservation?” in an area of the Great Bear Rainforest including the region known as the Central Coast, as part of a Land he Government of British While over half of the world’s tem- and Resources Management Planning Edited by Marc Bekoff Columbia, Canada (BC), which perate rainforest has been wiped out, Process. The first phase creates twenty HighlyDiscovery recommended Books, New York, October 2000 T recently instituted a moratorium British Columbia contains a quarter permanently protected rainforest 224 pages; 120 illustrations; $35 ISBN 1-563-31925-X on grizzly bear hunting, has now of all that remains. Logging corpora- valleys where industrial development is arc Bekoff, a professor of Organismic biology approved vital provisions of a frame- tions subject these remnants to constant prohibited. Another sixty-nine valleys at the University of Colorado at Boulder, is a work agreement to protect critical val- assault, massively clear cutting the trees are designated “Option Areas,” where prolific author and editor. In Smile of a Dolphin, leys in the Great Bear Rainforest. for profit. logging is deferred for two years M he has struck a groundbreaking collaboration with Discov- Additional bilateral accords have been The overall consensus while further management plans are ery Books, which has provided his book with the most reached between nongovernmental envi- recommendations for protecting parts considered. magnificent illustrations of an enormous variety of animal ronmental organizations and multina- of the Great Bear Rainforest were The relevant rainforests on the west emotions—actually 120 in number. He has categorized these tional timber corporations. According developed with input from numerous coast of British Columbia are home to under the headings of Love, followed by Fear, Aggression to Catherine Stewart, Greenpeace Can- stakeholders in the region: millennium-old spruce trees and wind- and Anger, then Joy and Grief and, finally, Fellow Feel- was sufficient to convince me that worm-catching for foxes ada’s Forest Campaigner, “Consumers environmentalists, workers, community ing salmon streams, grizzly and black ings—a strikingly similar series of categories to that of is culture passed on from mother to cub.” around the world have demanded an representatives, small business owners bears (including the remarkable Spirit Charles Darwin’s 1871 bestseller, The Expression of the Deborah and Roger Fouts of the Great Ape project end to the destruction of these spectacu- and large logging companies. Bear—an American black bear that has Emotions in Man and Animals. and the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute, lar forests and their voices have been Importantly, the plan also was crafted white fur), mountain goats and blacktail In 1967, the Animal Welfare Institute issued a 54-page Central Washington University, wrote a powerful summary heard. This agreement is a significant with valuable input from the indigenous deer, owls, eagles, cormorants, ducks publication entitled Animal Expressions: A Photographic based on their 30 years’ study of chimpanzees. “…we’ve first step towards ensuring a future for First Nations people, who should be and marbled murrelets. Sea lions, seals, Footnote to Charles Darwin’s The Expression of the Emo- come to believe that we share all our emotions with them. these ancient forests and all the species considered the legitimate governors of whales, dolphins and porpoises are also tions in Man and Animals. Photographs were arranged Such differences that exist are merely of degree.” that call them home.” this, their traditional territory (they present in the coastal waters of the area. under six categories: Affection; Joy; Contentment; Pain, The description of the five chimpanzees’, Washoe, In announcing the recent conser- Anger, Anxiety and Depression; Astonishment; and Terror. Moja, Tatu, Loulis and Dar, joy when their ideal new quar- vation agreement, BC Premier Ujjal Now Discovery Books has developed animal photogra- ters were finally built is inspiring: “As Washoe stared out of Dosanjh asserted that, “The area phy so splendid that a wholly new light has been shed on the window onto her sunlit garden, she began to scream with referred to as the Great Bear Rainforest Darwin’s powerful insight into the continuum of emotions delight usually saved for Christmas morning. She hugged is an icon of the unique environmental felt and expressed by the human and great numbers of Loulis and ran toward the glass doors and signed OUT, and cultural values BC can share with other species. But Darwin gets a bad review in Stephen Jay OUT. Our plan had been to give the chimpanzees two weeks the world.” While the resource plan does Gould’s Foreword, which stresses the “Darwinian observ- to acclimate to their new home, but they spent those first not bring an end to over-exploitative ers” and “Darwinian motor” and—worst of all—“Darwin’s days begging to go OUT. So on the third day, after break- logging in British Columbia, it does lay or anyone else’s restricted human philosophy.” Despite this fast, we told them, TODAY YOU GO OUT. Washoe leaped the groundwork for the long-term con- hostile sendoff, Bekoff’s Introduction gives Darwin’s think- up and parked herself by the hydraulic door that leads to the servation of much of this magnificent ing full credence as do his section introductions, and the outside upper deck. She waited there for more than an hour, natural gift to the world. body of the book contains fascinating contributions. with Loulis right behind her. He seemed a little nervous and David Macdonald, the Oxford University expert on needed his mother’s reassurance. foxes, describes the gentle teachings of an old vixen to a “Finally, the door slid up, Loulis swaggered, then single cub who learns how to capture earthworms, a staple seemed to think better of it and sat back down. Washoe waited for him patiently, but Dar squeezed by and exploded Ian McAllister The reclusive Spirit Bear inhabits rainfor- of fox diet. Macdonald says, “Infrared binoculars revolu- est valleys in British Columbia, Canada, tionized my study of Red Foxes.” He called these glasses out the door and down the stairs to the ground. He raced which are under assault by loggers. Con- “the hot eye.” across the grass field with an ecstatic movement that looked tinued attention to their plight is vital for “On a moonless night, I stalked across a favored worm- like quadrupedal skipping. He headed directly for the far their survival. ing pasture with the hot eye. After many minutes of silent terrace, climbed to the top of the thirty-two-foot-high fence, footsteps, I reached a ridge, raised the binoculars and peered and gazed out over Ellensburg. Then he turned toward us over. There I saw Toothypeg standing not thirty meters from and let out a loud pant-hoot of happiness. Washoe was the Bequests to AWI me, accompanied by her leggy cub. Toothypeg, so called next one out. She stood upright and surveyed the terraces, because only one worn canine tooth remained in her antique the garden, and the familiar human faces at the observation If you would like to help assure the Animal Welfare Institute’s future through a provision in your will, muzzle, was my oldest radio-collared fox, then approaching window below. Stretching out her leg, she touched her toes this general form of bequest is suggested: her ninth birthday…Several days later, I saw Toothypeg and to the first step and then pulled them back. Then she noticed I give, devise and bequeath to the Animal Welfare Institute, located in Washington, D.C., the sum of $______and/or her cub again. Experience still weighed in the old vixen’s Debbi was standing near the fence. Washoe walked over (specifically described property). favor; she caught four worms each minute to her cub’s one. with a spring in her step, reached through the fence, and But by the time our paths crossed again a month later, he’d kissed Debbi through the wire. This was clearly her way Donations to AWI, a not-for-profit corporation exempt under Internal Revenue Code Section 501(c)(3), are tax deductible. graduated with distinction and was catching as proficiently of saying thank you, and Debbi was moved to tears by We welcome any inquiries you may have. In cases where you have specific wishes about the disposition of your bequest, as his mother. It’s an observation I’ve never repeated, but it Washoe’s thoughtful gratitude.” we suggest you discuss such provisions with your attorney.

12 AWI Quarterly Summer 2001 13 Trendy Talbots Tied to The authors lead us through the countries most heavily Saving Sharks Tasteless Sales involved in the trade: from Hong Kong, “the center of the from the Jaws of global shark fin trade” to China, “the major importer” and “the world’s largest consumer of shark fin.” he Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) has Greed In the US Congress last year, the Shark Finning Prohibi- recently released a report revealing the link between tion Act was enacted. In February, the United States Depart- Talbots clothing stores and the sale of whale, porpoise he legendary image ment of Commerce issued its “National Plan of Action for the and dolphin products across Japan by their parent company of sharks portrayed Conservation and Management of Sharks.” Hopefully, The JUSCO, one of Japan’s largest supermarket operators. in movies such as End of the Line? will spur all nations involved in killing and Talbots Inc., a retailer of women’s specialty clothing Jaws perpetuates remark- consuming sharks to implement similar regulations to ensure since 1947, owns and operates 733 stores in the United able fear among humans. their survival.

States, the United Kingdom and Canada. In June 1988, Environmental Investigation Agency In fact, many species of For more information, contact: WildAid, 450 Pacific JUSCO USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Japanese Unloading Dall’s porpoise from a truck, Iwate Coast, Japan. sharks have experienced Ave., Suite 201, San Francisco, CA 94133, or log on to retail conglomerate JUSCO Co. Ltd. (JUSCO), purchased dramatic population www.wildaid.org. the Talbots franchise. JUSCO USA currently owns approxi- declines as a result of cruel kill- Tmately 58.1% of the outstanding common stock in Talbots. ing and poorly managed fisheries across the globe. Since JUSCO acquired majority ownership of the Tal- A new report from WildAid, The End of the Line?, describes bots chain in 1988, more than a quarter of a million whales, in great detail the threats facing sharksT worldwide. dolphins and porpoises have been killed by Japanese hunters Tsukiji’s Fish Market While sharks have swum through the oceans of the in poorly regulated and unsustainable hunts. JUSCO’s large world for as long as 400 million years, according to distribution chain has enabled the Japanese whale and dol- WildAid’s Executive Director, Peter Knights, “Sharks are phin hunting industry to thrive in spite of repeated interna- The Financial Times likely to be in the first round of marine extinctions caused tional censure. apan’s biggest fish market opens at dawn. Nick by human activity.” The End of the Line? reveals some of EIA’s recent investigations in Japan have established that Haslam described it in 5 May the myriad reasons for which sharks are killed: to consume JUSCO’s supermarket chain is a large distributor of whale 2001: their meat, to use their body parts in medicines and teeth for and dolphin meat and blubber, with products being sold “Tsukiji’s daily turnover is in excess of $25 million.… jewelry, and, increasingly, to slice off their fins for shark fin in hundreds of stores throughout Japan. EIA surveyed 388 Those big fish at our feet had been caught in long lines in soup. As described in the Report: “The shark is hauled up on the South Pacific or the Mediterranean only days before JUSCO owned supermarkets in Japan and found that almost deck, the fins sliced off, and the shark—often still alive— and then placed on ice packed in special wooden con- half sold whale meat. Subsequent site visits across Japan thrown back into the sea. This conserves space in the hold revealed whale, dolphin or porpoise meat on sale in 22 out tainers to be air-freighted to Japan as soon as the trawler docked at its home port. …Wriggling eels were sliced for high-value food species such as tuna and swordfish.” of 37 stores. Jon chopping boards, large blocks of red whale meat and The Report highlights threats to various specific shark JUSCO supermarkets sell whale meat from protected innumerable species of shellfish and crab lay decoratively species such as the great white shark, fished for sport and minke whales hunted in the Antarctic Whale Sanctuary and stacked on piles of finely chopped ice.…Nearby, massive killed for its jaws, and the world’s largest fish, the whale the Pacific Ocean; they also sell dolphin and porpoise meat tuna were being cut up by three men skillfully wielding shark, targeted for fins “sometimes fetching thousands of Visions Taylor/Interspace R. and V. from coastal populations that are threatened or in decline. razor sharp long swords.” dollars a set—for use in soup and as displays to advertise Sharks are caught as bycatch in most of the world’s fisher- DNA analysis of samples taken from JUSCO supermarkets Long lines attract sea birds who see the bait from shark fin soup.” ies. revealed minke whale, bottlenose dolphin, Dall’s porpoise, above and plunge in, often to be hooked and drowned. short-finned pilot whale and sei whale (a species that has These birds include the wandering albatrosses in the

been internationally protected since 1986). South Pacific. An endangered species of albatross is G. Robertson being led toward extinction by long line fisheries. Not only does JUSCO USA own Talbots, the two com- Petrels, too, are frequently captured in long line Consumers Can Save Chilean Sea Bass panies are also closely united in corporate governance. Four fisheries, where they die. The sea birds most praised of the nine Directors on the Talbots Board hold key executive by poets are being wiped out by this fishery in order to n the Winter 2001 issue of the AWI Quarterly, we noted the conservation horror offices within JUSCO or JUSCO USA. supply the expensive tuna to Tsukiji’s fish market. surrounding the fishing for Patagonian toothfish, sold commercially as “Chilean Talbots is inextricably linked to JUSCO, and EIA is call- EnvironmentalNoting that Nick Investigation Haslam described Agency the whale meat sea bass.” The campaign is paying off. Whole Foods and Wild Oats markets ing on the Board of Talbots to persuade its parent company as being offered in “large blocks of red whale meat,” have already stopped selling Chilean sea bass. the (EIA), which has (JUSCO) to ban the sale of all whale, dolphin and porpoise Illegal fishing for toothfish in the Southern Ocean is hazardous not only for products in its stores permanently. followed boats pursuing the large dolphins called Dall’s Porpoises, questions “What kind of whale?” Japan has the fish themselves, but for other wildlife in and around the waters.According to given itself a “Scientific Permit” to kill minke whales in the The Antarctica Project, “It is common practice in the illegal fishery to dynamite Antarctic Ocean. To sell the meat from these challenged the [Sperm and Killer] whales when they are discovered in the area where the ACTION “scientific studies” means that the blocks of meat came fishing takes place” and “...hundreds of thousands of endangered albatrosses and from minke whales or, this year, from sperm whales or petrels dive for the [fish] bait and become hooked and drowned.” Tell Talbots they have a whale of a prob- Bryde’s whales who for the first time were included in the You can help this embattled fish species and the other magnificent imperiled lem! Write to Talbots CEO Arnold Zetcher: One Talbots Japanese self-awarded scientific permit. Or it could have Ispecies that share the toothfish’s ocean home by urging your supermarket not to Drive, Hingham, MA 02043 or fax him at (781) 741-4369 come from Dall’s Porpoise meat which is often canned carry Chilean sea bass. and ask him to demand that JUSCO permanently ban and labeled “kujira,” or whale meat. the sale of cetacean products in its stores. Log on to www.ecocrimes.org for more information and to send an automatic webfax to the CEO of Talbots. Wandering Albatross drowned on pirates’ illegal longline.

14 AWI Quarterly Summer 2001 15 Agony of Animals at Amgen Caged nadequately anesthetized mice website, “is the world’s largest indepen- Laboratory were sliced open and had their dent biotechnology company.” USDA Animals Drown by the organs cut out by a research assis- has cited Amgen with failing to comply I Tens of tant at a California-based laboratory, with the modest legal requirements according to a United States Depart- for veterinary care, Institutional Animal Thousands ment of Agriculture (USDA) inspection Care and Use Committee (IACUC) report. The approved research protocol, responsibilities, personnel and training. which was ignored, stated that the mice Despite these serious problems, Amgen would be dead when their organs were is accredited by the Association for the Flooding in Houston, Texas on “harvested.” Three of the institution’s Assessment and Accreditation of Labo- June 9 and 10 caused the death by drowning of more than 35,000 veterinarians and a veterinary techni- ratory Animal Care (AAALAC), Inter- animals used for experimentation national. cian attempted, but failed to stop the at Baylor College of Medicine employee from continuing with the tor- Mice are not currently being pro- and the University of Texas Medi- turous procedure. The assistant had tected under the Animal Welfare Act. cal School. The animals, which been cited twice before for causing Though the law mandates protection for included dogs, primates, rab- pain and distress in mice and rats so all warm-blooded animals, the regula- bits, mice and rats, were trapped she should not have been experiment- tions for enforcement of the law specifi- in their cages. The National ing on animals at all. cally exclude mice, rats and birds. We Institutes of Health has said it This egregious situation occurred know about this incident only because will work to “accommodate the setbacks” in the federally funded at Amgen, Inc., which according to its an alert USDA veterinary inspector research (a bonanza for animal realized that Amgen’s failure to protect dealers), but has not announced rodents suggested the facility would “…it seemed obvious that the any practical plans to prevent a not adequately protect the other warm- veterinarian, and perhaps other repetition of this tragedy. One can blooded animals being experimented only imagine the terror of the ani- IACUC members, feared repri- on at the facility and noted it on her mals confined in cages in base- sal for discussing the details of inspection report. ment laboratories throughout the the incident with us…. Employ- Research industry groups are rally- vast medical complexes as they ees who fear reprisal will not ing scientific organizations in an effort listened to the frenzied struggle to prevent the legal protection of mice, of their fellows drowning in the report deficiencies they discover, lower tiers of cages as the water rats and birds used for experimentation. and such deficiencies will then inexorably rose. go uncorrected.” They argue that there is no need for protection of these vulnerable animals. —USDA Veterinary Inspector, Jan. 13, 2000 This is nonsense.

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