DOCSLIB.ORG

Υπογένος Piperites (Fr.) Kauffman 3.1.1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Υπογένος Piperites (Fr.) Kauffman 3.1.1 ΓΕΩΠΟΝΙΚΟ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΓΕΩΠΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΒΙΟΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΓΕΝΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΚΗΣ ΜΙΚΡΟΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΕΚΤΟΜΥΚΟΡΡΙΖΙΚΟΙ ΜΥΚΗΤΕΣ ΤΟΥ ΓΕΝΟΥΣ LACTARIUS PERS. ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΜΑΡΙΝΑ Γ. ΤΡΙΑΝΤΑΦΥΛΛΟΥ ΕΡΕΥΝΗΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΣΤΑ ΠΛΑΙΣΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΟΣ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ «ΒΙΟΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΕΣ ΣΤΗ ΓΕΩΠΟΝΙΑ», ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ «ΜΟΡΙΑΚΗ ΟΙΚΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΙΧΝΕΥΣΗ ΓΕΝΕΤΙΚΑ ΤΡΟΠΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΩΝ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΩΝ» ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩΝ: ΖΕΡΒΑΚΗΣ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΟΣ ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ ΓΠΑ ΑΘΗΝΑ 2012 1 2 ΓΕΩΠΟΝΙΚΟ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΓΕΩΠΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΒΙΟΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΓΕΝΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΚΗΣ ΜΙΚΡΟΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΕΚΤΟΜΥΚΟΡΡΙΖΙΚΟΙ ΜΥΚΗΤΕΣ ΤΟΥ ΓΕΝΟΥΣ LACTARIUS PERS. ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΜΑΡΙΝΑ Γ. ΤΡΙΑΝΤΑΦΥΛΛΟΥ ΕΡΕΥΝΗΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΣΤΑ ΠΛΑΙΣΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΟΣ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ «ΒΙΟΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΕΣ ΣΤΗ ΓΕΩΠΟΝΙΑ», ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ «ΜΟΡΙΑΚΗ ΟΙΚΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΙΧΝΕΥΣΗ ΓΕΝΕΤΙΚΑ ΤΡΟΠΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΩΝ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΩΝ» ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩΝ: ΖΕΡΒΑΚΗΣ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΟΣ ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ ΓΠΑ ΑΘΗΝΑ 2012 3 4 ΕΚΤΟΜΥΚΟΡΡΙΖΙΚΟΙ ΜΥΚΗΤΕΣ ΤΟΥ ΓΕΝΟΥΣ LACTARIUS PERS. ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΤΡΙΑΝΤΑΦΥΛΛΟΥ ΜΑΡΙΝΑ ΕΡΕΥΝΗΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΣΤΑ ΠΛΑΙΣΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΟΣ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ «ΒΙΟΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΕΣ ΣΤΗ ΓΕΩΠΟΝΙΑ», ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ «ΜΟΡΙΑΚΗ ΟΙΚΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΙΧΝΕΥΣΗ ΓΕΝΕΤΙΚΑ ΤΡΟΠΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΩΝ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΩΝ» ΑΘΗΝΑ 2012 ΤΡΙΜΕΛΗΣ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ: Ζερβάκης Γιώργος (επιβλέπων) Ταμπακάκη Αναστασία (μέλος) Γεωργακόπουλος Δημήτρης (μέλος) 5 6 ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ Με την ολοκλήρωση της μεταπτυχιακής ερευνητικής μου εργασίας, νιώθω την ανάγκη να ευχαριστήσω κάποιους ανθρώπους που συνέβαλαν, ο καθένας με τον τρόπο του, στην πραγματοποίηση της. Θα ήθελα αρχικά να ευχαριστήσω ιδιαίτερα τον Επίκουρο καθηγητή κ. Γιώργο Ζερβάκη που με επέλεξε για την εκπόνηση της μεταπτυχιακής μου εργασίας και που μου έδωσε τη δυνατότητα να ασχοληθώ και σε μεταπτυχιακό επίπεδο με το ερευνητικό αντικείμενο που ιδιαίτερα αγαπώ, αυτό της συστηματικής των μακρομυκήτων. Τον ευχαριστώ για την επίβλεψη και καθοδήγηση του σε όλα τα στάδια αυτής της μελέτης καθώς και για τις πολύτιμες παρατηρήσεις και διορθώσεις του κατά τη συγγραφή του κειμένου. Ιδιαίτερα τον ευχαριστώ για την καθοδήγηση του στο κομμάτι της μοριακής ανάλυσης, που αποτελούσε σε πρακτικό επίπεδο, ένα πεδίο νέο για μένα. Ένα μεγάλο ευχαριστώ στη Λέκτορα κ. Ζαχαρούλα Γκόνου- Ζάγκου, η οποία ως η πρώτη μου δασκάλα στο αντικείμενο της συστηματικής των μακρομυκήτων, μου μετέδωσε τον ενθουσιασμό της και έχει θέσει τις βάσεις για την μετέπειτα πορεία μου. Ιδιαίτερα θα ήθελα να την ευχαριστήσω για την ουσιαστική συμβολή της στην παρούσα μελέτη, αφού ένα κομμάτι της πραγματοποιήθηκε στο εργαστήριο Μυκητολογίας του Τμήματος Βιολογίας του ΕΚΠΑ, οπότε και είχα την ευκαιρία να τη συμβουλεύομαι συχνά σε ζητήματα ταξινομικής φύσης. Θα ήθελα επίσης να ευχαριστήσω θερμά τον υποψήφιο διδάκτορα Παναγιώτη Δεληβοριά. Η πολύπλευρη βοήθεια του είναι πολύτιμη και οι παρατηρήσεις του πάνω σε ταξινομικά ζητήματα έχουν πάντοτε για μένα ιδιαίτερη βαρύτητα. Σημαντική είναι επίσης η συνεισφορά του στην παρούσα μελέτη, με πολυάριθμες φωτογραφίες ειδών του γένους Lactarius στο πεδίο, με την μετάδοση της εμπειρίας του πάνω στην κατασκευή των plates που βρίσκονται στην εργασία, καθώς και με τις συζητήσεις που είχαμε πάνω σε επιμέρους ταξινομικούς προβληματισμούς που προέκυπταν. Ιδιαίτερα χαίρομαι για την ευχάριστη και εποικοδομητική συνεργασία που είχα με τον διδάκτορα Ηλία Πολέμη, τον οποίο και ευχαριστώ για τις συζητήσεις που είχαμε πάνω σε ταξινομικά θέματα, καθώς και για τις όμορφες φωτογραφίες πεδίου που μου επέτρεψε να συμπεριλάβω στη παρούσα μελέτη. Ένα ευχαριστώ οφείλω επίσης στον κ. Δημήτρη Δήμου για τις φωτογραφίες πεδίου ειδών του γένους Lactarius, και την άμεση ανταπόκριση του, όποτε χρειάστηκα στοιχεία για δείγματα που ο ίδιος είχε συλλέξει και ταυτοποιήσει. 7 Μέσα από την ερευνητική πορεία των παραπάνω ανθρώπων προέκυψε το μεγαλύτερο μέρος του υλικού που μελέτησα και για αυτό η συμβολή τους στην παρούσα μελέτη είναι κάτι παραπάνω από σημαντική. Μέρος, επίσης, του ελληνικού υλικού που εξετάσθηκε έχει συλλεχθεί και μελετηθεί από τον κ. Στέφανο Διαμαντή και τον κ. Ζαχαρία Αθανασίου, τους οποίους και ευχαριστώ θερμά για την παραχώρηση των αντίστοιχων δειγμάτων. Θερμά ευχαριστώ επίσης τους ερευνητές των μυκητολογικών ερμπαρίων του εξωτερικού Annemieke Verbeken (GENT), Georgio Lalli (AQUI) και Giuseppe Venturella (PAL), για την παραχώρηση για τις ανάγκες της παρούσας μελέτης αποξηραμένων δειγμάτων που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ως υλικό αναφοράς. Σε αυτό το σημείο νιώθω επίσης την ανάγκη να εκφράσω ένα θερμό ευχαριστώ στον υποψήφιο διδάκτορα Χρήστο Φωτιάδη, με την πολύτιμη βοήθεια του οποίου το κομμάτι της μοριακής ανάλυσης των δειγμάτων, που ήταν ένα πεδίο νέο για μένα, ολοκληρώθηκε με επιτυχία. Θα ήθελα να ευχαριστήσω επίσης την Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια κ. Ευαγγελία Καψανάκη-Γκότση, για την υποστήριξή της και για τη δυνατότητα που μου παρείχε για την επιπρόσθετη μελέτη των δειγμάτων με το μικροσκόπιο τύπου Nomarski, του εργαστηρίου Μυκητολογίας του Τμήματος Βιολογίας του ΕΚΠΑ, καθώς και την διδάκτορα Πυρρή Ιωάννα και την υποψήφια διδάκτορα Σεργεντάνη Αθανασία για την ευχάριστη συνεργασία τους και για την τροποποίηση που έκαναν κάποιες φορές στο πρόγραμμα τους ώστε να διευκολυνθεί η μελέτη μου. Η παρατήρηση επιλεγμένων δειγμάτων σε ηλεκτρονικό μικροσκόπιο σάρωσης δεν θα ήταν εφικτή χωρίς την συνεργασία με τον Καθηγητή κ. Φασσέα, και τη βοήθεια του συνεργάτη του κ. Ψαροκωστόπουλου, τους οποίους και ευχαριστώ. Ευχαριστώ επίσης την Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια κ. Ταμπακάκη Αναστασία και τον Επίκουρο Καθηγητή Γεωργακόπουλο Δημήτρη για τη συμμετοχή τους στην τριμελή εξεταστική επιτροπή. Θερμά επίσης ευχαριστώ όλους τους συνεργάτες του εργαστηρίου, και ιδιαίτερα τον Γιώργο Κουτρώτσιο για το φιλικό και ευχάριστο κλίμα που πάντοτε δημιουργούσε, κάτι ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό σε έναν χώρο έρευνας και εργασίας. Τέλος, ένα μεγάλο ευχαριστώ θα ήθελα να εκφράσω στους κοντινούς μου ανθρώπους για την στήριξη και αγάπη τους. Ιδιαίτερα ευχαριστώ τον Γιώργο Φουντουλάκη για την υποστήριξη του όλα αυτά τα χρόνια, για τη συντροφιά του και την πολύτιμη βοήθεια του σε όλες τις… μανιταροεξορμήσεις! 8 ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ................................................................................................................. 11 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. 13 Ι. ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ ............................................................................................................... 15 1. Το βασίλειο των Μυκήτων (kingdom Fungi) ...................................................... 15 2. Το φύλο των Βασιδιομυκήτων ............................................................................. 17 2.1. Γενικά - Βιολογικός κύκλος και βασικά χαρακτηριστικά ............................. 17 2.2. Οικολογία ...................................................................................................... 21 2.2.1. Μυκόρριζες ................................................................................................. 21 2.2.2. Εκτομυκόρριζες (Ectomycorrhizal Mycorrhizae - EcM) ........................... 23 2.3. Φυλογενετικές σχέσεις και ταξινομική κατάταξη ......................................... 27 3. Το γένος Lactarius Persoon ................................................................................. 29 3.1. Φυλογενετική θέση του γένους ..................................................................... 29 3.2. Η τάξη Russulales .......................................................................................... 29 3.3. Η Οικογένεια Russulaceae ............................................................................ 32 3.4. Σύστημα ταξινόμησης εντός του γένους Lactarius Pers. .............................. 34 3.5. Εξελικτικές σχέσεις μεταξύ των γενών Russula και Lactarius ..................... 36 3.6. Ποικιλότητα- εξάπλωση του γένους Lactarius ............................................. 38 3.7. Η ποικιλότητα του γένους Lactarius στην Ελλάδα ....................................... 40 4. Οικονομική σημασία - Χρήσεις και εφαρμογές ειδών του γένους Lactarius ...... 41 4.1. Εδώδιμα είδη ................................................................................................. 41 4.2. Τεχνητή μυκόρριζα ........................................................................................ 42 5. Συστηματική Μυκήτων - Βασιδιομυκήτων ......................................................... 42 5.1. Ο κλάδος της Συστηματικής .......................................................................... 42 5.2. Κριτήρια-θεωρήσεις για το είδος στους Μύκητες ......................................... 43 5.3. Συστηματική Βασιδιομυκήτων ...................................................................... 44 9 5.4. Μέθοδοι κλασσικής ταξινόμησης Βασιδιομυκήτων ..................................... 45 5.5. Μοριακή συστηματική Βασιδιομυκήτων ...................................................... 48 6. Σκοπός της μελέτης .............................................................................................. 55 ΙΙ. ΥΛΙΚΑ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΘΟΔΟΙ ........................................................................................ 57 1. Βιολογικό υλικό ................................................................................................... 57 1.1. Αποξηραμένα δείγματα βασιδιοκαρπίων Lactarius ...................................... 57 1.2. Συλλογή νέων νωπών δειγμάτων Lactarius .................................................. 57 2. Καταγραφή μακροσκοπικών χαρακτηριστικών ................................................... 65 3. Μικροσκοπικές παρατηρήσεις ............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Mushrooms Russia and History
    MUSHROOMS RUSSIA AND HISTORY BY VALENTINA PAVLOVNA WASSON AND R.GORDON WASSON VOLUME I PANTHEON BOOKS • NEW YORK COPYRIGHT © 1957 BY R. GORDON WASSON MANUFACTURED IN ITALY FOR THE AUTHORS AND PANTHEON BOOKS INC. 333, SIXTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 14, N. Y. www.NewAlexandria.org/ archive CONTENTS LIST OF PLATES VII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT XIII PREFACE XVII VOLUME I I. MUSHROOMS AND THE RUSSIANS 3 II. MUSHROOMS AND THE ENGLISH 19 III. MUSHROOMS AND HISTORY 37 IV. MUSHROOMS FOR MURDERERS 47 V. THE RIDDLE OF THE TOAD AND OTHER SECRETS MUSHROOMIC 65 1. The Venomous Toad 66 2. Basques and Slovaks 77 3. The Cripple, the Toad, and the Devil's Bread 80 4. The 'Pogge Cluster 92 5. Puff balls, Filth, and Vermin 97 6. The Sponge Cluster 105 7. Punk, Fire, and Love 112 8. The Gourd Cluster 127 9. From 'Panggo' to 'Pupik' 138 10. Mucus, Mushrooms, and Love 145 11. The Secrets of the Truffle 166 12. 'Gripau' and 'Crib' 185 13. The Flies in the Amanita 190 v CONTENTS VOLUME II V. THE RIDDLE OF THE TOAD AND OTHER SECRETS MUSHROOMIC (CONTINUED) 14. Teo-Nandcatl: the Sacred Mushrooms of the Nahua 215 15. Teo-Nandcatl: the Mushroom Agape 287 16. The Divine Mushroom: Archeological Clues in the Valley of Mexico 322 17. 'Gama no Koshikake and 'Hegba Mboddo' 330 18. The Anatomy of Mycophobia 335 19. Mushrooms in Art 351 20. Unscientific Nomenclature 364 Vale 374 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 381 APPENDIX I: Mushrooms in Tolstoy's 'Anna Karenina 391 APPENDIX II: Aksakov's 'Remarks and Observations of a Mushroom Hunter' 394 APPENDIX III: Leuba's 'Hymn to the Morel' 400 APPENDIX IV: Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: Early Mexican Sources 404 INDEX OF FUNGAL METAPHORS AND SEMANTIC ASSOCIATIONS 411 INDEX OF MUSHROOM NAMES 414 INDEX OF PERSONS AND PLACES 421 VI LIST OF PLATES VOLUME I JEAN-HENRI FABRE.
    [Show full text]
  • Ectomycorrhizal Synthesis of Lactarius Sanguifluus (Paulet) Fr
    European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience ISSN: 2321-9122; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.44 Received: 13-09-2019; Accepted: 14-10-2019 www.biosciencejournals.com Volume 7; Issue 6; November 2019; Page No. 89-92 Ectomycorrhizal synthesis of Lactarius sanguifluus (Paulet) Fr. with Abies pindrow Royle Ex D. Don Shiv Kumar1, Anand Sagar2, Amit Kumar Sehgal3* 1 Additional Superintendent of Police, District Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India 2 Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University Summer Hill Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India 3 Department of Botany, Govt. College Dhaliara District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India Abstract This study was aimed to perform in vitro mycorrhizal synthesis between Abies pindrow and Lactarius sanguifluus was achieved. A. pindrow seedlings inoculated with mycelial culture of L. sanguifluus resulted in the formation of short, branched lateral roots which ultimately form ectotrophic mycorrhizae. Synthesized mycorrhizae were light brown to pale yellow in colour. The transverse sections of the synthesized roots showed a typical ectomycorrhizal anatomy. The anatomical structure of mycorrhiza revealed the presence of thick fungal mantle and well developed “Hartig net”. Pure culture of L. sanguifluus was reisolated from both vermiculite peat moss mixture and synthesized ectomycorrhizae. These were compared with the original culture isolated from the fruiting bodies of L. sanguifluus and were found to have same cultural characteristics, thus confirming the symbiotic association. Keywords: Lactarius sanguifluus, ectomycorrhiza, in vitro Introduction systems of mycorrhizal synthesis have been developed and Lactarius sanguifluus is an ectomycorrhizal mushroom examined the ability of fungi to form ectomycorrhizae belonging in the family russulaceae grow scattered or in (Chilvers et al., 1986; Kottke et al., 1987; Kasuya et al., groups on the ground under conifers forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycodiversity Studies in Selected Ecosystems of Greece: 5
    Uploaded — May 2011 [Link page — MYCOTAXON 115: 535] Expert reviewers: Giuseppe Venturella, Solomon P. Wasser Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5. Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., central Greece) ELIAS POLEMIS1, DIMITRIS M. DIMOU1,3, LEONIDAS POUNTZAS4, DIMITRIS TZANOUDAKIS2 & GEORGIOS I. ZERVAKIS1* 1 [email protected], [email protected] Agricultural University of Athens, Lab. of General & Agricultural Microbiology Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece 2 University of Patras, Dept. of Biology, Panepistimioupoli, 26500 Rion, Greece 3 Koritsas 10, 15343 Agia Paraskevi, Greece 4 Technological Educational Institute of Mesologgi, 30200 Mesologgi, Greece Abstract — Very scarce literature data are available on the macrofungi associated with sweet chestnut trees (Castanea sativa, Fagaceae). We report here the results of an inventory of basidiomycetes, which was undertaken in the region of Nafpactia Mts., central Greece. The investigated area, with woods dominated by C. sativa, was examined for the first time in respect to its mycodiversity. One hundred and four species belonging in 54 genera were recorded. Fifteen species (Conocybe pseudocrispa, Entoloma nitens, Lactarius glaucescens, Lichenomphalia velutina, Parasola schroeteri, Pholiotina coprophila, Russula alutacea, R. azurea, R. pseudoaeruginea, R. pungens, R. vitellina, Sarcodon glaucopus, Tomentella badia, T. fibrosa and Tubulicrinis sororius) are reported for the first time from Greece. In addition, 33 species constitute new habitats/hosts/substrates records. Key words — biodiversity, macromycete, Mediterranean, mushroom Introduction Castanea sativa Mill., Fagaceae (sweet chestnut) generally prefers north- facing slopes where the rainfall is greater than 600 mm, on moderately acid soils (pH 4.5–6.5) with a light texture. It covers ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Lactarius Deliciosus
    © Saffron milk cap (Lactarius deliciosus) The saffron milk cap mushroom (Lactarius deliciosus) has been eaten in Europe since Roman times and is still greatly appreciated around the Meditteranean, particularly Spain, Portugal, Germany and elsewhere, for its fruity aroma and a “crisp flesh with nutty, earthy, and woodsy flavours”. It made the accidental journey to Australia probably on the roots of imported trees by early European settlers and is found in pine forests throughout the southeastern part of the country where it is collected for the restaurant and gourmet trade. It is easily recognised by the saffron-coloured sap it bleeds when damaged, the concentric rings of salmon-coloured blotches on the surface of the cap, and its tendency to turn green with age or after being handled. Grade 1 saffron milk cap typically wholesales for NZ$30 and A$40/kg whereas in exclusive shops in Europe prices can be higher. dry summers and removing low branches. The profitability of the plantation can be further boosted if the mushrooms are harvested and transported to the market corectly. Woven baskets with the mushrooms upside down (left) are used by a wild mushroom collectors near Melbourne. The first New Zealand saffron milk cap mycorrhized trees were planted in August 2000 and mushrooms were produced in coastal North Otago after only 18 months. The first commercial crop was sold in 2003 by Hannes and Theres Krummenacher near Nelson (Neudorf Mushrooms). In 2009 this plantation averaged 6 kg per tree and the total mushrooms produced per tree since planting far exceeds the value of the timber produced by a 30 year old well pruned radiata pine.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Characterization and Biological Activity of Lactarius Scrobiculatus
    Structural characterization and biological activity of Lactarius scrobiculatus Ivana Tomic Thesis for the Master´ degree in Pharmacy 45 study points Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmacy Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences UNIVERSITY OF OSLO November/2018 II Structural characterization and biological activity of Lactarius scrobiculatus Thesis for Master´ degree in Pharmacy Department for Pharmaceutical chemistry School of Pharmacy Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University in Oslo Ivana Tomic November 2018 Supervisor: Anne Berit Samuelsen III © Author 2018 Structural characterization and biological activity of Lactarius scrobiculatus Ivana Tomic http://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo IV Acknowledgments The present thesis was carried out at the Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo (UiO), for the Master´s degree in Pharmacy at the University of Oslo. The other institute include Norwegian Centre of Molecular Medicine, where I have performed activity assay. First and foremost, I would like to thank to my supervisor Anne Berit Samuelsen for hers support and guidance throughout my work and useful comments during the writing. Further, I also want to thank Hoai Thi Nguyen and Cristian Winther Wold for help with carrying out GC and GC-MS analysis. Also, I am very thankful to Karl Malterud for help with NMR analysis. Special thanks to Suthajini Yogarajah for her patience and lab support. I would also like to thank to Kari Inngjerdingen for good and helpful Forskningforberedende kurs. My gratitude goes also to Prebens Morth group at NMCC, special to Julia Weikum and Bojana Sredic, who were always kind and helpful. Finally, I would like to express my fabulous thanks to my wonderful parents, my husband and my four sons for their great patience, sacrifice, moral support and encouragement during my master thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Coprinus and Allies
    BRITISH MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY FUNGAL EDUCATION & OUTREACH— [email protected] The genus Coprinus and allies Most of the species previously in the genus Coprinus and commonly known as Inkcaps were transferred into three new genera in 2001 on the basis of their DNA: Coprinopsis, Coprinellus and Parasola, leaving just three British species in Coprinus in the strict sense. The name Inkcap comes from the characteristic habit of most of these species of dissolving into a puddle of black liquid when mature - or ‘deliquescing’. In the past this liquid was indeed used for ink. Many Coprinus comatus species are very short-lived – some fruit bodies survive less than a day – Photo credit: Nick White and they occur in moist conditions throughout the year in a range of different habitats according to species including soil, wood, vegetation, roots and dung. Caps are thin-fleshed, usually white when young and often appear coated in fine white powder or fibrils called ‘veil’; they range in size from minute (less than 0.5cm) to more than 5cm across. Gills start out pale but soon turn black with the deliquescing spores. Stems are white and in some species very tall in relation to cap size. One species, Coprinopsis atramentaria, has a seriously unpleasant effect if eaten a few hours either side of consuming alcohol, acting like the drug ‘Antabuse’ used to treat alcoholics. Coprinopsis lagopus Photo credit: Penny Cullington Unless otherwise stated, text kindly provided by Penny Cullington and members of the BMS Fungus recording groups BRITISH MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY FUNGAL EDUCATION & OUTREACH— [email protected] The genus Agaricus This genus contains not only our commercially grown shop mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) but also about 40 other species in the UK including the very tasty Agaricus campestris (Field Mushroom) and several others renowned for their excellent flavour.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruiting Body Form, Not Nutritional Mode, Is the Major Driver of Diversification in Mushroom-Forming Fungi
    Fruiting body form, not nutritional mode, is the major driver of diversification in mushroom-forming fungi Marisol Sánchez-Garcíaa,b, Martin Rybergc, Faheema Kalsoom Khanc, Torda Vargad, László G. Nagyd, and David S. Hibbetta,1 aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610; bUppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75005 Uppsala, Sweden; cDepartment of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and dSynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary Edited by David M. Hillis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and approved October 16, 2020 (received for review December 22, 2019) With ∼36,000 described species, Agaricomycetes are among the and the evolution of enclosed spore-bearing structures. It has most successful groups of Fungi. Agaricomycetes display great di- been hypothesized that the loss of ballistospory is irreversible versity in fruiting body forms and nutritional modes. Most have because it involves a complex suite of anatomical features gen- pileate-stipitate fruiting bodies (with a cap and stalk), but the erating a “surface tension catapult” (8, 11). The effect of gas- group also contains crust-like resupinate fungi, polypores, coral teroid fruiting body forms on diversification rates has been fungi, and gasteroid forms (e.g., puffballs and stinkhorns). Some assessed in Sclerodermatineae, Boletales, Phallomycetidae, and Agaricomycetes enter into ectomycorrhizal symbioses with plants, Lycoperdaceae, where it was found that lineages with this type of while others are decayers (saprotrophs) or pathogens. We constructed morphology have diversified at higher rates than nongasteroid a megaphylogeny of 8,400 species and used it to test the following lineages (12).
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal Changes in the Ectomycorrhizal Community in Two Soil Horizons of a Temperate Oak Forest Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Alain Franc, J-Claude Pierrat, Jean Garbaye
    Temporal changes in the ectomycorrhizal community in two soil horizons of a temperate oak forest Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Alain Franc, J-Claude Pierrat, Jean Garbaye To cite this version: Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Alain Franc, J-Claude Pierrat, Jean Garbaye. Temporal changes in the ectomycorrhizal community in two soil horizons of a temperate oak forest. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, 2008, 74 (18), pp.5792-5801. 10.1128/AEM.01592- 08. hal-01195010 HAL Id: hal-01195010 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195010 Submitted on 31 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 2008, p. 5792–5801 Vol. 74, No. 18 0099-2240/08/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/AEM.01592-08 Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Temporal Changes in the Ectomycorrhizal Community in Two Soil Horizons of a Temperate Oak Forestᰔ† Pierre-Emmanuel Courty,1* Alain Franc,2 Jean-Claude Pierrat,3 and Jean Garbaye1 UMR 1136 INRA-Nancy Universite´, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organisms, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France1; INRA Pierroton, UMR Biodiversite´, Ge`nes et Communaute´s, 33612 Cestas, France2; and UMR 1092 INRA-ENGREF Etudes des Ressources Foreˆt/Bois, ENGREF Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France3 Received 11 July 2008/Accepted 11 July 2008 The species structure of an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community was assessed monthly for 15 months in the two horizons (A1 and A2) of an oak temperate forest in northeastern France.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reference Genome of the European Beech (Fagus Sylvatica L.)
    A reference genome of the European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Bagdevi Mishra1,2, Deepak K. Gupta1,2, Markus Pfenninger1,3, Thomas Hickler1,4, Ewald Langer4, Bora Nam1,2, Juraj Paule6, Rahul Sharma1, Bartosz Ulaszewski7, Joanna Warmbier7, Jaroslaw Burczyk7, Marco Thines1,2 1 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2 Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 3 Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Fachbereich Biologie, Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie (iOME), , Gresemundweg 2, 55128 Mainz 4 Goethe University, Department for Geology, Institute of Geography, Max-von-Laue-Str. 23, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 5 University of Kassel, FB 10, Department of Ecology, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany 6 Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 7 Kazimierz Wielki University, Department of Genetics, ul. Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland Author for correspondence – Marco Thines ([email protected]). ORCID: 0000-0001-7740-6875 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/gigascience/giy063/5017772 by guest on 11 June 2018 Abstract Background: The European Beech is arguably the most important climax broad-leaved tree species in Central Europe, widely planted for its valuable wood. Here we report the 542 Mb draft genome sequence of an up to 300-year-old individual (Bhaga) from an undisturbed stand in the Kellerwald- Edersee National Park in central Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Description and Identification of Ostryopsis Davidiana Ectomycorrhizae in Inner Mongolia Mountain Forest of China
    Österr. Z. Pilzk. 26 (2017) – Austrian J. Mycol. 26 (2017) 17 Description and identification of Ostryopsis davidiana ectomycorrhizae in Inner Mongolia mountain forest of China QING-ZHI YAO1 WEI YAN2 HUI-YING ZHAO1 JIE WEI2 1 Life Science College 2 Forestry College Inner Mongolia Agriculture University Huhhot, 010018, P. R. China Email: [email protected] Accepted 27. March 2017. © Austrian Mycological Society, published online 23. August 2017 YAO, Q.-Z., YAN, W., ZHAO, H.-Y., WEI, J., 2017: Description and identification of Ostryopsis davidi- ana ectomycorrhizae in Inner Mongolia mountain forest of China. – Austrian J. Mycol. 26: 17–25. Key words: ECM, Mountain forest, Ostryopsis davidiana, morpho-anatomical features. Abstract: The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal composition and anatomical structures of root samples of the shrub Ostryopsis davidiana were examined. The root samples were collected from two plots in the Daqing Mountain and Han Mountain around Hohhot, Inner Mongolia of China. Basing on mor- pho-anatomical features of the samples, we have got totally 12 ECM morphotypes. Twelve fungal taxa were identified via sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of their nuclear rDNA. Nine species are Basidiomycotina, incl. Thelephoraceae (Tomentella), Cortinariaceae (Inocybe and Cortinarius), Tremellaceae (Sebacina), Russulaceae (Lactarius), and Tricholomataceae (Tricholoma), three Ascomycotina, incl. Elaphomycetaceae (Cenococcum), Tuberaceae (Tuber), and Pyronema- taceae (Wilcoxina). Cenococcum geophilum was the dominant species in O. davidiana. The three To- mentella and the two Inocybe ECMF of O. davidiana are very common in Inner Mongolia. Zusammenfassung: Die Pilzdiversität der Ektomykorrhiza (ECM) und deren anatomische Strukturen von Wurzelproben des Strauches Ostryopsis davidiana wurden untersucht. Die Wurzelproben wurden aus zwei Untersuchungsflächen im Daqing Berg und Han Berg nahe Hohhot, Innere Mongolei, China, gesammelt.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Checklist of Arizona Macrofungi
    A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF ARIZONA MACROFUNGI Scott T. Bates School of Life Sciences Arizona State University PO Box 874601 Tempe, AZ 85287-4601 ABSTRACT A checklist of 1290 species of nonlichenized ascomycetaceous, basidiomycetaceous, and zygomycetaceous macrofungi is presented for the state of Arizona. The checklist was compiled from records of Arizona fungi in scientific publications or herbarium databases. Additional records were obtained from a physical search of herbarium specimens in the University of Arizona’s Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium and of the author’s personal herbarium. This publication represents the first comprehensive checklist of macrofungi for Arizona. In all probability, the checklist is far from complete as new species await discovery and some of the species listed are in need of taxonomic revision. The data presented here serve as a baseline for future studies related to fungal biodiversity in Arizona and can contribute to state or national inventories of biota. INTRODUCTION Arizona is a state noted for the diversity of its biotic communities (Brown 1994). Boreal forests found at high altitudes, the ‘Sky Islands’ prevalent in the southern parts of the state, and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson) forests that are widespread in Arizona, all provide rich habitats that sustain numerous species of macrofungi. Even xeric biomes, such as desertscrub and semidesert- grasslands, support a unique mycota, which include rare species such as Itajahya galericulata A. Møller (Long & Stouffer 1943b, Fig. 2c). Although checklists for some groups of fungi present in the state have been published previously (e.g., Gilbertson & Budington 1970, Gilbertson et al. 1974, Gilbertson & Bigelow 1998, Fogel & States 2002), this checklist represents the first comprehensive listing of all macrofungi in the kingdom Eumycota (Fungi) that are known from Arizona.
    [Show full text]