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Advances in OptoElectronics Optofluidics for Lab-on-a-Chip Guest Editors: Eric P. Y. Chiou, Aaron T. Ohta, Zhihong Li, and Steven T. Wereley Optofluidics for Lab-on-a-Chip Advances in OptoElectronics Optofluidics for Lab-on-a-Chip Guest Editors: Eric P. Y. Chiou, Aaron T. Ohta, Zhihong Li, and Steven T. Wereley Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Advances in OptoElectronics.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Armin G. Aberle, Singapore Yaomin Lin, USA Richard Rizk, France Ralf Bergmann, Germany Wenning Liu, USA Lucimara Stolz Roman, Brazil Xian An Cao, USA Yalin Lu, USA Jayanta K. Sahu, UK Wen-Chang Chen, Taiwan Alfred Margaryan, USA Somenath N. Sarkar, India Philippe Goldner, France Samir K. Mondal, India Vasily Spirin, Mexico Jung Y. Huang, Taiwan Satishchandra B. Ogale, India ChangQ.Sun,Singapore Anthony J. Kenyon, UK Adrian Podoleanu, UK Yuqin Zong, USA Contents Optofluidics for Lab-on-a-Chip, Eric P. Y. Chiou, Aaron T. Ohta, Zhihong Li, and Steven T. Wereley Volume 2012, Article ID 935325, 2 pages In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of COOH-Functionalized SWCNTs Trapped with Optoelectronic Tweezers, Peter J. Pauzauskie, Arash Jamshidi, Joseph M. Zaug, Sarah Baker, T. Y.-J. Han, Joe H. Satcher Jr., and Ming C. Wu Volume 2012, Article ID 869829, 4 pages An Optically Controlled 3D Cell Culturing System, Kelly S. Ishii, Wenqi Hu, Swapnil A. Namekar, and Aaron T. Ohta Volume 2011, Article ID 253989, 8 pages Optoelectrofluidic Manipulation of Nanoparticles and Biomolecules, Hyundoo Hwang and Je-Kyun Park Volume 2011, Article ID 482483, 13 pages Light-Driven Droplet Manipulation Technologies for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications, Sung-Yong Park and Pei-Yu Chiou Volume 2011, Article ID 909174, 12 pages Fluorescence Detection 400–480 nm Using Microfluidic System Integrated GaP Photodiodes, Dion McIntosh, Qiugui Zhou, Francisco J. Lara, James Landers, and Joe C. Campbell Volume 2011, Article ID 491609, 4 pages Electrodes for Microfluidic Integrated Optoelectronic Tweezers, Kuo-Wei Huang, Sabbir Sattar, Jiang F. Zhong, Cheng-Hsu Chou, Hsiung-Kuang Tsai, and Pei-Yu Chiou Volume 2011, Article ID 375451, 10 pages Optoelectronic Heating for Fabricating Microfluidic Circuitry, Gauvain Haulot and Chih-Ming Ho Volume 2011, Article ID 237026, 10 pages Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes between Electrodes by Utilizing Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis and Dielectrophoresis,Pei-FangWuandGwo-BinLee Volume 2011, Article ID 482741, 6 pages From Spheric to Aspheric Solid Polymer Lenses: A Review, Kuo-Yung Hung, Po-Jen Hsiao, Fang-Gang Tseng, and Miao-Chin Wei Volume 2011, Article ID 197549, 14 pages Moldless PEGDA-Based Optoelectrofluidic Platform for Microparticle Selection, Shih-Mo Yang, Tung-Ming Yu, Ming-Huei Liu, Long Hsu, and Cheng-Hsien Liu Volume 2011, Article ID 394683, 8 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in OptoElectronics Volume 2012, Article ID 935325, 2 pages doi:10.1155/2012/935325 Editorial Optofluidics for Lab-on-a-Chip Eric P. Y. Chiou,1 Aaron T. Ohta,2 Zhihong Li,3 and Steven T. Wereley4 1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA 3 National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China 4 Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Eric P. Y. Chiou, [email protected] Received 22 December 2011; Accepted 22 December 2011 Copyright © 2012 Eric P. Y. Chiou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Optofluidic devices are gaining popularity due to the flexibil- create fluidic structures on demand. “Moldless PEGDA-based ity and ease of optical actuation and detection. These features optoelectrofluidic platform for microparticle selection” by S.-M. are important for miniaturized lab-on-a-chip systems, which Yang et al. also presents a method for forming microfluidic are often tricky to interface with larger benchtop equipment. channels; in this case, using UV-initiated polymerization for Droplets, fluids, and particles can be manipulated using creating channels on an optoelectronic device designed to optofluidic devices. Simply adjusting the optical source select individual microbeads. can often reconfigures the type of manipulation, making Along with these papers of this issue, other papers involve optofluidics very adaptable compared to other methods. dielectrophoresis and optically induced dielectrophoresis. One unique feature of this special issue is its focus on The paper by P.-F. Wu and G.-B. Lee uses these two forces to indirect optical manipulation methods, in which light energy arrange carbon nanotubes between electrodes, towards the is used to trigger electric field, generate heat, or trigger goal of creating carbon nanotube sensors. The paper by P. J. rapidly expanding bubbles to achieve various manipulation Pauzauskie et al. also uses optically induced dielectrophoresis functions, instead of using direct optical forces. to trap nanotubes, which are detected in situ using Raman “Light-driven droplet manipulation technologies for lab- spectroscopy. The paper by K.-W. Huang et al. presents on-a-chip applications” by S.-Y. Park and E. P. Y. Chiou transparent electrodes that can be used to integrate devices reviews various optical methods for droplet manipulation. for optically induced dielectrophoresis with microfluidic Digital microfluidics is quite popular due to the compart- channels. mentalization and reduced cross-contamination provided “An optically controlled 3D cell culturing system” by K. by individual droplets. “Optoelectrofluidic manipulation of S. Ishii et al. uses optothermal heating to trigger a polymer nanoparticles and biomolecules” by H. Hwang and J.-K. phase transition that can be used to trap cells that are to be Park reviews techniques that combine optical and electrical cultured. This can potentially be used to create cell cultures effects in fluidic environments for the manipulation of with minimal contamination. “From spheric to aspheric solid nanoparticles and biomolecules such as proteins and DNA. polymer lenses: a review” by K.-Y. Hung et al. presents meth- “Optoelectronic heating for fabricating microfluidic cir- ods for creating lenses for optical and optofluidic devices. cuitry” by G. Haulot and C.-M. Ho demonstrates the The paper by D. McIntosh et al. demonstrates a microfluidic formation of microfluidic channels by using optoelectronic chip integrated with photodiode-based fluorescence detector heaters to melt frozen liquids. This can potentially be used to that was used to detect the concentration of an antibiotic. 2 Advances in OptoElectronics Together, the papers in this special issue cover a wide range of topics in the growing field of optofluidics. Eric P. Y. Chiou Aaron T. Ohta Zhihong Li Steven T. Wereley Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in OptoElectronics Volume 2012, Article ID 869829, 4 pages doi:10.1155/2012/869829 Research Article In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of COOH-Functionalized SWCNTs Trapped with Optoelectronic Tweezers Peter J. Pauzauskie,1, 2 Arash Jamshidi,3 Joseph M. Zaug,1 Sarah Baker,1 T. Y.-J. Han,1 Joe H. Satcher Jr.,1 andMingC.Wu3 1 Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue L-231, Livermore, CA 94551, USA 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 3 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Peter J. Pauzauskie, [email protected] Received 2 May 2011; Revised 2 November 2011; Accepted 16 November 2011 Academic Editor: Eric Pei Yu Chiou Copyright © 2012 Peter J. Pauzauskie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Optoelectronic tweezers (OETs) were used to trap and deposit aqueous dispersions of carboxylic-acid-functionalized single- walled carbon nanotube bundles. Dark-field video microscopy was used to visualize the dynamics of the bundles both with and without virtual electrodes, showing rapid accumulation of carbon nanotubes when optical virtual electrodes are actuated. Raman microscopy was used to probe SWCNT materials following deposition onto metallic fiducial markers as well as during trapping. The local carbon nanotube concentration was observed to increase rapidly during trapping by more than an order of magnitude in less than one second due to localized optical dielectrophoresis forces. This combination of enrichment and spectroscopy with a single laser spot suggests a broad range of applications in physical, chemical, and biological sciences. 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods One persistent challenge in molecular sensing is the enrich- 2.1. Carbon Nanotube Sample Preparation. COOH-func- ing of candidate analytes to concentrations high enough tionalized carbon nanotubes have been used
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