Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
Open Source Content Management Systems – The Case
Darius Zumstein Information Systems Research Group Department of Informatics University of Fribourg (Switzerland)
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Motivation Definitions (Content, ECM, CMS) Content Management & Life Cycle Open Source & CMS Comparison of different OS CMS Drupal - Naming, History, Requirements & Project Status - Modules - Pros & Cons - LiCLearning Curve - Reference & Examples Literature & Links Discussion & Outlook 2
1 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
The Internet has become omnipresent and indispensable – particulary for YOU! The net revolutionised the media scene In future, it will be even more important Everyone of you WILL work with a Content Management System (CMS) and/or Information Systems (IS) So YOU are in the right course
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2 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
ECM: technologies used to capture, manage, store, preserve, retrieve and deliver digital content and documents related to organizational processes.
Source: partly adopted from www.aiim.org, and Schönefeld (2005) in Bruns and Meyer-Wegener (2005) 5
Structured data Semi-structured Unstructured Meta data Databases XML-documents Web content/text Author, publisher Sales numbers RSS-feeds Documents Creation/publ. date Book values Schedules E-Mails Keywords Perform. indicators Handbooks Blog, chat, … Tags, tagging Source: adapted from www.infoweek.ch
Departm. Content type Formats Distrib. channel Production Documents, graphs, pictures, .doc, .pdf, … Email, web, handbook, product description print, CD, DVD Sales Presentations, auctions, .ppt, .doc, .xl, Email, web, PC ten der s, catal ogues, … XPress, InD esi gn… Marketing Internet presence, exhibitions, .html/.php, audio/ Print, web, tv, advertising, campaigns, films video, Illustrator… radio, mobile Finance Balance sheets, accounting, .edi, .xl, .doc, .pdf, Print, web, ordering, contracting, billing,… ERP data archive Traning eLearning, handbooks, Audios/podcasts, CD, DVD, web 6 presentations videos, .ppt, .pdf streaming, print Source: adapted from Schönefeld (2005) in Bruns and Meyer-Wegener (2005)
3 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
Content means prepared digital information (text, graphics , images , audio , video , etc .) which is offered in the Internet as well as in the Intranet in different forms of displays [Meier & Stormer, p. 86]
All kind of content in digital form [Nix et al. 2005]
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Content management as a process of - creating/editing - structering - administrating - recording - providing - using and - archiving content …to support organizational and business processes of a company or of an institution
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4 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
Corrections Retrievel Revisions Recovery
Creation Control Release Publication Archiving
Texts Corrections Intranet Pictures Revisions Extranet Videos Updates Internet Audio, etc. Versioning
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The field of management responsible for the efficient and systematic control of the creation, receipt, maintenance, use and disposition of records, incl. the processes for capturing and maintaining evidence of information about business activities & transactions in the form of records. (ISO 15489: 2001)
… is the electronic execution of business processes or the support of business process management by IT and IS.
A Document Managemement System (DMS) is used to track, store, and archive electronic/digital documents and/or images.
ICT that supports the work of groups, organizations communities and societies, e.g. email, voice mail, VoIP, video conference, chat, blogs, wikis.
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5 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
Web: publication with web technologies (HTTP, HTML) Content: digital available textual, visual or aural content (e.g. text, images, sounds, videos, animations) Management: administration of content and the process of content creation, editing, control, publication, archiving System: (set of interacting/interdependent entities) admin. of content is a subject to an organising principle Characteristics and Features of CMS - Separation of Content (XHTML) and Layout/Design (CSS) - Definition of different roles, access rights & responsibilities of users - Frontend (what visitors/users see) and Backend (for administrator) - Workflow & document management; different modules & plug-ins - Content syndication: content import/export by RSS/Atom (XML)
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Architecture of a Content Management System
Data Prepared Content Communi- Business cation Processes Channels
WWW Documents
Mobile
etc. External Content Content Content Editing Structuring Use
Data Documents Source: [Meier & Stormer 2008, p. 86] Internal Content 12 Editing
6 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
OSS = freely availlable Software (for example Linux, Firefox, Drupal, OpenOffice, MySQL) under the licence of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) Criteria (10 Open Source Commandments): 1. Free redistribution of the software 2. Free source code must be included 3. Derived works under the same terms as original software 4. Integretity of the author‘s source code 5. No discrimination against persons or groups 6. No discrimination against fields and endeavor 7Ditibti7. Distribution o f license 8. Licence must not be specific to a product 9. Licence must not restrict other software 10.Licence must be technology-neutral
Source: www.opensource.org/docs/osd 13
Apache (software) license (www.apache.org) The GNU (GNU is Not Unix), and the General Public License (GPL) (www.gnu.org) Mozilla Public License (MPL) (www.mozilla.org) The PHP license (www.php.net/licence) The Python license (www.python.org) Sun Public License (SPL) (www.sun.com) The W3C license (www.w3c.org)
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7 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
Online magazines
Bricolage apache lenya
Typo3 eZ publish Magnolia Alfresco WCM OpenCMS Jahia Joomla! Plone Mambo Drupal MediaWiki Wordpress Legend: Java Communities/collaboration PHP other Source: adapted from www.optaros.com Netzwoche 2007) 15
Server n Client o Web server Request for Browser loads . php-file .php-file from server disk Return of the s Response of the r generated code generated code (HTML, CSS, PDF,…) q PHP Interpreter p .php-file and format Internet depending on script HTML CSS (raw data) (layout)
DB
Source: partly adapted from http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP 16
8 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
Drupal Joomla!
Plone WordPress net Source: www.ohloh.
Legend: PHP Python JavaScript CSS HTML Other 17 XML, SQL, Perl
Movable Word Text Drupal Mambo Typo3 type press pattern Ease of install ◒ Learning curve ◒ ◒ ○ ◒ ○○ Session controll ● ◒ ●○○○ User controll ●●●◒◒◒ Extensability ● ◒ ● ◒◒○ Scalability ● ● ● ● ○ ○ Themability ● ◒◒◒◒◒ (X)HTML/CSS ●●○●●● ○poor ●best Source: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/ibm/library/i-osource1/#fig3 18
9 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
Rank OS CMS Ø Rating Count Rank OS CMS Ø Rating Count based on PHP / MySQL 1=poor, 5=best based on PHP / MySQL 1=poor,10=best 1 Joomla! 4.24 5460 1 Drupal 6.34 179 2 e107 4.21 6137 2 MODx 6.31 75 3 MODx 4.22 1937 3 eZ Publish 6.30 69 4 CMS Made Simple 4.18 1974 4 PHP-Fusion 6.22 27 5 PHP-Fusion 4.09 5742 5 TYPO3 6.21 161 6 Drupal 4.02 8058 6 Joomla! 6.12 310 7 TYPO3 4.02 5303 7 e107 6.07 120 8 XOOPS 3.96 1775 8 XOOPS 5.93 107 9 eZ Publish 3883.88 514 9 Xaraya 5835.83 35 10 Xaraya 3.86 1623 10 WordPress 5.79 23 11 PHP-Nuke 3.79 1907 11 Mambo 5.71 89 12 Mambo 3.77 3278 12 CMS Made Simple 5.49 31 www.opensourcecms.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=388&Itemid=184 www.cmsmatrix.org/matrix/cms-matrix?func=viewRatingDetails 19 is the overall winner of Packt‘s 2007 Open Source CMS Award! Followed by + .
n = 1000 (not objective) Source: www.buytaert.net
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10 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
{Dutch} means village dorp {English}
Domain registration: spelling mistake: dorp → drop {Dutch} means drop druppel {English} pronounces DDliruplicon [Eyes: Symbol of infinity ∞ → unlimited possibilities of Drupal] {English} 21
Started in 1999 by Dries Buytaert at the University of Antwerpen (www.buytaert.net) Current Version is 6.4 Roadmap: Drupal 7 – 2009 Open Source – GPLv2 (GNU)
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor; 5.2) Appache (2.X; or IIS 5/6) webserver MySQL (4.1/5.0 or PostgreSQL 7.4) - Oracle support is comming - IBM is working on DB2 support
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11 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
>900 developers for core & >1500 for contribution >2000 modules >400 themes >800‘000 websites >60‘000 downloads monthly >300‘000 registered Users #3 behind Typo3/Joomla! >40 languages!
Afrikaans Danish Finnish Icelandic Persian Spanish Albanian Dutch French Italian Polish Swedish Arabic Dzongkha Galician Japanese Portuguese Thai Basque English German Latvian Romanian Turkish Catalan Esperanto Greek Lithuanian Russian Vietnamese Chinese Estonian Hebrew Marathi Slovak Czech Faroese Hungarian Norwegian Slovenian 23
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Quelle: www.buytaert.net
12 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
Core (by default) Contributions (www.drupal.org) Blog Audios & podcasts Forum Videos & YouTube Poll (survey) Foto gallery Newsletter Guestbook Comment Chat, instant messaging Formulars eCommerce & online shop Profile Tagadelic (tag cloud) RSS (aggregator) Wiki Path (()clean URL) Schedule Search (fuzzy search) Workflow Statistics (Google Analy.) CRM Contact form etc. (>1000 modules); see:
Taxonomy, etc. www.drupalmodules.com 25
Applications & Services Blogs Podcasts Vodcasts
Collective Wikis Intelligence UCG(User Communities Generated Content) Semantic Private/business Plattformen Web Social Networking Portale Web‐Mapping Commerce Chat Social Foren Mashups Bookmarking Instant Messeging Folksonomy Taxonomie Games VoIP Tags (Voice over Tagging SaaS Internet Protocol) (Software‐as‐ Flash Ping a‐Service) SMIL Plug‐ins Atom SOA Web Services (Synchronized (Service (Uniform Multimedia Integration orientierte URI Resource Identifier) Language) Architektur) (Web Services ASP WSDLDescription Language) RIA (Application (Rich RSS Service Provider) Internet (Really Simple Applications) Ruby Syndication) (on Rails) SQL Open (Standard Query SOAP Drupal (ApplicationAPI Language) Source Programming (Simple Object /Projects Interface) (Scalable (Hypertext Datenbanken Access Protocol) CMS Vector Processor) (Content Management Graphics) Perl TCP System) GPL JavaScript (Transmission (General Control Public C# HTTP FTP Protocol) Licence) XML XHTML (Cascading (Hypertext (File (AsynchronousAJAX (Extensible Style Sheets) Transfer Transfer (Internet Browsers Javascript and Markup (Extensible Hypertext Protocol) Protocol) IPProtocol)v4/6 Servers XML) Language) Markup Language) Linux Technologies & Programming Languages Software & Systems 26
13 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
Company Private Customer Drupal User Customer (Community) Modul extension or adaption, Dru pal compatible software & support
Consultants & Delevopers & supporters programmers
Software alterations CClttionsultation, & development of code documentation & (core, modules, themes, etc.) suppurt in forums Drupal.org
Legend: Product or service Intangible Assets Information 27
Pros Cons Usability (simplicity) Few themes & theming Possibilities, functions Lack of commercial support (hig h num ber o f mo du les ) No guarantee (for availability, Customization reliability, quality, security,…) - Modules & themes Learning curve Wishlist: - Architecture & API - Documentation (books,…) Costs (for free!!!) Performance & SEO (search engine optimization) Fantastic community (help/support in forums) 28 Source: www.buytaert.net
14 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
Ability I‘m a chx or UnConeD Drupal consultant or working for a Drupal shop Contributing code, designs, patches back to Drupal jQuery, API, security audit, performance tuning Theme & module development Actions & workflows Learning Custom content types and views Target Contributing documentation & support Mediamatics "I kick ass" threshold Theme & template modification Drastically customize front page Course Locale & internationalization Navigation, menus, taxonomy "I suck" threshold Upgrading, patching, security monitoring Installing contributes themes & modules User, roles & permissions Block system Node system Installation & configuration of Drupal core Time Source: www.buytaert.net 29
Online communities Individuals – eeg.g. personal weblogs - Tim Berners-Lee (founder of the internet) uses Drupal: http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/blog/4 Projects & Campaigns (marketing, politics,...) Organizations & SME (small & medium-sized enterprises) Commercial websites & shops Programmers, etc. Universities & students:
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15 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
n = 1000 Source: www.buytaert.net
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Drupal 6 – Websites entwickeln und verwalten mit dem Open Source CMS, von Hagen Graf, Addison-Wesley, München, 2008. 9 Drupal 6 – Video-Training, von Hagen Graf, video2brain, 2008. Erhältlich unter: www.amazon.de/Video-2-Brain-Drupal- 9 6/dp/3827361346/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=software&qid=1221919719&sr=8-7 Drupal 6 – Das Einsteigerseminar , von Thorsten Luhm, Redline, Heidelberg, 2008. Das Drupal 6 Praxisbuch: Neuerungen in Drupal 6, Arbeiten mit Modulen, Themes und 9 Templates, Drupal als PHP-Framework, von Thomas Zahreddin, mitp, Heidelberg, 2008. Selling Online with Drupal E-Commerce, by Michael Peacock, Packt, 2008. 9 Pro Drupal Development, by John Van Dick, 2nd Edition, Computer Booshop, 2008. Learning Drupal 6 Module Development, by Matt Butcher, Packt, 2008. 9 Praxiswissen Drupal 6, von Friederich Stahl & Olav Schettler, orelleys, 2008. Building Powerful and Robust Websites with Drupal 6, by David Mercer, Packt, 2008 Drupal 5 Themes, by Ric Shreves, Packt, 2007. 9
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23 Course Mediamatics I, Autumnal Term 2008 University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, Darius Zumstein Open Source Content Management Systems – The Drupal Case
Bruns and Meyer-Wegener (2005): Taschenbuch der Medieninformatik, vf. 9 Christ, O. (2007): Content-Management in der Praxis. Erfolgreicher Aufbau und Betrieb unternehmensweiter Portale, Springer, Berlin. Fuchs, D. (2007): Web Content Management Systeme, Vdm, Berlin. Bättig, D . (2007): Open Source Web Content Management Systeme : 9 Ein Vergleich verschiedener Lösungen, Bachelorarbeit, Universität Bern. Hüttenegger, G. (2006): Open Source Knowledge Management, Springer. Müller-Kalthoff, B. (2007): Cross-Media Management. Content-Strategien erfolgreich umsetzen, 2. Auflage, Springer, Berlin. Wolf, M. (2007): Content Management Systeme, C&L. Parth, T. and Schmid, M. (2007): Open Source Content Management Systeme, Studie an der Fachhochschule Nürnberg. 9 Zschau, O., Traub, D., Zahradka, R. (2001): Web Content Management – Websites professionell planen und betreiben, Galileo. 9
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Open Source Content Management Systems All OS CMS on the market: www.opensourcecms.com CMS Matrix (~800 CMS): www.cmsmatrix.org Drupal The most important and official Drupal website: www.drupal.org The official german Drupal site: www.drupalcenter.de Another german link: www.drupal.de Drupal videos, podcasts, articles, training, consulting: www.lullabot.com Good page with 35 "do-it-yourself-videos" for Drupal: www.seoecom.com/cms Drupal school, e.g. for theme building: www.theartlab.net/podcast/drupal-school Audiocasts for beginners http://drupalbasics.com/content-types/audiocast
More links: http://diuf.unifr.ch/is/drupal
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