Chapter 2: Social Determinants of Health
Social Determinants of Health 2014-2015 Chapter 2: Social Determinants of Health 63 2014-2015 Health of Boston Social Determinants of Health Beyond individual physiology and health-related behaviors, there are other economic, environmental and social factors that influence health. Collectively, we refer to these as social determinants of health. Social determinants are societal influences that help to describe the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age (1). Social determinants of health are uniquely experienced by individuals, differentially impacting health experiences and ultimately contributing to health inequities (2). Research has identified a wide range of social factors that are associated with differences in health outcomes (2): Employment Access to Health Resources Access to Healthy Food Income Access to Health Care Housing Conditions Exposure to Violence Transportation Options Insurance Coverage Environmental Safety Education Occupational Safety These social determinants of health impact an individual’s life in many specific ways, for example, the quality of education available to them, their ability to find and maintain employment and the type of work (including levels of exposure to occupational hazards), access to safe and stable housing, and access to health care and the quality of those services (3). The resulting life experiences, in turn, directly influence physical and mental health and contribute to health inequities. Our report describes how many health-promoting resources, such as income, employment, education, and home ownership, are unevenly distributed within our city among those of differing races and ethnicities, socioeconomic status, and geographic locations. Social determinants of health can be described in terms of three broad context areas: economic, environmental, and social.
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