July 13, 2021

• There is no vaccine present of this Table of Contents disease. • Science and Technology ...... 1 Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the major cause of AES in India. Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) ...... 1 Polity and Governance ...... 1 Public Accounts Committee (PAC): ...... 1 Art and Culture ...... 2 Temple ...... 2 Dance Form ...... 2 Governmental Initiatives ...... 3 Jal Jeevan Mission ...... 3

______Science and Technology Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) Polity and Governance Why in News? Public Accounts Committee (PAC): The Jal Jeevan Mission has already provided tap Why in News? water supply to more than 97 lakh households in Mukul Roy was made the chief of Public Accounts five AES (Japanese Encephalitis-Acute Committee of West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Encephalitis Syndrome) affected states- Assam, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West About PAC: Bengal. • The PAC is formed every year. It has a About AES: strength of not more than 22 members of which 15 are from Lok Sabha and 7 from • AES is a severe case of encephalitis mostly Rajya Sabha. transmitted by mosquitoes in India. • The term of office of the members of PAC • Vulnerable Population: is one year. o children and o young adults • The Chairman is appointed by the Speaker (Lok Sabha). Since 1967, as a • Causative Agents: Viruses are the main convention, the chairman of the PAC is causative agents in AES cases, although selected from the opposition party. other sources such as bacteria, fungi,

parasites, spirochetes, chemicals, toxins, • Its chief function is to examine the audit and non-infectious agents have also been report of CAG after it is laid in the reported. Parliament. Historical Background:

• PAC is the oldest of all House panels. It twelve or nineteen years using sacred was first set up in 1921 in the after the trees. Montague-Chelmsford Reforms. • Three principal deities in the temple are Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra Limitations of the Public Accounts / Kalinga Architecture: Committee: • This style is broadly under the Nagara • It cannot intervene or deliberate on the style. questions of policy. • In Kalinga Architecture, a temple is made • It can keep deliberate on the expenses in two parts, a tower, and a hall. only after they are incurred. It is vested • The tower is called deul and the hall is with no power to limit expenses. called jagmohan. • It also cannot intervene in matters of day- • The walls of both the deul and the to-day administration. jagmohan are sculpted with architectural • Any recommendation which the PAC motifs. makes is only advisory, not binding on the • Kalinga Style also called as Utkal Style of the executive. Architecture. • It is only an executive body and thus cannot issue an order. Only the Parliament can take a final decision on its findings. Art and Culture Jagannath Temple Why in News? Recently, the Vice President of India greeted the people on the eve of Rath Yatra of Jagannath in Odisha. About Jagannath Temple, Puri: • Constructed by King Anatavarman Odissi Dance Form Chodaganga of the Eastern Ganga Why in News? Dynasty in 12th Century AD. Odissi dance form was in news recently. • Mythology: The temple is called About Odissi: ‘Yamanika ’ where, it is said, the • Odissi dance is one among the eight power of ‘Yama’, the god of death, has classical dances of India. been nullified due to the presence of Lord • Jagannath. It is associated with Odisha and some other parts of eastern India. • It is made in Kalinga style of architecture. • The dance form has its origin in the • The temple was called the “White temples. Pagoda” and is also a part of Char Dham • pilgrimages (others are: Badrinath, The carvings found at the Udayagiri and Dwaraka, Rameswaram). Khandgiri Monasteries denote that Odissi was patronised as early as the 2nd • The chief idol of Jagannatha made of Century BCE. wood is ceremoniously replaced every

• The steps appear like the waves of ocean, Key Programmes to be undertaken: hence symbolises the aspect of water. • Creation of local infrastructure for source • The classical music and dance form of sustainability measures like rainwater Odisha was named Odissi by Odia poet harvesting, groundwater recharge, etc to Kabichandra Kalicharan Pattanayak, be undertaken in convergence with other o He was the centre of the cultural government programmes. revival of Odisha in post- • Prioritizing FHTCs in affected areas, like independence India. villages in drought prone and desert Dance Techniques areas, Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) villages, etc. • Odissi dance form comprises of: • Providing FHTCs to Schools, Anganwadi o The movement of the head, bust centres, Health centres, Gram Panchayat and torso. buildings, wellness centres and o The accompanying gestures and community buildings. expressions. • Use of technological interventions to • The two basic postures of Odissi are: remove contaminants where water o Chowk: a position imitating a quality is an issue. square - a very masculine stance with the weight of the body About Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban): equally balanced. • It was launched by the Budget 2021-22. o Tribhanga: The tribhanga is a • JJM (Urban) is under the Ministry of very feminine stance where the Housing and Urban Affairs. body is deflected at the neck, • It aims to provide universal coverage of torso and the knees. water supply to all households through functional taps in all statutory towns. • It will be a step towards Sustainable Development Goal- 6 i.e., clean water and • Odissi dance theme generally deals sanitation. with love of and . Key Objectives of JJM(Urban): o Securing tap and sewer Odissi dance form also finds mention in the connections. Sanskrit Text – Natya as Audramagdhi. o Rejuvenation of existing water bodies. Governmental Initiatives o Creating a circular water economy. Jal Jeevan Mission • It aims to supply of 55 litres of water per person per day to every rural household through Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC) by 2024. • Under Ministry of Jal . • It is centrally sponsored scheme. • It looks to create a jan andolan for water, to make it everyone’s priority.