European Loyalist and Polynesian Political Dissent in New Caledonia: the Other Challenge to Rpcr Orthodoxy
EUROPEAN LOYALIST AND POLYNESIAN POLITICAL DISSENT IN NEW CALEDONIA: THE OTHER CHALLENGE TO RPCR ORTHODOXY Wayne McCallum University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand Introduction Analysis of New Caledonian politics since the early 1980s has focused mainly on the question of the territory’s possible independence from France. Works such as those written by Helen Fraser, John Connell, and Claude Gabriel and Vincent Kermel have concentrated on the political rise of the territory’s independence movement.1 The local Melanesian (or “Kanak”) independence movement’s demands for greater autonomy and eventual independence were among the major problems that con- fronted President François Mitterrand’s French Socialist government in the mid-1980s. The embodiment of that movement is the FLNKS (Front de Libération Nationale Kanake et Socialiste; Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front). A coalition of parties and activist groups, the FLNKS represents the majority of the Kanaks supporting indepen- dence. Since its establishment in 1984 the FLNKS’s major dilemma in its pursuit of independence has been that, although it represents a majority of the largest ethnic group in New Caledonia, that group itself forms a minority of the territory’s total population: the indigenous Melanesian population formed 44.8% of New Caledonia’s inhabitants in April 1989 (see Table 1). The FLNKS thus holds the support of a minority of the New Caledonian electorate: in the provincial elections of June 1989 it Pacific Studies, Vol. 15, No. 3--September 1992 25 26 Pacific Studies, Vol. 15, No. 3--September 1992 TABLE 1. New Caledonia’s Population by Ethnic Group, 1989 Number % of Population Total 164,173 100 Melanesians 73,598 44.8 Europeans 55,085 33.6 Wallisians 14,186 8.6 Indonesians 5,191 3.2 Tahitians 4,750 2.9 Vietnamese 2,461 1.5 Ni-Vanuatu 1,683 1.0 Other Asians 642 0.4 Others 6,577 4.0 Source: Institut Territorial de la Statistique et des Études Économiques, Nouméa, 1989.
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