The 3 Legion Attack Cavalry, and a Leader
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1 Gallo-Roman Relations Under the Early Empire by Ryan Walsh A
Gallo-Roman Relations under the Early Empire By Ryan Walsh A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2013 © Ryan Walsh 2013 1 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This paper examines the changing attitudes of Gallo-Romans from the time of Caesar's conquest in the 50s BCE to the start of Vespasian's reign in 70-71 CE and how Roman prejudice shaped those attitudes. I first examine the conflicted opinions of the Gauls in Caesar's time and how they eventually banded together against him but were defeated. Next, the activities of each Julio-Claudian emperor are examined to see how they impacted Gaul and what the Gallo-Roman response was. Throughout this period there is clear evidence of increased Romanisation amongst the Gauls and the prominence of the region is obvious in imperial policy. This changes with Nero's reign where Vindex's rebellion against the emperor highlights the prejudices still effecting Roman attitudes. This only becomes worse in the rebellion of Civilis the next year. After these revolts, the Gallo-Romans appear to retreat from imperial offices and stick to local affairs, likely as a direct response to Rome's rejection of them. -
The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography
Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid. -
Caesar 54 Bc
CAESAR 54 BC INTRODUCTION Caesar 54BC, the fourth Campaign of Caesar in Gaul covers in fact the major invasion of the southern part of Britania (present-day England) by Julius Caesar. The Roman objective is to capture as many hostages as possible from the hostile local tribes. The Briton player must use all means at his disposal to prevent the suc- cess of the raid, to discourage further Roman invasions. Caesar 54BC lasts 14 turns, each of 2 weeks, between April and November 54 BC. The Romans, led by Caes- ar, are launching a campaign over the southern part of the island of Britania. • The Roman player must capture as fast as possible the stringholds of the opposing Briton tribes and take hostages from them, with the help of his famous general, his legions and his fleet. • His Briton opponent must prevent this, using his war chariots, coastal tribes and opportunities created by storms and bad weather hampering Roman supply. The game event cards allow full replay ability thanks to the numerous various situations that their create on the diplomatic, military, political or economical fields Average duration: 1h30 Favored side: none GAME DURATION Hardest side to play: none Caesar 54BC lasts 14 turns, each of 2 weeks, between April and November 54 BC. TheRoman player always moves first, followed by the Briton player. FORCES The Roman player controls the Roman (red), and possible (via Card) the Trinovantes (yellow) units. The Briton player controls the units of the various Briton tribes (Atrebates, Regnii, Catuvellaunii, Cantii, Begae, Incenii, Dobunii, all in variant of tan), as well as the Trinovantes (yellow) and the Menapii (light green). -
Histoire Des Collections Numismatiques Et Des Institutions Vouées À La Numismatique
25 Histoire des collections numismatiques et des institutions vouÉes À la numismatique Igor Van den Vonder and Guido Creemers tHe COINs AND MEDALs COLLECTION oF tHe GALLO-ROMAN MUSEUM IN TONGEREN (BELGIUM) the coin and medal collection of the Gallo-roman museum in tongeren is the former coin and medal cabinet (Munt- en Penningkabinet) of the Province of limburg. it is an important collection, comprising over 30,000 coins and exonumia. the collection reflects the coins produced and in circulation in the region from antiquity to the 19th century and is unique because many were excavated locally. When the coin and medal cabinet was established in 1985, the province’s own collection consisted of the collections belonging to the royal limburg Historical and antiquarian society (Koninklijk Limburgs Geschied- en Oud- heidkundig Genootschap) and the barons Philippe de schaetzen and armand de schaetzen de schaetzenhoff. these form the core of the collection, to- gether with the collection of the former small seminary of sint-truiden, on loan from the diocese of Hasselt. With the acquisition of several private collections, the coin and medal cabinet achieved its target of 10,000 items. an active collecting policy was implemented and the collection soon doubled in size, largely thanks to gifts. Furthermore, Belgium’s royal court made over Prince charles’ personal collection to the coin and medal cabinet as a long-term loan. systematic efforts were also made to acquire the coin hoards found in the region. at the end of the last century the Province of limburg decided to fully integrate the coin and medal cabinet into the archaeological collection of the Gallo-roman museum. -
Peter Mountford, Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar's Campaigns
Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar’s Campaigns in Gaul Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar’s Campaigns in Gaul PETER MOUNTFORD In 2012 an impressive museum was opened on the plain below the village of Alise-Ste- Reine (Alesia). A combined ticket for the museum and the Gallo-Roman site on the t the beginning of June 2016 I made a hilltop costs €11,50. The museum is obviously pilgrimage to Alesia, something that I a popular place for school groups to visit, as had wanted to do for many years. There there were several there at the time of our A visit. The circular museum is on two levels is nothing like a visit to the site of an ancient event for clarifying one’s understanding of that and has impressive views of the site of the event. The topography is so important. events of Alesia from its rooftop (pl.1). My wife and I were very lucky, as we had In the open space in the centre of the ground arrived in France at a time when record floor displays are put on of both Gallic and rainfall had led to severe flooding of the Roman fighting equipment and methods of Seine and other rivers. Thankfully the rain fighting (pl.2). stopped just before we reached Alesia and did not start again until after we left, although These are designed especially for students. it was overcast. Alesia can be easily accessed There is also a good bookshop, although from the motorway from Paris to Lyon. It is almost all books are in French. -
The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476)
Impact of Empire 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd i 5-4-2007 8:35:52 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of the Network Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail addresses: [email protected] and [email protected] Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire geza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd ii 5-4-2007 8:35:52 The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476) Economic, Social, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 200 B.C. – A.D. 476) Capri, March 29 – April 2, 2005 Edited by Lukas de Blois & Elio Lo Cascio With the Aid of Olivier Hekster & Gerda de Kleijn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. -
“Celtic” Oppida
“Celtic” Oppida John Collis (Respondent: Greg Woolf) I will start by stating that I do not believe the sites our discussion. So, what sorts of archaeological feat which I am defiling with qualify as “city-states”; ures might we expect for our “city” and “tribal” indeed, in the past I have drawn a contrast between the states? city-states of the Mediterranean littoral and the inland The area with which I am dealing lies mainly “tribal states” of central and northern Gaul. However, within central and northern France, Switzerland, and their inclusion within the ambit of this symposium is Germany west of the Rhine (Collis [1984a-b], [1995a- useful for two reasons. Firstly, if a class of “city-state” bl). This is the area conquered by Julius Caesar in is to be defined, it is necessary to define the character 58-51 B.C.. In his Commentaries he refers on istics with reference to what is, or is not, shared with numerous occasions to “oppida”, sites often of urban similar types of simple state or quasi-state formations. character, and apparently all with some form of Secondly, the written documentary sources are some defences. Some of the sites he mentions are readily what thin, or even non-existent, for these sites; there recognisable as predecessors to Roman and modern fore archaeology must produce much of the data for towns (Fig. 1) - Vesontio (Besançon), Lutetia (Paris), Fig. 1. Sites mentioned by Caesar in the De Bello Galileo. 230 John Collis Durocortorum (Reims), and Avaricum (Bourges) - large size with the Gallic and central European sites while others have been deserted, or failed to develop - (Ulaca is about 80ha). -
Treasure Exhibition Objects
Treasure Exhibition Objects The main focus of the exhibition is the Coin Hoard found in 2012. This is displayed in a conservation laboratory in the middle of the exhibition. There is live conservation ongoing to the Le Catillon Hoard II. Coins are being taken off the main hoard, cleaned, identified and then catalogued and packaged. The rest of the exhibition contains items from Jersey, Guernsey, Sark , Alderney and France from both the Romans and the Celts. l The rest of the exhibition contains items from The ship timbers from Guernsey Jersey, Guernsey, Sark , Alderney and France from l The Orval Chariot Burial from France both the Romans and the Celts. l Coins from Le Catillon Hoard I from Grouville The amount of items from bothe the cultures l Paule Statues from Brittany show their similarities and differences. They l Kings Road burials from Guernsey also demonstrate the variety of objects found archaeologically in these areas. The below list gives you details of every artefact There are a number of artefacts of particular within the exhibition. significance: Orval Chariot Burial Iron ring bolts, possibly elements connected with the chariot shaft. Five copper alloy phalerae decorated with small carved coral plaques, mounted on their support Iron hoops intended to strengthen the hub of each with a birch resin-based glue, occasionally finished of the two wheels. off with a small bronze rivet. (metal disc used to Iron eye bolts and forked rod which were probably adorn the harness) used as shock absorbers between the axel and the Two rein rings. carriage. Two copper alloy harness rings. -
Liste Des Peuples Celtes 1 Liste Des Peuples Celtes
Liste des peuples celtes 1 Liste des peuples celtes Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (mars 2013). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». (Modifier l'article [1] ) Cet article a pour vocation de servir d'index des peuples celtes ou à caractère celtique. Le nom latin du peuple est donné entre parenthèses lorsque le nom francisé sert de titre à l'article détaillé. Gaule cisalpine Sud du Pô • Boïens (boii) • Lingons (lingones) • Sénons (senones) Nord du Pô • Cénomans (cenomani) • Insubres (insubri) • Taurins (taurini) • Carni Peuples de moindre importance établies au nord du Pô et dominées un temps par les Insubres : Les peuples de la Gaule cisalpine 391-192 av. J.-C. • Anares • Comasques • Laevi • Libici • Lépontiens (lepontii) • Marici • Orobiens (orobii, orumbovii) • Salasses (salassi) Liste des peuples celtes 2 Gaule transalpine Gaule Belgique Article détaillé : Liste des peuples de la Gaule belgique. Remarque : Tous les peuples belges n'étaient probablement pas des Celtes au sens propre du terme, mais leur aristocratie était celtisée. • Aduatuques • Ambiens (Ambiani) • Atrebates (Atrebates) • Bellovaques (Bellovaci) • Caeroesi • Calètes (Caletes) • Catalaunes • Catuslogues (Catuslogi) • Condruses (Condrusi) • Éburons • Geidumnes (Geidumni) • Leuques (Leuci) • Médiomatriques (Mediomatrici) • Ménapiens ou Ménapes (Menapii) • Morins (Morini) • Nerviens (Nervii) • Pémanes (Paemani) • Rèmes (Remi) • Sègnes (Segni) • Silvanectes (Silvanectes) • Suessions (Suessiones) • Tongres (Tungri) • Trévires (treveri) • Tricasses • Viromanduens (Viromandui) Liste des peuples celtes 3 Gaule Celtique Remarque : La Gaule Celtique était habitée par les Celtes. -
La Coalición Belga Del 57 A.C. La Guerra Como Elemento En La Construcción Identitaria Y La Evolución Política En La Galia De La Segunda Edad Del Hierro
LA GUERRA EN LOS BELGAE 2011, nº 1, pp. 77-84 LA COALICIÓN BELGA DEL 57 A.C. LA GUERRA COMO ELEMENTO EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN IDENTITARIA Y LA EVOLUCIÓN POLÍTICA EN LA GALIA DE LA SEGUNDA EDAD DEL HIERRO Alberto Pérez Rubio Licenciado en Ciencias Empresariales (UAM); Licenciado en Historia (UAM); Máster en Historia y Ciencias de la Antigüedad (UAM y UCM); Editor de Desperta Ferro, revista de Historia militar y política de la Antigüedad y el Medievo [email protected] Resumen: El texto que César dedica a la coalición belga del 57 a. C. en De Bello Gallico, conjuga- do con el resto de testimonios de que disponemos, nos puede ayudar a comprender los procesos de etnogénesis y desarrollo político que se dan en la Gallia Belgica durante la Segunda Edad del Hierro, en los que juega un papel preponderante la guerra. Abstract: Caesar’s text about the Belgae coallition of 57 BC in De Bello Gallico, alongside the rest of data we have at our disposal, can help in the understanding of Gallia Belgica’s ethnogenesis and political development in the Late Iron Age. The role of war in these processes will be paramount. Palabras Clave: Galos, belgas, coaliciones, identidad, formación del estado, Segunda Edad del Hierro Key Words: Gauls, Belgae, coalitions, identity, state formation, Late Iron Age [los belgas] eran los únicos que, en tiempos de nuestros padres, cuando toda la Galia se hallaba sometida al estrago, impidieron que los teutones y los cimbrios entrasen en sus tierras.0 César, De Bello Gallico, II.4 Belgae esas civitates bajo el etnónimo de Belgae, y así para César en su De Bello Gallico (II.4) describe la impo- Wightman (WIGHTMAN, 1985: pp. -
RULES of PLAY by Andrew Ruhnke and Volko Ruhnke
2nd Edition COIN Series, Volume VI RULES OF PLAY by Andrew Ruhnke and Volko Ruhnke TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ................................ 2 6. Winter .................................... 15 2. Sequence of Play ............................ 5 7. Victory .................................... 17 3. Commands ................................. 6 8. Non-Players ................................ 18 4. Special Abilities. 11 Setup & Scenarios .............................. 28 5. Events .................................... 14 Key Terms Index ............................... 35 © 2015, 2018 GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www.GMTGames.com 2 Falling Sky renders that Faction Ineligible to do so on the next card. Winter 1.0 INTRODUCTION cards mixed in trigger periodic victory checks and other activities. Falling Sky is a board game about the latter part of the Roman conquest of Gaul, when numerous tribes rose in revolt. It adapts 1.2 Components GMT Games’ “COIN Series” system about modern insurgencies to A complete set of Second Edition Falling Sky includes: depict the political, military, and economic affairs of ancient Gaul. • A 17" x 22" mounted board (1.3). An Ariovistus expansion to Falling Sky, sold separately, adds the early years of the Gallic War. • A deck of 77 playing cards (5.0). • 200 wooden Forces pieces, cylinders, and pawns (1.4, 1.8, 2.2, In Falling Sky, one to four players each take the roles of one or more 3.1.1). Factions in Gaul: the Roman Republic seeking to secure Julius Cae- • A sheet of markers. sar’s recent conquests; an anti-Roman confederation led by the Celtic Arverni tribe and its young king Vercingetorix; its Celtic rival, the • Five heavy-cardboard Available Forces displays (1.4.1). -
1 Central Gaul. Bituriges Cubi Circa 200-0 BC. Quinarius AR 15 Mm, 1,91 G Stylized Head Left / Horse Prancing Left, Sword Above
1 Central Gaul. Bituriges Cubi circa 200-0 BC. Quinarius AR 15 mm, 1,91 g Stylized head left / Horse prancing left, sword above. very fine Cf. CCCBM II S412 (pentagram below). Starting price: 50 EUR 2 Central Gaul. Bituriges Cubi circa 200-0 BC. Quinarius AR 17 mm, 1,94 g Laureate head left / Horse leaping left, dagger above, CA-MBOTR-E below. very fine Colbert de Beaulieu, “Notules de numismatique,” Ogam VIII (1956), 421–424; BMC Celtic 511–513; De la Tour 4131. Starting price: 50 EUR 3 Central Europe. Treveri circa 100-30 BC. Potin AE 20 mm, 4,29 g Two goats around pellet; pellet-in-annulet above / Boar and wolf around pellet-in-annulet. very fine De la Tour 7465. Starting price: 50 EUR 4 Gaul. Andecavi circa 100-50 BC. Minim BI 10 mm, 0,38 g Celtic head facing / Boar. very fine D&T 2379. Starting price: 50 EUR 5 Gaul. Carnutes circa 100-50 BC. Bronze AE 15 mm, 3,17 g Male head right / Eagle facing, head right, wings spread; pentagram to upper left. nearly very fine D&T 2577. Starting price: 50 EUR 6 Gaul. Leuci circa 100-50 BC. Potin AE 17 mm, 2,97 g Helmeted head left / Stylized bull right; fleur-de-lis above. good very fine De la Tour 9155. Starting price: 50 EUR 7 Gaul. Lingones circa 100-30 BC. Potin AE 20 mm, 5,41 g Three horn-shaped ornaments revolving around pellet / Three s-shaped ornaments revolving around pellet. very fine De la Tour 8329.