DOCSLIB.ORG

Where Plants Come From

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Where Plants Come From WHERE PLANTS COME FROM ne of the most useful group of species broad as a continent (europaeus, European) or a Onames is that which gives some indica- country (hispanicus, Spanish), or may be more tion of where a plant originally came from. specific, such as a state pennsylvanicus( , from Once a gardener has a clue or two about the Pennsylvania) or even a town (albanensis, from geographical region to which a plant is native, the English town of St. Albans). In rare cases, he or she can begin to assess whether it might the name might be so detailed as to refer to the thrive or flounder when transplanted to their house or estate where a plant was bred, such as own plot. However, the level of detail that such the holly Ilex x altaclerensis, from Highclere names provide varies tremendously. It can be as Castle, England. With its tall stately stems and beautiful purple blooms, Verbena bonariensis is now found in gardens very far from its native Buenos Aires. WHERE PLANTS COME FROM PLANT PROFILE africanus af-ri-KAHN-us * africana, africanum Acanthus A African. he lush foliage and tall Thwarted love apart, the spiki- agrarius ag-RA-ree-us Tarchitectural flower spikes ness associated with the acan- abyssinicus a-biss-IN-ee-kus agraria, agrarium of the acanthus plant strikes a thus actually refers to the abyssinica, abyssinicum From fields and cultivated land. dramatic note in any garden. plant’s flowers, which are Abyssinian. Belonging to the family Acan- formed from mauve and white alabamensis al-uh-bam-EN-sis thaceae, the name for this overlapping bracts and tubular acadiensis ah-kay-dee-EN-sis alabamensis, alabamense genus of herbaceous perenni- petals. These are born on tall acadiensis, acadiense From Alabama, America. als derives from akanthos, the spikes that rise up gracefully From Nova Scotia, Canada. Greek for thorn. Where you from a mat of large leaves. albanensis al-ban-EN-sis see that acanth forms part of Among the most commonly accolus ak-COH-lus albanensis, albanense the name of a plant, watch out, grown is Acanthus spinosus, accola, accolum From St. Albans, Herefordshire, England; as it indicates that in some which has pointed, spiny From nearby, neighboring. for example, Primula albanensis. part it is spiny, spiky, or thorny. leaves, produces an abundance For instance acanthocomus of flowers and can easily reach aegeus EE-gee-us aldenhamensis al-den--ham-EN-sis (acanthocoma, acanthocomum) a stately 1.2 m (4 feet). Spino- aegea, aegeum aldenhamensis, aldenhamense tells us the plant has spiny sus (spinosa, spinosum) means From the shores of the Aegean From Aldenham House, Hertfordshire, England, hairs on its leaves, while acanthifolius (acanthifolia, spiny. A. mollis has softer leaves and it is probably Sea, Greece. home of the Hon. Vicary Gibbs (see pages 32–3), acanthifolium) means the leaves resemble that of the from this species that the common American name an avid plant collector. Examples include Euonymus acanthus plant. In Greek mythology, the nymph for acanthus, Bear’s Breech, or Bear’s Breeches, orig- aegyptiacus ee-jip-TEE-ah-kus europaeus “Aldenhamensis.” Acantha was much desired by the god Apollo. In an inates as, just like a bear, the acanthus leaf is big, aegyptiaca, aegypticum attempt to fight off his unwanted amorous advances, broad, and hairy! (Mollis, mollis, molle means soft Egyptian. Acantha scratched Apollo’s face. Thus rejected, his or flexible) revenge was to turn her into a spiky plant. Acanthus plants thrive in dry, sunny spots in the aethiopicus ee-thee-OH-pik-us garden, but beware where you plant them, as they aethiopa, aethiopicum form a long taproot that makes it very difficult to Ethiopian. remove them from unsuitable locations. They are Curled leaves of acanthus generally hardy, but it is advisable to apply a gener- feature in classical ee-TOH-lee-kus aetolicus Corinthian capitals. ous mulch to cover the cut-down stems over the first aetolica, aetolium couple of winters after planting. From Aetolia, Greece. AGAPANTHUS * AFRICANUS, African Lily afer A–fer afra, afrum Agapanthus originate from Specifically from the North African the Cape Province region, coastal countries such as Algeria although they are also According to the writer Virgil, Helen of Troy wore a dress embroidered with a and Tunisia. known as Lily of the Nile. highly decorative form of the acanthus. 35 36 WHERE PLANTS COME FROM WHERE PLANTS COME FROM alpestris al-PES-triss amurensis am-or-EN-sis andicolus an-dee-KO-lus * alpestris, alpestre amurensis, amurense anticola, anticolum From lower, usually wooded, mountain habitats. From the Amur River region, Asia. Native of the Andes, South America. alpicolus al-PEE-kol-us anatolicus an-ah-TOH-lee-kus andinus an-DEE-nus alpicola, alpicolum anatolica, alitolicum andina, andinum From high mountain habitats. From Anatolia, Turkey. Andine, from the Andes, South America. alpigenus al-PEE-gen-us ancyrensis an-syr-EN-sis anglicus AN-glee-kus alpigena, alpigenum ancyrensis, ancyrense anglica, anglicum From a mountainous region. From Ankara, Turkey. English. alpinus AL-pin-us annamensis an-na-MEN-sis alpina, alpinum annamensisi, annamense MYOSOTIS ALPESTRIS, Forget-Me-Not From high alpine regions, often rocky. LATIN IN ACTION From Annam, Asia. * Although happy in most conditions Myosotis alpestris altaclerensis al-ta-cle-REN-sis As its name suggests the rock rose Helianthemum antarcticus ant-ARK-tee-kus thrives best given the light shade and moist soil associ- altaclerensis, altaclerene apenninum originates from the Italian Apennine antarctica, antarcticum ated with woodland habitats. From Highclere Castle, Hampshire, England. Mountains and thrives in dry and rocky places. From the South Pole. With its evergreen silver foliage topped by masses aleppicus a-LEP-ee-kus altaicus al-TAY-ik-us of white flowers, this tough plant provides excellent antillanus ant-il-LAN-nus aleppica, aleppicum altaica, altaicum ground cover and is extremely drought resistant. antillana, antillanum, antillaneris, From Aleppo, Syria. From the Altai mountains, Mongolia. antilleris, antillere From the Antilles Islands, West Indies. aleuticus a-LEW-tih-kus amazonicus am-uh-ZOH-nik-us aleutica, aleuticum amazonica, amazonicum antipodus an-te-PO-dus From the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. From the Amazon River, South America. antipoda, antipoum From the Antipodes. alexandrinus al-ex-an-DRY-nus amboinensis am-boy-NEN-sis alexandrina, alexandrenum amboinensis, amboinense apenninus ap-en-NEE-nus From Alexandria, Egypt. From Amboina Island, Indonesia. * apennina, appeninum From the Apennine Mountains, Italy. algeriensis al-jir-ee-EN-sis americanus a-mer-ih-KAH-nus algeriensis, algeriense americana, americanum Algerian. From North or South America. alienus a-LY-en-us ammophilus am-oh-FY-lus aliena, alienum ammophilia, ammophilum HELIANTHEMUM APENNINUM White rock-rose A plant of foreign origin. From sandy places. * 37 38 PLANT HUNTER “L INNAEUS WAS IN REA L ITY A POET Carl Linnaeus WHO HAPPENED TO BECOME A NATURA L IST .” (1707–78) August Strindberg (1849–1912), Swedish writer f gardeners ever despair at Today Linnaeus is most re- classifying the natural world. He continued to LINNAEA BOREALIS, Twinflower Ithe prospect of remember- membered for the binomial, extend the work over the following decades, until ing the Latin name of a or two word, system of it became a two-volume publication in 1758. His Linnaea borealis (borealis meaning “northern”) is one plant, they should pause naming plants that he devel- Genera plantarum (1737) describes in detail all of the few plants named after Carl Linnaeus. It was and give thanks to the oped and refined from the the 935 plant genera that were then known. This one of his favorite plants and has pretty bell-shaped eighteenth-century bota- earlier work of Caspar was followed in 1753 by Species plantarum. De- flowers, which hang in pairs from a single stem. Com- nist, physician, and zoolo- Bauhin (1560–1624). Using scribing thousands of plant species, it became the monly known as the “twinflower,” it is at home growing gist Carl Linnaeus. It is due the binomial method of no- basis for modern nomenclature. Linnaeus’s system in cool forest habitats and its appearance is often an to his rigorous rationaliza- menclature, a plant is first of classification enabled scientists to fit previously indicator of ancient woodland. tion of plant names that attributed to a particular unidentified plants and animals into a sound they now need only recall genus then given its specific framework of knowledge, based on empirical ob- two words, rather than the species name. The species servation. Thus they began to see how one species dozen or so that were com- may then be subdivided related to another. This came at a time when huge monly used in previous eras. into subspecies, variety, and amounts of new plant material was being intro- Born in the southern form for greater clarity of duced into Europe from all over the world. province of Småland, identification. Linnaeus The importance of Linnaeus’s work was fully Sweden, the son of a country Among his contemporaries, Linnaeus based his classification of recognized in his lifetime. He became Court Phy- parson, Linnaeus was raised was famed for his insatiable curiosity plants on their sexual char- sician in 1747, was made a Knight of the Polar in a family in which Latin about the natural world and for the acteristics, dividing plants Star in 1758, and was finally ennobled in 1761, was spoken daily. After accuracy of his visual memory. into groups depending on taking the title of Carl von Linné. After a showing an early interest in the number of stamens and series of debilitating strokes, he died aged 71. plants and botany, he studied medicine at Uppsala pistils (the sexual organs of plants).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spanish Pyrenees 15 – 22 June 2016
    Spanish Pyrenees 15 – 22 June 2016 Participants Sue and Peter Burge Elonwy and Peter Crook Helen and Malcolm Crowder Jackie and Ray Guthrie Ann Stearns Leader Chris Gibson, who also wrote this report. Our hosts: Melanie and Peter Rich at Casa Sarasa www.casasarasa.com Photos by Chris Gibson (CG), Helen Crowder (HC) and Peter Crook (PC), all taken during this holiday. At the end of this report there are photos of some of the non-British moths seen during the week. Front cover: enjoying Aisa valley (CG). Below: eating outside on the last evening (CG) and the green pastures of the upper Hecho valley (HC). This holiday, as for every Honeyguide holiday, also puts something into conservation in our host country by way of a contribution to the wildlife that we enjoyed, in this case for La Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO), the Spanish Ornithological Society, and its work in Aragón. The conservation contribution this year of £40 per person was supplemented by gift aid through the Honeyguide Wildlife Charitable Trust, leading to a total of £440 This donation brings the total given to SEO since the first Honeyguide holiday in Spain in 1991 to £16,745 (through all Honeyguide holidays, mostly the Spanish Pyrenees and Extremadura). As at July 2016, the total for all conservation contributions through Honeyguide since 1991 was £108,716. 2 DAILY DIARY Wednesday 15 June: The way there… What should have been a simple journey, Stansted to Biarritz then minibus to Berdún, had by 8pm turned out rather differently. After a series of delays due to thundery weather our flight eventually got onto French tarmac an hour late, where we were held on the plane because of the heavy rain, although any benefit from that was soon negated when we had to wait outside, in the continuing deluge, while another plane took off.
    [Show full text]
  • Germinative Response to Heat Treatments in Relation to Resprouting Ability
    Journal of Ecology 2008, 96, 543–552 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01359.x BurningBlackwell Publishing Ltd seeds: germinative response to heat treatments in relation to resprouting ability S. Paula and J. G. Pausas* Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Charles R. Darwin 14, Parc Tecnològic, Paterna, València 46980, Spain Summary 1. In Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems, plant species persist and regenerate after fire by resprouting, by recruiting new individuals from a seed bank (post-fire seeding), or by both resprouting and post-fire seeding. Since species with resprouting ability are already able to persist in fire-prone ecosystems, we hypothesize that they have been subjected to lower evolutionary pressure to acquire traits allowing or enhancing post-fire recruitment. Consequently, we predict that the germination of non-resprouters is more likely to be increased or at least unaffected by heat than the germination of resprouters. 2. To test this hypothesis we compiled published experiments carried out in Mediterranean Basin species where seeds were exposed to different heat treatments. We compared the probability of heat-tolerant germination (i.e. heated seeds had greater or equal germination than the control), the probability of heat-stimulated germination (i.e. heated seeds had greater germination than the control) and the stimulation magnitude (differences in proportion of germination of the heated seeds in relation to the untreated seeds, for heat-stimulated treatments) between resprouters and non-resprouters. 3. Non-resprouters showed higher probability of heat-tolerance, higher probability of heat- stimulation and higher stimulation magnitude even when phylogenetic relatedness was considered. Differences between life-forms and post-fire seeding ability do not explain this pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • OPP DOC.19.21 Current OMEGA WEST RAW DATA
    Total Taxon group Common name Scientific name Designation code Designation group 0 LICHEN Buellia hyperbolica Buellia hyperbolica IUCN Global Red List - Vulnerable, Nationally Rare, NERC S41, UK BAP Priority Species European/National Importance,European and UK Legal Protection 0 LICHEN Lecidea mucosa Lecidea mucosa Nationally Rare European/National Importance 0 FLOWERING PLANT Keeled Garlic Allium carinatum Invasive Non-Native Species Invasive Non-Native 0 LICHEN Micarea submilliaria Micarea submilliaria Nationally Rare European/National Importance 0 CHROMIST Macrocystis pyrifera Macrocystis pyrifera Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 9 European and UK Legal Protection 0 CHROMIST Macrocystis laevis Macrocystis laevis Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 9 European and UK Legal Protection 0 FLOWERING PLANT Indian Balsam Impatiens glandulifera Invasive Non-Native Species, Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 9 Invasive Non-Native,European and UK Legal Protection 0 FLOWERING PLANT False-acacia Robinia pseudoacacia Invasive Non-Native Species, Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 9 Invasive Non-Native,European and UK Legal Protection 0 FLOWERING PLANT Giant Hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum Invasive Non-Native Species, Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 9 Invasive Non-Native,European and UK Legal Protection 0 CHROMIST Macrocystis integrifolius Macrocystis integrifolius Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 9 European and UK Legal Protection 0 CHROMIST Macrocystis augustifolius Macrocystis augustifolius Wildlife and Countryside Act
    [Show full text]
  • Time Lags in Plant Community Assembly After Forest Encroachment Into Mediterranean Grasslands: Drivers and Mechanisms
    Time lags in plant community assembly after forest encroachment into Mediterranean grasslands: drivers and mechanisms Tesi doctoral Guillem Bagaria Morató per optar al grau de Doctor Dirigida per: Dr. Joan Pino Vilalta Dr. Ferran Rodà de Llanza Programa de doctorat en Ecologia Terrestre CREAF i Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia Facultat de Biociències Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, març 2015 El Doctor Joan Pino Vilalta, professor de la Unitat d’Ecologia de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona i investigador del Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, El Doctor Ferran Rodà de Llanza, professor de la Unitat d’Ecologia de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona i investigador del Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Certifiquen que: Aquesta tesi duta a terme per Guillem Bagaria Morató al Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia i al Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, i titulada Time lags in plant community assembly after forest encroachment into Mediterranean grasslands: drivers and mechanisms ha estat realitzada sota la seva direcció. Dr. Joan Pino Vilalta Dr. Ferran Rodà de Llanza Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), març 2015 LO CEP I Al Cep, pare del vi, li digué la pacífica Olivera: —Acosta’t a mon tronch, de branca en branca enfila’t, y barreja als penjoys d’esmeragdes que jo duch los teus rahims de perles—. Y l’arbre de Noè a l’arbre de la pau fa de contesta: —Olivera que estàs prop de mi, ni tu faràs oli, ni jo faré vi. II Ta brancada és gentil, gentil y sempre verda, mes, ay de mi! No em dexa veure el sol, que ab sos raigs d’or més rossos m’enjoyella.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Characteristics As Drivers of Alien Plant Naturalization and Invasion
    Reproductive characteristics as drivers of alien plant naturalization and invasion Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences presented by Mialy Harindra Razanajatovo at the Faculty of Sciences Department of Biology Date of the oral examination: 12 February 2016 First referee: Prof. Dr. Mark van Kleunen Second referee: Prof. Dr. Markus Fischer Konstanzer Online-Publikations-System (KOPS) URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-324483 Summary Due to human activity and global movements, many plant species have been introduced to non-native regions where they experience novel abiotic and biotic conditions. Some of these alien species manage to establish reproducing naturalized populations, and some naturalized alien species subsequently become invasive. Invasion by alien plant species can negatively affect native communities and ecosystems, but what gives the alien species an advantage under novel conditions is still not clear. Therefore, identifying the drivers of invasions has become a major goal in invasion ecology. Reproduction is crucial in plant invasions, because propagule supply is required for founding new populations, population maintenance and spread in non-native regions. Baker’s Law, referring to the superior advantage of species capable of uniparental reproduction in establishing after long distance dispersal, has received major interest in explaining plant invasions. However, previous findings regarding Baker’s Law are contradicting. Moreover, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the integration of alien plant species into native plant-pollinator networks but few studies have looked at the pollination ecology of successful (naturalized and invasive) and unsuccessful (non-naturalized and non-invasive) alien plant species.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycorhization Contrôlée D'une Cistacée Pérenne Par Les Terfez En
    Université d’Oran Es-Senia Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Département de Biotechnologie Mémoire de MAGISTER en Biotechnologie Option : Intérêt des microorganismes en agriculture et en agroalimentaire Présenté et soutenu publiquement par : KERMANI Ismahene Thème : Mycorhization contrôlée d’une Cistacée pérenne par les terfez en conditions gnotoxéniques et essai de transplantation sur le terrain. Soutenu le 02 / 07 / 2013 devant le jury composé de Pr. Aoues A. Université d’Oran Président Pr. Hadjadj Aoul S. Université d’Oran Examinateur Pr. Bellahcene M. C. U. Ain Temouchent Examinateur Pr. Fortas Z. Université d’Oran Rapporteur Table des matières Liste des tableaux .........................................................................................................................i Liste des figures .......................................................................................................................... ii Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapitre 1: Synthèse bibliographique 1. Connaissances sur les terfez.................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Historique des terfez........................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Définition et les noms vernaculaires ............................................................................... 4 1.3. Répartition géographique des
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies & Botany of the Eastern French Pyrenees
    Butterflies & Botany of the Eastern French Pyrenees 23 - 30 May 2019 Led by David Moore & Yiannis Christofides Greenwings Wildlife Holidays Tel: 01473 254658 Web: www.greenwings.co.uk Email: [email protected] Buerflies & Botany of the Eastern French Pyrenees 2019 Holiday Report 23 May - 30 May Led by David Moore and Yiannis Christofides IntroducCon This buerfly and botanical holiday was based in the foothills of Mt Canigou, the sacred mountain for Catalonians on both sides of the French - Spanish border. Rising to 2784 metres it dominates the eastern end of the Pyrenees near the French border with Spain and Andorra. The area is oen referred to as French Catalonia and a minority of the populaon sll speak the Catalan dialect. The dominant climac influence of the Eastern Pyrenees is the Mediterranean and so the climate is warmer and the days sunnier than elsewhere in the Pyrenees. The area boasts a wide variety of habitats, including Mediterranean Garrigue, Holm, Downy Oak and Beech woods, schist and calcareous grasslands and alpine screes, all of which are home to a wealth of interesng buerflies and plants. The holiday was led by David Moore and Yiannis Christofides. The hotel used was the same one as in 2017 and 2018, in the town of Prades, although it is now part of the Best Western chain rather than privately run. The guests joining us were John & Isla, Greg & Valerie, Dave P, Dave W, Andrew, Trevor, Roy, Colin and Paul. What follows is a daily diary for the week, followed by gallery and species lists. Day 1, Thursday 23rd May: Arrival at Perpignan airport, transfer to hotel and visit to Py.
    [Show full text]
  • New Contributions to the Ericion Umbellatae Alliance in the Central Iberian Peninsula
    sustainability Article New Contributions to the Ericion umbellatae Alliance in the Central Iberian Peninsula José C. Piñar Fuentes 1, Mauro Raposo 2 , Carlos J. Pinto Gomes 2 , Sara del Río González 3, Giovanni Spampinato 4 and Eusebio Cano 1,* 1 Department of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Section of Botany, University of Jaén, Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; [email protected] 2 Department of Landscape, Environment and Planning, Institute for Mediterranean Agrarian and Environmental Sciences (ICAAM), School of Science and Technology, University of Évora (Portugal), Rua Romão Ramalho, n◦ 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal; [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (C.J.P.G.) 3 Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management (Botany), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Vegazana s/n, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; [email protected] 4 Department of Agraria, “Mediterranea” University of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The study of heathlands dominated by Erica australis, E. umbellata and Cistus populifolius in the centre and west of the Iberian Peninsula allows us to separate the eight shrubland communities. The taxonomic analysis of E. australis distinguishes two subspecies: E. australis subsp. australis and E. australis subsp. aragonensis. The statistical treatment confirms the differences between the subal- liances Ericenion aragonensis and Ericenion umbellatae. This ecological, bioclimatic, biogeographical Citation: Piñar Fuentes, J.C.; Raposo, and floristic study has allowed us to differentiate three new associations from the remaining five: M.; Pinto Gomes, C.J.; del Río TCp = Teucrio oxylepis-Cistetum populifolii nova.
    [Show full text]
  • Hotspot» De Biodiversidad Vegetal Ibérica
    DESENTRAÑANDO LA HISTORIA Y EVOLUCIÓN EN EL PRINCIPAL «HOTSPOT» DE BIODIVERSIDAD VEGETAL IBÉRICA. UNA APROXIMACIÓN MULTIESCALAR EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL DE SIERRA NEVADA RafaeL MOLINA-VENEGAS1, VIOLeta I. SIMÓN-POrcar2, LAURA NAVARRO3, ALEJANDRA DE CASTRO4, ABELARDO ApariciO5, SÉBASTIEN LAVERGNE6, JUAN LORITE7, RafaeL GONZÁLEZ-ALBALADEJO8, SARA MartÍNEZ-SÁNCHEZ9, MARCIAL ESCUDERO10, SARA MartÍN-HERNANZ11, JUAN ARROYO12 RESUMEN Dadas las amenazas actuales sobre la biodiversidad del planeta, es crítico desentrañar los mecanis- mos evolutivos responsables de la formación de los puntos calientes de biodiversidad («hotspots»). Sierra Nevada es un «hotspot» en la cuenca mediterránea, donde una compleja historia geológica y climática ha creado diversos hábitats a los que las plantas se han adaptado, dando lugar a distintas 1 Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla. Autor para correspondencia: J. Arroyo, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080 Sevilla. [email protected], tel. 954557058, fax. 954557059. Dirección actual: Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares. 2 Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla. Autor para correspondencia: J. Arroyo, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080 Sevilla. [email protected], tel. 954557058, fax. 954557059. 3 Servicio de Biología, CITIUS-2, Universidad de Sevilla. 4 Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla. Autor para correspondencia: J. Arroyo, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080 Sevilla. [email protected], tel. 954557058, fax. 954557059. 5 Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla. Autor para correspondencia: J. Arroyo, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080 Sevilla. [email protected], tel.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Distribution and Evolution of Mycorrhizas in Land Plants
    Mycorrhiza (2006) 16: 299–363 DOI 10.1007/s00572-005-0033-6 REVIEW B. Wang . Y.-L. Qiu Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants Received: 22 June 2005 / Accepted: 15 December 2005 / Published online: 6 May 2006 # Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract A survey of 659 papers mostly published since plants (Pirozynski and Malloch 1975; Malloch et al. 1980; 1987 was conducted to compile a checklist of mycorrhizal Harley and Harley 1987; Trappe 1987; Selosse and Le Tacon occurrence among 3,617 species (263 families) of land 1998;Readetal.2000; Brundrett 2002). Since Nägeli first plants. A plant phylogeny was then used to map the my- described them in 1842 (see Koide and Mosse 2004), only a corrhizal information to examine evolutionary patterns. Sev- few major surveys have been conducted on their phyloge- eral findings from this survey enhance our understanding of netic distribution in various groups of land plants either by the roles of mycorrhizas in the origin and subsequent diver- retrieving information from literature or through direct ob- sification of land plants. First, 80 and 92% of surveyed land servation (Trappe 1987; Harley and Harley 1987;Newman plant species and families are mycorrhizal. Second, arbus- and Reddell 1987). Trappe (1987) gathered information on cular mycorrhiza (AM) is the predominant and ancestral type the presence and absence of mycorrhizas in 6,507 species of of mycorrhiza in land plants. Its occurrence in a vast majority angiosperms investigated in previous studies and mapped the of land plants and early-diverging lineages of liverworts phylogenetic distribution of mycorrhizas using the classifi- suggests that the origin of AM probably coincided with the cation system by Cronquist (1981).
    [Show full text]
  • Hollins 2012
    WILDLIFE DIARY AND NEWS FOR DEC 24 - 30 (WEEK 52 OF 2012) BIRDS Divers : Plenty of Red-throated this week with as many as 24 to be seen off Selsey Bill on Dec 28 and around 20 in Christchurch Harbour on Dec 24 with just 1393 seen off The Hague in the Netherlands on Dec 26. The only place to see more than one Black-throated was Anstruther in Scotland with 3 on Dec 27 but singles were seen at Sandy Point (Hayling Island) on Dec 23, Christchurch Harbour on that day and Dec 24, with one in the Stokes Bay are of Gosport on Dec 27 and 28. On Dec 23 Torbay in Devon had 10 Great Northern and on Dec 24 there were 11 at Gerrans Bay (south Cornwall) while on Dec 27 Selsey Bill had 5, Portland Harbour had 4 and there was one in Southampton Water - on Dec 28 one even came into the mouth of Langstone Harbour. Grebes : No mention of the east Solent Great Crested this week but there were 33 in the Torbay area of Devon on Dec 23 and 55 off Folkestone on Dec 27. Single Red-necked were heading west past Selsey Bill on Dec 27, Weymouth Bay in Dorset on Dec 26 and Gerrans Bay in Cornwall on Dec 23. Portland Harbour had the most Slavonian (but only 4 on Dec 27 with Selsey Bill coming second with 3 on Dec 23). Dorset had no counts of Black-necked higher than 31 on Dec 21 when 21 were in Portland Harbour and another 10 in the Studland area, and this was topped by Cornwall where 35 were reported in Carrick Roads (Falmouth) on Dec 23.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Standards Monitoring Guidance for Vascular Plant Species
    Common Standards Monitoring Guidance for Vascular Plant Species Version February 2004 ISSN 1743-8160 (online) Issue date: February 2004 Common Standards Monitoring guidance for vascular plant species 1 Introduction This chapter deals with Common Standards Monitoring (CSM) for vascular plants on designated sites, including SSSIs and SACs. It provides guidance on the identification of interest features, attributes, targets and methods of assessment. 2 Defining the interest feature 2.1 The vast majority of citations for biological A/SSSIs will name some plant species as occurring on the site. In most cases this serves a descriptive purpose, naming common plants which are distinctive in a particular habitat or community. It is essential to distinguish between this descriptive purpose and situations in which the named species constitute an interest feature in their own right. The guidance in this chapter deals only with those species which qualify as individual notified features or qualify in combination with other vascular plant species according to the Guidelines for selection of biological SSSIs (NCC, 1989), or according to similar guidelines that have been used to select ASSIs, or which appear on the Habitats and Species Directive Annex II. 2.2 Sites that have been notified for individual qualifying species are normally easy to identify by their citations. These species will be in the following categories: listed on Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, Red Data Book (RDB) species, endemic species, non-endemic species threatened in Europe, declining and regionally rare species, microspecies and hybrids. Apart from Schedule 8 species, for which all sites should be selected, sites for these species should additionally have been selected for either population size or for being the only site in an Area of Search (AOS).
    [Show full text]