Transformations in Sculpture : Four Decades of American And
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H* ,; mSJa t, - '&*JfV. ^HlgrfCV Transformations in Sculpture: Four 1 )ecades oi American and I uropean Art Guggenheim International Exhibition VII TRANSFORMATIONS IN SCULPTURE Four Decades of American and European Art by Diane Waldman I'h is exhibition is suppoi ted by grants from tin Owen Cheatham Foundation and the National I ndowment for the Arts Solomon R Guggenheim Museum, New York Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Waldman, Diane. Transformations in sculpture. Catalog accompanying the seventh in the Guggenheim interna- tional exhibition series. Bibliography: pp. 251-252 Includes index. 1. Sculpture, American — Exhibitions. 2. Sculpture, Modern — 20th century — United States — Exhibitions. 3. Sculpture, Euro- pean — Exhibitions. 4. Sculpture, Modern — 20th century — Eu- rope — Exhibitions. I. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. II. Title. NB212.W24 1985 735'. 23 85-19584 ISBN: 0-89207-052-8 Published by The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York, 1985 © The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York, 1985 Cover: David Smith, Cubi XXVII. March 1965 (cat. no. 15) The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation HONORARY rRUSTEESIN PI RPI II in Solomon R Guggenheim, Justin K fhannhauser, P< ;enheim pri sidi m Petei I awson-Johnston vi( i pri sidi m rhe Right Honorable 1 arl Castle Stewart IKl sills Elaine Dannheisser, Michel David-Weill, Carlo De Benedetti, Joseph W Donner, Robin i handler i Duke, Robert M Gardiner, John S Hilson, Harold W McGraw li Winds I McNeil, Thon Messer, Bonnie Ward Simon, Seymour Sine Stephen C Swid, Rawlcigh Warner, Ji . Michael I Wettach, William I Ylvisaker \l>\ ISOKV BOARD Donald M Blinken, Barrie M Damson, Donald M Feuerstein, Linda LeRoy Janklow, Seyn Klein, Denise Saul, Hannelore Schulhol secretary-treasurer Theodore G Dunker '. M M I Fearon, Assistant treasurer dikk iok Thomas M Messer Solomon K. Guggenheim Museum in pi n diki ctor Diane Waldman vdministrator William M. Jackson si \| I Vivian Endicott Barnett, Curator; I is.i Dennison, Susan 15 Hirschfeld, Assistant Curators; Carol Fuerstein, Editor; Sonja Bay . I ibrarian; Ward Jackson, Archivist; Diana Murphy . 1 ditorial Coordi- '• nator; Susan Hapgoi 1 Spector, \m.nla Cruz, Lisa Yokana, Curatorial Assistants I ouise Averill Svendsen, Curator Emeritus Cherie A Summers, Registrar; Jane Rubin. Associate Registrar; Kathleen M Hill. Assistant Regis- trar; Stephanie Stitt. Registrar's Coordinator; Saul Fuerstein, Preparator; William Smith. l).i\ id M Veater, Ani Gonzalez Rivera, Preparation Assistants; Hubbard Toombs, rechnical Services ( oordi- nator; Leni Potoff, Associate Conservator; Gillian McMillan, Assistant Conservator; Scott \ U ixon, Operations Manager; [bny Moore, Assistant Operations Manager; I.ik.i\ uki Amano, Head I Carpenter. David M leald, Photographei . M\ les \ronow it/. Assistant Photographei Regina O'Brien. Photography Coordinator Minn Poser, Officei foi Development and Public At lairs. Carolyn Porcelli, Helen Georgeou, I (e velopment Associates; Richard Pierce, Public Affairs Associate; Elizabeth K Lawson, Membership iate; Shannon Wilkinson, Public \ffairs Coordinator; Linda Gering, Special Events Coordina- \nnl) Garrison, Development Coordinator; Ann Sephora Pater, Publii Assistant; Clare Pauline Bell, Membership Assistant. Mildred Wolkow, De\ elopmenl \ssistanl ' tgnesR Connolly, Auditor, .link A Ornstein, Accounting Assistant; Stefanie Levinson, Sales lolin Phillips, Assistant Sales Manager; Marguerite Vigliante, Trade Sales Assistant; Maria Masciotti, Managei ol Cafe and Catering; Fred I ee, Assistant Manager ol Cafe and Catering; I >cmse I )ali, Sw itchboard ( )perator; My ro Ki/n\ k, Building Manager; Robert S Rotz, Chiel ol Seem:' Elbio Almiron, Mane Bradley . Carlos Rosado, Assistant Security Supervisors Ann Kraft, Executive Coordinator; Jill Snyder, Administrative Assistant; Faith K Schorn taut to the Administrator I III Ml Mill Ks lean K Benjamin, Mi and Mis H Gerald Cantor, Eleanor, Countess Castle Stewart, Mi and Mrs Barrie M Damson, Mi and Mis Werner Dannheisser, William C Edwards, Jr., Donald M I stein and Jacqueline Dryfoos, Mr and Mrs Andrew P. Fullei ind, Susan Morse Hilles, Mi and Mis Morton I Janklow, Mi and Mis Donald I Jonas, Mi and Mrs Peter Lawson-Johnston, Mi and Mrs Mexander Liberman, Mr and Mrs Irving Moskovitz, Mi and Mrs Robert I Mnuchin, Elizabeth Hastings Peterfreund, Mrs Samuel I Rosenman, Clifford Ross, Mr ami Mis Kndrcv Saul. Mr and Mrs Kudolph I? Schulhof, Mrs Evelyn Sharp, Mrs Leo Simon, Mi andM lien '' \ Simon, Sidney Singer, li ,Mi and Mis Stephen* Mrs Hilde Thannhausci Mis Stephens Weisglass, Mi and Mrs Philip Zierler INSII I I I his \l I'MKiiSN \kiia Foundation, Atlantic Richfield Foundation, I xxon Corporation, l< ihnson Jr Charitable liust. Knoll International. I In K nidation. Robert I ehman Foundation \inheu Mellon 1 oundation, Mobil Corporation, Philip Morns Incorpoi ted Tcchi Corporation Si '. Institute ol Museum i itional Endowment lor tl ndowment tor the Humanities. New York Stale C ouinil on I In LENDERS TO THE EXHIBITION Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Baal-Teshuva Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York Mr. and Mrs. Edwin A. Bergman, Chicago Dallas Museum of Art Georges and Lois de Menil Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York John Duff Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice Stefan T. Edlis Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Richard L. Feigen, New York La Jolla Museum of Contemporary Art Mr. and Mrs. Victor W. Ganz Los Angeles County Museum of Art Milly and Arnold Glimcher Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humle- Mrs. Robert K. Hoffman, Dallas, Texas Mr. & baek, Denmark Mrs. Morton L. Janklow, York Mr. and New Moderna Museet, Stockholm Jasper Johns Musee National d'Art Moderne, Centre Mr. and Mrs. Adrien Maeght, Paris Georges Pompidou, Paris Dr. and Mrs. Paul Todd Makler, Philadelphia Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Martin Z. Margulies, Miami, Florida The Museum of Modern Art, New York Martin Z. Margulies Foundation, Miami, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Florida Philadelphia Museum of Art Muriel Kallis Newman San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Isamu Noguchi Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam Francesco Pellizzi Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford Robert Rauschenberg Walker Art Center, Minneapolis Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Saul Whitney Museum of American Art, New York Ethel Redner Scull, New York Giuliana and Tommaso Setari, New York Leo Castelli Gallery, New York Frank Stella Ronald Feldman Fine Arts Inc., New York The Nan and Stephen Swid Collection Marian Goodman Gallery, New York Marcia S. Weisman, Beverly Hills, California Lisson Gallery, London Mr. and Mrs. Bagley Wright Sperone Westwater Gallery, New York TABLE OF CONTENTS I enders to the I xhibition 6 Preface and Acknow ledgements 8 [ homas M Messer \* knowledgements LI I I )iane Waldman rransformations in Sculpture 12 I Mane Waldman Catalogue 59 Chronology oi I xhibitions 1945-1985 240 Selected General Bibliography 2 i l Vrtists' Biographies, Selected I xhibitions and Bibliographies 253 Index oi Vrtists in tin.- C'.ii.ilo^uc 2h<-> Photographic CuiIin 270 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Guggenheim Internationals, of which the current installment is the seventh, go back to 1956. The initiative for the creation of the original exhibition, which then involved an Award of $10,000 for the winning work of art, was taken by Harry F. Guggenheim, at the time President of The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. Mr. Guggenheim thereby reflected a commitment to international- ism, a cornerstone of Foundation policy even before that time and certainly ever since. The aim of the Guggenheim International Award was to "stimulate public interest in contemporary art and in this way to encourage the work of all artists throughout the world." While the stated objective was simple and straightforward enough, the ma- chinery set up for the determination of the prize winner could not have been more cumbersome, since it was based on a then-prevailing faith in democratic procedures in the service of qualitative judgements. But, despite increasing frus- tration with so unmanageable an apparatus, the subsequent awards of 1958 and 1960 were also implemented by a worldwide network of national and continen- tal juries that channeled its findings through a hierarchic system to an Interna- tional Award Jury designed to produce the "Prix Guggenheim." But by 1964, when the series began again after a four-year pause, the original jury structure was relegated to rendering a merely advisory function, as respon- sibility for the event was transferred to me, as the Museum's Director, and to my curatorial staff. The selection process was subsequently delegated to the Mu- seum's Curator, then Lawrence Alloway, while a three-man jury made up of Ar- nold Riidlinger, Werner Haftmann and Hans Hofmann was given the task of choosing the grant-winning works. Another three years later, in 1967, the Guggenheim International became a show that retained its links with the original Award by adopting the title Guggenheim International Exhibition. It was selected by myself and Fdward F. Fry who, at the time, was the Museum's Assistant Curator. Subtitled Sculpture from Twenty Nations, it was the first Guggenheim International devoted to the three-dimensional medium and in this sense may be considered a forerunner of the current show. Monetary awards were no longer made, but four purchase prizes came to enrich the Museum's collections. The sixth Guggenheim International, which took place in 1971, also was a collaborative venture, this time undertaken