The Town Plans of Glasgow, 1764 - 1865: a History and Cartobibliography
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THE TOWN PLANS OF GLASGOW, 1764 - 1865: A HISTORY AND CARTOBIBLIOGRAPHY JOHN N. MOORE A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Glasgow for the degree of Master of Letters. Department of Geography, University of Glasgow March, 1994 Copyright (c) John N. Moore, 1994. ProQuest Number: 13818432 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13818432 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 J l o qs S3 ) GLASGOW u n i v e r s i t y u b r a r y 2 ABSTRACT This thesis lists and considers all of the town plans which depict the City of Glasgow up to and including the large scale maps produced by the Ordnance Survey. Earlier depictions of town layout are of great value in an interpretation of urban patterns and their development but their use needs to be based on an understanding of their original purpose, the ability of the cartographer and their correct dating. In the past, many false assumptions have been made about such documents and this research seeks to correct many of these. In addition to listing and describing the eighty-eight entries, significant elements of their individual production and their relationship to earlier surveys are detailed. The cartobibliography is preceded by a discussion of the history of the city’s mapping and some of the most important figures involved in Glasgow surveying. A concluding appendix seeks to be a comprehensive list of surveyors resident and working in Glasgow for the period, 1700-1855. 3 LIST OF CONTENTS Page Chapter One: Introduction 8 Chapter Two: The Mapping of Glasgow 25 Chapter Three: The Town Plans of Glasgow 65 Appendix A: Small Scale Plans 205 Appendix B: Glasgow Surveyors, 1700-1855 208 Bibliography 221 4 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1: A Plan of Glasgow, 1773 by Charles Ross opp. p. 14 Figure 2: Detail from Plan of the City of Glasgow, 1778 by John McArthur opp. p. 15 Figure 3: Advertisement from The Post Office Glasgow Annual Directory, 1841-42, p. 173 indicating Alexander Dick’s range of land surveying chains opp. p.44 Figure 4: Plan of part of the City of Glasgow, 1764 by James Barrie (S.R.O. RHP 3945) opp. p.65 Figure 5: Plan of the City of Glasgow, 1790 opp. p.84 Figure 6: A Plan of the City of Glasgow, 1797 by James Denholm opp. p.87 Figure 7: Detail from Map of the City of Glasgow and Suburbs, 1807 by Peter Fleming opp. p.92 Figure 8: Peter Fleming's proposals for a new plan of Glasgow,Glasgow Herald, no. 1902, 16 March 1821 opp. p. 102 Figure 9: Detail from Map of the City of Glasgow and Suburbs, 1821 by David Smith opp. p. 103 Figure 10: Map of the City of Glasgow and Suburbs, 1825 by Robert Gray opp. p. 110 Figure 11: Detail from Plan of the City of Glasgow and its Environs, 1828 by David Smith opp. p. 116 Figure 12: Glasgow, 1835 by Joshua Archer opp. p. 136 Figure 13: Glasgow, 1842 by W. & A.K. Johnston opp. p. 155 Figure 14: Glasgow and Suburbs, 1844 by Hugh Wilson opp. p. 165 Figure 15: Detail of the Barony Poorhouse, 1862, Ordnance Survey sheet, Lanarkshire, VI.7.5 opp. p. 194 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In 1983, Margaret Wilkes, Head of the Map Library at the National Library of Scotland, suggested I compile a listing of the town plans of Glasgow. Somehow other matters seemed more important at the time but I would like to record my sincere thanks to her for that original planting of the seed and her continued inspiration. Anyone who has dealings with the cartography of Scotland quickly realises the contribution she has made to the subject and I would like to acknowledge my debt to her and the staff at the Map Library for all their help over many years. I also recognise the invaluable encouragement of Dr. Jeffrey Stone of the University of Aberdeen who first gave me support. I hope that his placed trust has not been misfounded. Inevitably, I have made demands on the time, effort and goodwill of the staff of several map collections. In particular, I have asked much of the unsung heroes, and more especially heroines, of the library world who fetch and carry and seek to find the answer to all those irritating enquiries which need a specific answer. I have received courtesy, assistance and service wherever I have turned which has confirmed a genuine pride in my profession. My sincere thanks are due to the staff of the Glasgow Room, the Mitchell Library for their patience and forbearance; to the staff of the Library of the Royal Faculty of Procurators in Glasgow for permission to consult the Hill Collection; to Francis Herbert, Map Librarian at the Royal Geographical Society, for his suggestion to visit thereby saving me the omission of two maps; to the many staff at the British Library who made every effort to facilitate my brief period of study there despite the organisational problems my requests may have caused and to Fiona Tait and the staff at Birmingham Central Library for their assistance in consulting the Boulton and Watt papers. I wish to thank the University of Glasgow for the granting of two weeks study leave to allow me to travel in pursuit of several unique maps. My colleagues in Glasgow University Library have had to endure much discussion of maps, Glasgow history and the formatting of text on word processors. They have kept me as level headed as I am likely to be and have never tired of my inability to comprehend things at the first telling. My supervisor, David Forrest has had the difficult task of overseeing a member of staff from another department as a part-time student in a subject totally different from the mainstream of departmental research. He has provided support and advice and kept me on the right track. Finally and most importantly, I want to thank my wife, Fiona and daughter, Susan for their understanding, patience and support. I hope they share my delight in belonging to our family. 6 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION The results presented here are entirely the product of the author's own researches on the subject. No portion of the work referred to in this thesis has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification in this, or any other, institute of learning 7 Lord, Let Glasgow Flourish by the Preaching of Thy Word and the Praising of Thy Name. (Motto of the City of Glasgow taken from the Tron Church bell, cast in 1631.) "An old map, like an old almanack, is seldom thought worthy of any particular notice; still, there is something in this record of the former extent and bearings of the city which, for the present, may entitle it perhaps to be looked upon as forming an exception to the rule. It does not indeed carry us back to a very remote period of our civic existence; but it possesses, nevertheless, a considerable degree of interest - enabling us, as it does, to judge at a glance of the great activities which have been at work during the last seventy years in promoting the extension of the city, and in conveying the grasp of this second Tyre over hill and plain to the southward and the west." Views & Notices o f Glasgow in Former Times, 1847, p. 114. 8 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Scope This thesis considers the maps and plans that depict Glasgow during the period between 1764 and 1865. Each plan which illustrates either the whole or a significant sector of the city is discussed and listed in chronological order up to and including the first "editions” of the large scale maps of the Ordnance Survey. These later maps give a picture of the urban form immediately prior to the major changes of the City Improvement schemes in the mid-1860s. This was a watershed period for the Improvement Trustees systematically removed the tenements of the former mediaeval old town and destroyed all but a few of the buildings there, radically altering the street pattern. Given this major change in the layout of the city, 1865 is felt to be a more appropriate cut-off date than an arbitrarily chosen year. The significant sector of the city is taken to be a street delineation greater than a minimum of Glasgow Cross and its radiating thoroughfares (High Street, Gallowgate, Saltmarket and Trongate), combined with some part of the River Clyde, at a scale larger than 1: 30000 (or 1": 2500 feet). Selection is further restricted to depictions which propose to display the city alone and not those showing Glasgow within its regional setting. This decision is intended to include as wide a range of town plans as possible but, inevitably, has led to the exclusion of several street, ward or smaller area, and district maps. Sheets prepared by antiquaries which purport to show the city at a much earlier period than their date of compilation are not included.