Munich Questionnaire 5 8 (MCTQ)

Purpose The instrument was developed in order they compared the Horne-Ostberg Morningness- to assess individuals’ – diurnal pref- Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ; (Chap. 54 ) to erences that manifest in personal -wake the MCTQ. They found that MEQ scores corre- rhythms. Consisting of 19 questions, the scale lated highly with the midpoint of sleep on free examines wake and sleep schedules (on both work days reported on the MCTQ ( r = .70), and that a and free days), energy levels throughout the day, respondent’s sleep schedule on free days is a sleep latency and inertia, and exposure to day- good predictor of that individual’s chronotype. light. Individuals are also asked to subjectively rate themselves as one of seven possible chrono- Obtaining a Copy The questionnaire is avail- types ranging from extreme early (preferring to able online at: http://chrono.biol.rug.nl/mctq-en. rise much earlier than others) to extreme late. This html information is combined to determine the time of day at which the respondent is likely to feel most Direct correspondence to: alert, placing them objectively in a chronotype Dr. M.C.M. Gordijn category. Though potentially a valuable tool for P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA clinical purposes, the instrument has primarily Haren, the Netherlands. been used in research to investigate how chrono- Email: [email protected] type relates to age, sex, and external environment (e.g., exposure to daylight, community). Scoring The scale is scored electronically by the Web site at which it is available. Total Population for Testing The scale has been vali- scores can range from 16 to 86, with the lowest dated in adults of college age and older. values representing extreme-late chronotypes. However, personal scores are not available Administration Requiring between 5 and 10 min through the questionnaire’s Web site, which for completion, developers have created a Web has been constructed for the sole purpose of site where individuals can take the self-report the authors’ research. Rather, individuals com- questionnaire and have their results sent to them pleting questionnaires at the site receive an by email. A second version of the questionnaire email providing statistical comparisons of designed specifi cally for shift workers is also themselves to others in their subjective chrono- available. type. Thus, the Web site itself is of limited clinical or diagnostic utility and arrangements Reliability and Validity Zavada and colleagues must be made with developers in order to make [ 1] conducted a large-scale study in which further use of the instrument.

A. Shahid et al. (eds.), STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales, 245 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_58, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 246 58 Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) Representative Studies Using Scale 247

Reprinted by Permission of SAGE Publications, Roenneberg et al. [ 2] , copyright © 2002 by and Martha Merrow, LMU Müchen.

References Representative Studies Using Scale

1. Zavada, A., Gordijn, M. C., Beersma, D. G., Daan, S., Kantermann, T., Juda, M., Merrow, M., & Roenneberg, T. & Roenneberg, T. (2005). Comparison of the Munich (2007). The human circadian clock’s seasonal adjust- Chronotype Questionnaire with the Horne-Ostberg’s ment is disrupted by daylight saving time. Current Morningness-Eveningness Score. , 17 (22), 1996–2000. International, 22 (2), 267–278. 2. Roenneberg, T, Wirz-Justice, A., Merrow, M. Life between clocks: daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. J Biol Rhythms 2003;18(1):80–90.