First Aid/CPR/AED PARTICIPANT’S MANUAL Table of Contents
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Anti-Glioma Effect of Pseudosynanceia
DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.7.2295 Effect of Pseudosynanceia Melanostigma Venom on Glioblastoma Cells RESEARCH ARTICLE Editorial Process: Submission:02/14/2021 Acceptance:07/15/2021 Anti-Glioma Effect of Pseudosynanceia Melanostigma Venom on Isolated Mitochondria from Glioblastoma Cells Maral Ramezani, Fatemeh Samiei, Jalal Pourahmad* Abstract Background: Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system that occurs in the spinal cord or brain. Pseudosynanceia Melanostigma is a venomous stonefish in the Persian Gulf, which our knowledge about is little. This study’s goal is to investigate the toxicity of stonefish crude venom on mitochondria isolated from U87 cells. Methods: In the first stage, we extracted venom stonefish and then isolated mitochondria have exposed to different concentrations of venom. Finally, mitochondrial toxicity parameters (Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytochrome c release, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP), and mitochondrial swelling) have evaluated. Results: To determine mitochondrial parameters, we used 115, 230, and 460 µg/ml concentrations. The results of our study show that the venom of stonefish selectively increases upstream parameters of apoptosis such as mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, MMP collapse and ROS. Conclusion: This study suggests that Pseudosynanceia Melanostigma crude venom has selectively caused toxicity by increasing active mitochondrial oxygen radicals. This venom could potentially be a candidate for the treatment of glioblastoma. Keywords: Mitochondria- glioblastoma- fish venoms- cell line- tumor- toxicity-Persian Gulf Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 22 (7), 2295-2302 Introduction freshwater or saltwater. Marine animals most commonly used for animals live in saltwater, i.e. in oceans, seas, Glioblastoma multiform is the most common group of etc. -
Metabolomic Profiling Identifies a Novel Mechanism for Heat Stroke‑Related Acute Kidney Injury
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 23: 241, 2021 Metabolomic profiling identifies a novel mechanism for heat stroke‑related acute kidney injury LING XUE1*, WENLI GUO2*, LI LI2, SANTAO OU2, TINGTING ZHU2, LIANG CAI3, WENFEI DING2 and WEIHUA WU2 Departments of 1Urology and 2Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University;3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China Received April 13, 2020; Accepted August 20, 2020 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11880 Abstract. Heat stroke can induce a systemic inflammatory factor mitochondria‑associated 2 (Aifm2), high‑mobility group response, which may lead to multi‑organ dysfunction including box 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycosylation end acute kidney injury (AKI) and electrolyte disturbances. To products (RAGE). Liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry investigate the pathogenesis of heat stroke (HS)‑related AKI, analysis was conducted to find differential metabolites and a mouse model of HS was induced by increasing the animal's signaling pathways. The HS mouse model was built success‑ core temperature to 41˚C. Blood samples obtained from the fully, with significantly increased creatinine levels detected tail vein were used to measure plasma glucose and creati‑ in the serum of HS mice compared with controls, whereas nine levels. Micro‑positron emission tomography‑computed micro‑PET/CT revealed active metabolism in the whole tomography (micro‑PET/CT), H&E staining and trans‑ body of HS mice. H&E and TUNEL staining revealed that mission electron microscopy were conducted to examine the kidneys of HS mice exhibited signs of hemorrhage and metabolic and morphological changes in the mouse kidneys. -
Recognizing When a Child's Injury Or Illness Is Caused by Abuse
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Recognizing When a Child’s Injury or Illness Is Caused by Abuse PORTABLE GUIDE TO INVESTIGATING CHILD ABUSE U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street NW. Washington, DC 20531 Eric H. Holder, Jr. Attorney General Karol V. Mason Assistant Attorney General Robert L. Listenbee Administrator Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Office of Justice Programs Innovation • Partnerships • Safer Neighborhoods www.ojp.usdoj.gov Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention www.ojjdp.gov The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance; the Bureau of Justice Statistics; the National Institute of Justice; the Office for Victims of Crime; and the Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking. Recognizing When a Child’s Injury or Illness Is Caused by Abuse PORTABLE GUIDE TO INVESTIGATING CHILD ABUSE NCJ 243908 JULY 2014 Contents Could This Be Child Abuse? ..............................................................................................1 Caretaker Assessment ......................................................................................................2 Injury Assessment ............................................................................................................4 Ruling Out a Natural Phenomenon or Medical Conditions -
Protecting Workers from Cold Stress
QUICK CARDTM Protecting Workers from Cold Stress Cold temperatures and increased wind speed (wind chill) cause heat to leave the body more quickly, putting workers at risk of cold stress. Anyone working in the cold may be at risk, e.g., workers in freezers, outdoor agriculture and construction. Common Types of Cold Stress Hypothermia • Normal body temperature (98.6°F) drops to 95°F or less. • Mild Symptoms: alert but shivering. • Moderate to Severe Symptoms: shivering stops; confusion; slurred speech; heart rate/breathing slow; loss of consciousness; death. Frostbite • Body tissues freeze, e.g., hands and feet. Can occur at temperatures above freezing, due to wind chill. May result in amputation. • Symptoms: numbness, reddened skin develops gray/ white patches, feels firm/hard, and may blister. Trench Foot (also known as Immersion Foot) • Non-freezing injury to the foot, caused by lengthy exposure to wet and cold environment. Can occur at air temperature as high as 60°F, if feet are constantly wet. • Symptoms: redness, swelling, numbness, and blisters. Risk Factors • Dressing improperly, wet clothing/skin, and exhaustion. For Prevention, Your Employer Should: • Train you on cold stress hazards and prevention. • Provide engineering controls, e.g., radiant heaters. • Gradually introduce workers to the cold; monitor workers; schedule breaks in warm areas. For more information: U.S. Department of Labor www.osha.gov (800) 321-OSHA (6742) 2014 OSHA 3156-02R QUICK CARDTM How to Protect Yourself and Others • Know the symptoms; monitor yourself and co-workers. • Drink warm, sweetened fluids (no alcohol). • Dress properly: – Layers of loose-fitting, insulating clothes – Insulated jacket, gloves, and a hat (waterproof, if necessary) – Insulated and waterproof boots What to Do When a Worker Suffers from Cold Stress For Hypothermia: • Call 911 immediately in an emergency. -
Hay Any Work for Cooper 1 ______
MARPRELATE TRACTS: HAY ANY WORK FOR COOPER 1 ________________________________________________________________________________ Hay Any Work For Cooper.1 Or a brief pistle directed by way of an hublication2 to the reverend bishops, counselling them if they will needs be barrelled up3 for fear of smelling in the nostrils of her Majesty and the state, that they would use the advice of reverend Martin for the providing of their cooper. Because the reverend T.C.4 (by which mystical5 letters is understood either the bouncing parson of East Meon,6 or Tom Cook's chaplain)7 hath showed himself in his late Admonition To The People Of England to be an unskilful and beceitful8 tub-trimmer.9 Wherein worthy Martin quits himself like a man, I warrant you, in the modest defence of his self and his learned pistles, and makes the Cooper's hoops10 to fly off and the bishops' tubs11 to leak out of all cry.12 Penned and compiled by Martin the metropolitan. Printed in Europe13 not far from some of the bouncing priests. 1 Cooper: A craftsman who makes and repairs wooden vessels formed of staves and hoops, as casks, buckets, tubs. (OED, p.421) The London street cry ‘Hay any work for cooper’ provided Martin with a pun on Thomas Cooper's surname, which Martin expands on in the next two paragraphs with references to hubs’, ‘barrelling up’, ‘tub-trimmer’, ‘hoops’, ‘leaking tubs’, etc. 2 Hub: The central solid part of a wheel; the nave. (OED, p.993) 3 A commodity commonly ‘barrelled-up’ in Elizabethan England was herring, which probably explains Martin's reference to ‘smelling in the nostrils of her Majesty and the state’. -
Management of Specific Wounds
7 Management of Specific Wounds Bite Wounds 174 Hygroma 234 Burns 183 Snakebite 239 Inhalation Injuries 195 Brown Recluse Spider Bites 240 Chemical Burns 196 Porcupine Quills 240 Electrical Injuries 197 Lower Extremity Shearing Wounds 243 Radiation Injuries 201 Plate 10: Pipe Insulation Protective Frostbite 204 Device: Elbow 248 Projectile Injuries 205 Plate 11: Pipe Insulation to Protect Explosive Munitions: Ballistic, the Greater Trochanter 250 Blast, and Thermal Injuries 227 Plate 12: Vacuum Drain Impalement Injuries 227 Management of Elbow Pressure Ulcers 228 Hygromas 252 Atlas of Small Animal Wound Management and Reconstructive Surgery, Fourth Edition. Michael M. Pavletic. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Companion website: www.wiley.com/go/pavletic/atlas 173 174 Atlas of Small Animal Wound Management and Reconstructive Surgery BITE WOUNDS to the skin. Wounds may be covered by a thick hair coat and go unrecognized. The skin and underlying Introduction issues can be lacerated, stretched, crushed, and avulsed. Circulatory compromise from the division of vessels and compromise to collateral vascular channels can result in Bite wounds are among the most serious injuries seen in massive tissue necrosis. It may take several days before small animal practice, and can account for 10–15% of all the severity of tissue loss becomes evident. All bites veterinary trauma cases. The canine teeth are designed are considered contaminated wounds: the presence of for tissue penetration, the incisors for grasping, and the bacteria in the face of vascular compromise can precipi- molars/premolars for shearing tissue. The curved canine tate massive infection. teeth of large dogs are capable of deep penetration, whereas the smaller, straighter canine teeth of domestic cats can penetrate directly into tissues, leaving a rela- tively small cutaneous hole. -
Spider Bites
Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section Office of Public Health, Louisiana Dept of Health & Hospitals 800-256-2748 (24 hr number) www.infectiousdisease.dhh.louisiana.gov SPIDER BITES Revised 6/13/2007 Epidemiology There are over 3,000 species of spiders native to the United States. Due to fragility or inadequate length of fangs, only a limited number of species are capable of inflicting noticeable wounds on human beings, although several small species of spiders are able to bite humans, but with little or no demonstrable effect. The final determination of etiology of 80% of suspected spider bites in the U.S. is, in fact, an alternate diagnosis. Therefore the perceived risk of spider bites far exceeds actual risk. Tick bites, chemical burns, lesions from poison ivy or oak, cutaneous anthrax, diabetic ulcer, erythema migrans from Lyme disease, erythema from Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, sporotrichosis, Staphylococcus infections, Stephens Johnson syndrome, syphilitic chancre, thromboembolic effects of Leishmaniasis, toxic epidermal necrolyis, shingles, early chicken pox lesions, bites from other arthropods and idiopathic dermal necrosis have all been misdiagnosed as spider bites. Almost all bites from spiders are inflicted by the spider in self defense, when a human inadvertently upsets or invades the spider’s space. Of spiders in the United States capable of biting, only a few are considered dangerous to human beings. Bites from the following species of spiders can result in serious sequelae: Louisiana Office of Public Health – Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section Page 1 of 14 The Brown Recluse: Loxosceles reclusa Photo Courtesy of the Texas Department of State Health Services The most common species associated with medically important spider bites: • Physical characteristics o Length: Approximately 1 inch o Appearance: A violin shaped mark can be visualized on the dorsum (top). -
Animal Bites
Updated 12/16/14/ INDEX ANIMAL BITES 3 BATS AND RABIES 6 CLASSROOM PETS- SALMONELLA 9 BED BUGS 11 HEAD LICE 13 SCABIES 15 WEST NILE VIRUS 17 APPENDICES 19 APPENDIX A: IMPORTANT CONTACT NUMBERS APPENDIX B: REPORTABLE DISEASE LIST APPENDIX C: OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2 Updated 1/12/15 Return to Index Animal Bites Background: Most wild animals tend to avoid humans, but they can bite if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, are injured or ill, or if people attempt to approach or feed them. Although bites by wild animals can be more dangerous, bites by domestic animals are far more common. Animals’ saliva can be heavily populated with harmful bacteria and secondary infections of wounds often occur. In addition, animals can transmit zoonotic infections such as rabies (See: Bats and Rabies for more Rabies Information), tetanus, hantavirus, etc. Children are more likely to be bitten by animals and can sometimes sustain severe injuries because of their love of animals and inherent curiosity. In a school setting, bites most frequently involve classroom pets; however, bites can also occur from stray pets or wild animals on campus, especially bats, or an animal being brought to school by a student. Common Classroom Pets Rodents (hamsters, rats, gerbils, mice) Reptiles (lizards, snakes, turtles) Amphibians (frogs, toads) Rabbits Fish None of these caged animals pose any rabies risk. The likelihood of a cat or a dog being infected with rabies in Maricopa County is low- the last known rabid dog was documented in 1978. However, if any animal is displaying the possible neurological signs of Rabies (See: Signs and Symptoms) it’s important to call the MCDPH 24/7 Rabies Hotline (602 747-7111) to receive a risk assessment. -
Skin Injuries – Can We Determine Timing and Mechanism?
Skin injuries – can we determine timing and mechanism? Jo Tully VFPMS Seminar 2016 What skin injuries do we need to consider? • Bruising • Commonest accidental and inflicted skin injury • Basic principles that can be applied when formulating opinion • Abrasions • Lacerations }we need to be able to tell the difference • Incisions • Stabs/chops • Bite marks – animal v human / inflicted v ‘accidental’ v self-inflicted Our role…. We are often/usually/always asked…………….. • “What type of injury is it?” • “When did this injury occur?” • “How did this injury occur?” • “Was this injury inflicted or accidental?” • IS THIS CHILD ABUSE? • To be able to answer these questions (if we can) we need knowledge of • Anatomy/physiology/healing - injury interpretation • Forces • Mechanisms in relation to development, plausibility • Current evidence Bruising – can we really tell which bruises are caused by abuse? Definitions – bruising • BLUNT FORCE TRAUMA • Bruise =bleeding beneath intact skin due to BFT • Contusion = bruise in deeper tissues • Haematoma - extravasated blood filling a cavity (or potential space). Usually associated with swelling • Petechiae =Pinpoint sized (0.1-2mm) hemorrhages into the skin due to acute rise in venous pressure • medical causes • direct forces • indirect forces Medical Direct Indirect causes mechanical mechanical forces forces Factors affecting development and appearance of a bruise • Properties of impacting object or surface • Force of impact • Duration of impact • Site - properties of body region impacted (blood supply, -
Wound Classification
Wound Classification Presented by Dr. Karen Zulkowski, D.N.S., RN Montana State University Welcome! Thank you for joining this webinar about how to assess and measure a wound. 2 A Little About Myself… • Associate professor at Montana State University • Executive editor of the Journal of the World Council of Enterstomal Therapists (JWCET) and WCET International Ostomy Guidelines (2014) • Editorial board member of Ostomy Wound Management and Advances in Skin and Wound Care • Legal consultant • Former NPUAP board member 3 Today We Will Talk About • How to assess a wound • How to measure a wound Please make a note of your questions. Your Quality Improvement (QI) Specialists will follow up with you after this webinar to address them. 4 Assessing and Measuring Wounds • You completed a skin assessment and found a wound. • Now you need to determine what type of wound you found. • If it is a pressure ulcer, you need to determine the stage. 5 Assessing and Measuring Wounds This is important because— • Each type of wound has a different etiology. • Treatment may be very different. However— • Not all wounds are clear cut. • The cause may be multifactoral. 6 Types of Wounds • Vascular (arterial, venous, and mixed) • Neuropathic (diabetic) • Moisture-associated dermatitis • Skin tear • Pressure ulcer 7 Mixed Etiologies Many wounds have mixed etiologies. • There may be both venous and arterial insufficiency. • There may be diabetes and pressure characteristics. 8 Moisture-Associated Skin Damage • Also called perineal dermatitis, diaper rash, incontinence-associated dermatitis (often confused with pressure ulcers) • An inflammation of the skin in the perineal area, on and between the buttocks, into the skin folds, and down the inner thighs • Scaling of the skin with papule and vesicle formation: – These may open, with “weeping” of the skin, which exacerbates skin damage. -
Introduction to Arthropod Groups What Is Entomology?
Entomology 340 Introduction to Arthropod Groups What is Entomology? The study of insects (and their near relatives). Species Diversity PLANTS INSECTS OTHER ANIMALS OTHER ARTHROPODS How many kinds of insects are there in the world? • 1,000,0001,000,000 speciesspecies knownknown Possibly 3,000,000 unidentified species Insects & Relatives 100,000 species in N America 1,000 in a typical backyard Mostly beneficial or harmless Pollination Food for birds and fish Produce honey, wax, shellac, silk Less than 3% are pests Destroy food crops, ornamentals Attack humans and pets Transmit disease Classification of Japanese Beetle Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Order Coleoptera Family Scarabaeidae Genus Popillia Species japonica Arthropoda (jointed foot) Arachnida -Spiders, Ticks, Mites, Scorpions Xiphosura -Horseshoe crabs Crustacea -Sowbugs, Pillbugs, Crabs, Shrimp Diplopoda - Millipedes Chilopoda - Centipedes Symphyla - Symphylans Insecta - Insects Shared Characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda - Segmented bodies are arranged into regions, called tagmata (in insects = head, thorax, abdomen). - Paired appendages (e.g., legs, antennae) are jointed. - Posess chitinous exoskeletion that must be shed during growth. - Have bilateral symmetry. - Nervous system is ventral (belly) and the circulatory system is open and dorsal (back). Arthropod Groups Mouthpart characteristics are divided arthropods into two large groups •Chelicerates (Scissors-like) •Mandibulates (Pliers-like) Arthropod Groups Chelicerate Arachnida -Spiders, -
WHO Guidance on Management of Snakebites
GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SNAKEBITES 2nd Edition GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SNAKEBITES 2nd Edition 1. 2. 3. 4. ISBN 978-92-9022- © World Health Organization 2016 2nd Edition All rights reserved. Requests for publications, or for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications, whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution, can be obtained from Publishing and Sales, World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, Indraprastha Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110 002, India (fax: +91-11-23370197; e-mail: publications@ searo.who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.