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An Illustrated Key to the Potamogetonaceae of Alberta

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An Illustrated Key to the Potamogetonaceae of Alberta AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE POTAMOGETONACEAE OF ALBERTA Compiled and writen by Lorna Allen & Linda Kershaw April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using informaton primarily from Brayshaw (2000) and the Flora North America Editorial Commitee (2000). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015). Please let us know if there are ways in which the key can be improved. The 2015 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; SU, according to ACIMS, 2016) are not- ed in superscript (S1;S2;SU) afer the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotc species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious (X; XX; XXX) according to the Alberta Weed Control Act (2016). POTAMOGETONACEAE Pondweed Family Key to Genera 01a Leaves ± opposite, the base and stipule sheath of one in each leaf pair arising within the sheath of the other, stipule sheaths encircling the stem, not attached to the lower part of the leaf blade; fowers either male or female; male fowers with 1 stamen ................... .................Zannichellia palustris 01b Leaves mainly alternate (some upper leaves 1a may appear ± opposite); sheaths joined or not joined to the lower part of the leaf; fowers with male and female parts; stamens 2 or 4 ...02 2a 02a Stipule sheaths (→) of underwater leaves free from the lower part of the leaf blade, or joined for <½ the length of the stipule; leaves underwater and foating or all underwater; → underwater blades semi-transparent, fat (not channeled); fower clusters on stiff stalks, usually held above the water, usually with 2b contiguous whorls of fowers. Potamogeton 02b Stipule sheaths (→) of underwater leaves joined to lower leaf blade for ≥2/3 of the stipule length; leaves all underwater; blades opaque (not semi-transparent), channeled; fower → clusters on fexible stalks, not held above the water (sometimes foating), usually with well separated lower whorls of fowers Stuckenia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - POTAMOGETON Pondweed → 01a Stipules of underwater leaves joined to the lower part of the leaf blade, tipped with a small, pointed outgrowth (ligule; →) ...........02 01b Stipules of underwater leaves free from the leaf blade or ≤1/5 joined to the lower blade, no obvious ligule .......................03 1a 1b 02a Floating leaves absent; underwater leaves stiff, in 2 vertical rows (ranks) on the stem, lobed at the junction with the stipule, edged with small, sharp teeth, with 20-60 veins; fowering stalks branched .......Potamogeton robbinsii S1 02b Floating leaves often present, oval; underwater leaves lax, not conspicuously 2-ranked, smooth edged, without basal lobes, with ≤20 veins; fowering stalks unbranched ......... 2a ........... Potamogeton diversifolius SU 2b 03a Underwater leaves broadly linear-oblong to nearly circular, 3-58 mm wide ...........04 03b Underwater leaves thread- or ribbon-like, 0.1- 10 mm wide ........................10 3 04a Leaves all submerged and alike, wavy edged 4a with sharp, teeth; stems fattened; achene beak 2-3 mm long; hard over-wintering buds common ......... Potamogeton crispus X 04b Leaves foating and submerged or all underwater, similar or varied, smooth edged; stems round; achene beak ≤1 mm long; over- wintering buds rare ...................05 05a Underwater leaves stalkless, clasping the stem; foating leaves absent ............06 05b Underwater leaves stalked or stalkless, not clasping; foating leaves usually present 5a (sometimes absent) ..................07 6a 06a Stems profusely branched above; leaf blades with a hood-like tip (splitting when pressed), the largest 10-20 cm long with bundles of smaller leaves in their axils; stipules persistent, conspicuous; fowering stalks 10-20(50) cm long; achene 4-8 mm long ............... .............. Potamogeton praelongus 06b Stems with 0-few branches; leaf blades with 6b fat tips (not splitting when pressed), 1.6-13 cm long; stipules disintegrating into fbers; fowering stalks 2-10 cm (rarely longer); achene 3-3.5 mm long .................. ............. Potamogeton richardsonii 07a Floating leaf blades rounded to notched at the base, 27- to 49-veined; stem with conspicuous rusty or black spots; underwater leaf blades irregularly curled along the edges, mostly curved like a crescent, with 19-49 veins ..... ............Potamogeton amplifolius S2 07b Floating leaf blades tapered to a wedge- 7a shaped base, 7- to 21-veined; stems without spots; underwater leaf blades fat-edged, mostly not curved, with 3-15 veins .......08 08a Underwater leaf stalks 2-13 cm long ....... ..............Potamogeton nodosus S1 08b Underwater leaf stalks absent (rarely present, 8a short) ..............................09 09a Leaves reddish-green; foating leaves ±stalkless (often absent); achenes plump, short-stalked, 2.5-3.5 x (1.7)2-2.4 mm, tipped with a curved, 0.5-0.9 mm beak; stipules blunt- tipped; underwater leaf blades 7- to 9-veined ................. Potamogeton alpinus 09b Leaves bright (usually) to dark green; foating 9a 9b leaves usually with stalks ≥2 cm long; achenes slightly fattened, stalkless, 1.9-2.3 x 1.8-2 mm, with an erect, 0.3-0.5 mm beak; stipules sharp-pointed to blunt-tipped; underwater leaf blades 3- to 9-veined ................... ...............Potamogeton gramineus 4 10a Stems conspicuously fattened (nearly as wide as leaves); foating leaves absent; underwater leaves >2 mm wide, with 15-35 veins and many lengthwise fbers .................. 10a ............ Potamogeton zosteriformis 10b Stems round or moderately fattened; foating leaves present or absent; underwater leaves various, with <14 veins and no lengthwise fbers ..............................11 11a Floating leaves present (at least in some plants) .............................12 11b Floating leaves absent from all plants ....13 12a Underwater leaves lax, 1-10 mm wide, with prominent air chambers forming a broad band each side of midvein, 3- to 13- veined; stipules inconspicuous, red-brown, not fbrous; stalks of foating leaves continuous in colour, 2-12.5 cm long, foating leaf blades narrowly oblong- lance-shaped to oval, 2-8 x 0.4-2 cm, tapered 12a; to wedge-shaped base; fower clusters in leaf 14a axils ...Potamogeton epihydrus SU(in part) 12b Underwater leaves rigid, 0.7-2.5 mm wide (resembling thick, bladeless stalks), without prominent air chambers, obscurely 3- to 5- veined; stipules conspicuous, whitish, fbrous; stalks of foating leaves lighter green at the blade, 5.5-29 cm long; foating leaf blades oval to ovate, 3.5-11 x 1.5-6 cm, notched at the base; fower clusters at stem tips.. 12b .................. Potamogeton natans 13a Nodes without paired glands ...........14 13b Nodes (at least some) with paired glands. .15 14a Rhizomes present; stipules red-brown, delicate to fbrous; leaf blades red-brown to light green, 5-22 cm x 1-10 mm, 3- to 13-veined, with a broad band of air chambers on each side of midvein; fower clusters 1.5-5(16) cm long; achenes 2.5-4.5 x 2-3.6 mm, with fat wing-like keel ... Potamogeton epihydrus SU (in part) 14b Rhizomes absent; stipules greenish to brown or rarely white, not fbrous; leaf blades pale- to olive-green (rarely red-tinged), 1.3-8.2 cm x 0.3-2.3 mm, 1- to 3(5)-veined, without air chambers (rarely 1-2 rows each side of midrib); 14b fower clusters 0.3-1.1(3.7) cm long; achenes 1.4-2.3(2.7) x 1.1-2.2 mm, with a wavy wing- like keel ...Potamogeton foliosus (in part) 15a 15a 15a Stipules (→) fbrous, often whitish ........16 15b Stipules (→) not fbrous, green, brown or → → white ..............................17 5 16a Plants freely branched; stems fattened; nodal glands ≤0.7 mm; leaves delicate to rigid, 5- to 7(-9)-veined; fowers at stem tips or in leaf axils; over-wintering buds (→) with leaves in ±4 vertical rows, the outer leaves 2-3 per side, the inner leaves smaller, in a fan-shaped head at 90° to outer leaves . Potamogeton friesii 16b Plants few-branched; stems round to slightly fattened; nodal glands ≤0.3 mm; leaves rigid, 3- to 5(-7)-veined; fowers at stem tips; over- wintering buds with leaves in ±2 vertical rows, fattened, outer and inner leaves in the same plane and of similar size, the outer leaves 3-4 → per side ........ Potamogeton strictifolius 16a 17a Achenes rounded on the lower/outer side .18 17b Achenes keeled or ridged on the lower/outer side ...............................20 16b 18a Achenes 2.5-3.6 mm long, beak 0.8-1 mm; leaves soft and limp, 1-3.5 mm wide, blunt or rounded with a small, abrupt point at the tip, 3-veined (rarely more), with air chambers in 1-3 rows on each side of the midrib; fower clusters in leaf axils. ......Potamogeton obtusifolius (in part) 18b Achenes 1.5-2.2 mm long, beak 0.1-0.6 mm; leaves soft to stiff, 0.2-2.5 mm wide, blunt or gradually tapered to a slender point at the tip, 1- to 3(5)-veined, with air chambers in 0-5 18a; 20b rows each side of the midrib; fower clusters in leaf axils or at stem tips ...............19 19a Mature fruits widest above the middle, with concave sides, usually beaked towards the inner side; fower clusters interrupted, with 1-3 19a slender to cylindrical stalks per plant; leaves with air chambers in 0-2 rows on each side of the midrib; stipules fused ................ ................. Potamogeton pusillus 19b Mature fruits widest at or below middle, sides rounded, beak at the centre; fower clusters continuous, >3 cylindrical stalks per plant; leaves with air chambers in 1-5 rows on each side of the midrib; stipules separate ........ .............. Potamogeton berchtoldii 19b [Potamogeton pusillus ssp. tenuissimus] 20a Achenes 1.4-2.3(2.7) mm, with a conspicuous, wing-like, wavy keel and 0.2-0.6 mm beak; leaves linear, <2.3 mm wide, sharply pointed (rarely bristle-tipped), 1-3(5)-veined; stipules greenish to brown (rarely white); leaf-node glands black to gold, ≈0.5 mm (rarely present); over-wintering buds rare; fower spikes 1.5-7 mm long ...Potamogeton foliosus (in part) 20b Achenes 2.5-3.6 mm, rounded or obscurely 20a keeled, with a 0.8-1 mm beak; leaves soft and limp, linear, (1)2-3.5 mm wide, blunt or with a short, abrupt point, 3-veined (rarely more); stipules white; leaf-node glands yellow- green to gold, 0.2-1 mm; over-wintering buds abundant; fower spikes 8-13 mm long .....
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