Sediment Fluxes and Buffering in the Postglacial Indus Basin
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Identification of Glacial Flood Hazards in Karakoram Range Using Remote Sensing Technique and Risk Analysis
IDENTIFICATION OF GLACIAL FLOOD HAZARDS IN Arshad Ashraf*† , Rakhshan Roohi*, Rozina Naz* KARAKORAM RANGE USING REMOTE SENSING and Naveed Mustafa* TECHNIQUEAND RISK ANALYSIS ABSTRACT importance of this situation has magnified over the past decades due to increase in numbers of glacial Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) are great lakes that are formed at the glacier terminus. Thirty- hazard for the downstream communities in context of five destructive out-burst floods have been recorded changing climatic conditions in the glaciated region of for the Karakoram Range during the past two hundred Pakistan. The remote sensing data of Landsat ETM+ years (Hewitt, 1982). Some of the ice dams may have was utilized for the identification of glacial lakes been the result of glacier surges. There is susceptible to posing GLOF hazard in Karakoram unambiguous evidence of large reservoirs ponded by Range. Overall, 887 glacial lakes are identified in 18 glaciers. Kelly (1988) outlines the historical different river-basins of Karakoram Range, out of development and disappearance of Virjerab lake in which 16 lakes are characterized as potentially Hunza due to glacial motion. There occurred a series dangerous in terms of GLOF. The analysis of of GLOF events in upper Hunza valley, central community’s response to GLOF events of 2008 in the Karakoram Range, within short time periods during central Karakoram Range indicated gaps in 2008 that had a devastating effect on the nearby coordination and capacity of the local communities to communities (Roohi, Ashraf, Mustafa and Mustafa, cope with such natural hazards. A regular monitoring 2008). The people residing at considerable distances of hot spots and potential GLOF lakes along with downstream from the unstable lakes are facing a capacity-building of local communities and institutions serious threat to their lives and property. -
IJB-V3no12-P65-72.Pdf
Int. J. Biosci. 2013 International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 3, No. 12, p. 65-72, 2013 RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Fish diversity of Indus river at Beka Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Ali Muhammad Yousafzai*, Ahsan Khan Zoology Department, Islamia College Peshawar (Public Sector University), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Key words: Fish diversity, Indus River, Beka Swabi, Fish Species. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/3.12.65-72 Article published on December 09, 2013 Abstract The Present study deals with fish diversity of Indus River at Beka Swabi. The main aim of this study is to know whether this area of Indus river is rich in fish fauna or not. Present study was conducted for four months that was from November 2012 to February 2013. In this duration 14 species were reported, in which, 04 species were reported in November, 02 species were reported in December, 02 species were reported in January and 06 species were reported in February. These 14 species belong to 05 orders, 05 families, and 11 genera. Orders were Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Beloniformes, Mastecembeliformes and Channiformes. Families were Cyprinidea, Bagridae, Belonidae, Mestacembelidae and Channidae. Genera were Rasbora, Cyprinus, Labeo, Catla, Tor, Channa, Mystus, Ompok, Xenentedon and Mastacembelus. Species were Rasbora daniconius, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Tor putitora, Channa punctatus, Channa gachua, Mystus vittatus, Mystus bleekeri,Ompok pabda, Xenentedon cancila and Mastacembelus armatus. According to this survey of fish diversity of Indus River at Beka Swabi, the family Cyprinidea was richest family which consists of 07 species, while second richest family was Bagridae which consist of 03 species, third richest family was family Channidae which consist of 02 species and remaining each family consist of single species. -
The Geographic, Geological and Oceanographic Setting of the Indus River
16 The Geographic, Geological and Oceanographic Setting of the Indus River Asif Inam1, Peter D. Clift2, Liviu Giosan3, Ali Rashid Tabrez1, Muhammad Tahir4, Muhammad Moazam Rabbani1 and Muhammad Danish1 1National Institute of Oceanography, ST. 47 Clifton Block 1, Karachi, Pakistan 2School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK 3Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA 4Fugro Geodetic Limited, 28-B, KDA Scheme #1, Karachi 75350, Pakistan 16.1 INTRODUCTION glaciers (Tarar, 1982). The Indus, Jhelum and Chenab Rivers are the major sources of water for the Indus Basin The 3000 km long Indus is one of the world’s larger rivers Irrigation System (IBIS). that has exerted a long lasting fascination on scholars Seasonal and annual river fl ows both are highly variable since Alexander the Great’s expedition in the region in (Ahmad, 1993; Asianics, 2000). Annual peak fl ow occurs 325 BC. The discovery of an early advanced civilization between June and late September, during the southwest in the Indus Valley (Meadows and Meadows, 1999 and monsoon. The high fl ows of the summer monsoon are references therein) further increased this interest in the augmented by snowmelt in the north that also conveys a history of the river. Its source lies in Tibet, close to sacred large volume of sediment from the mountains. Mount Kailas and part of its upper course runs through The 970 000 km2 drainage basin of the Indus ranks the India, but its channel and drainage basin are mostly in twelfth largest in the world. Its 30 000 km2 delta ranks Pakiistan. -
Runoff Scenario and Water Based Adaptation Strategies in South Asia
Final Report ARCP2014-10CMY-Shrestha Runoff Scenario and Water Based Adaptation Strategies in South Asia The following collaborators worked on this project: 1. Dr. Madan Lall Shrestha, Principal Investigator, The Small Earth Nepal (SEN), Nepal and Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Nepal, [email protected], [email protected] 2. Jeeban Panthi, SEN, Nepal, [email protected] 3. Motaleb Hossain Sarker, Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Bangladesh, [email protected] 4. Dr. Zia Ur Rahman Hashmi, Global Change Impact Studies Center (GCISC), Pakistan, [email protected] 5. Dr. P. Suneetha, Andhra University, India, [email protected] 6. Dr. Jefferson Metz Fox, East West Center, USA, [email protected] 7. M. Ahsanul Aziz, Department of Environment (DoE), Bangladesh, [email protected] Copyright © 2014 Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research APN seeks to maximise discoverability and use of its knowledge and information. All publications are made available through its online repository “APN E-Lib” (www.apn-gcr.org/resources/). Unless otherwise indicated, APN publications may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services. Appropriate acknowledgement of APN as the source and copyright holder must be given, while APN’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services must not be implied in any way. For reuse requests: http://www.apn-gcr.org/?p=10807 2 Table of Contents -
Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific
Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific Bangkok, Thailand, November 13-15, 2017 Thematic, Strategic Papers and Country Status Reports Citation: R.K. Tyagi, A. Pandey, A. Agrawal, K.S. Varaprasad, R.S. Paroda, R.K. Khetarpal (2018) Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific – Thematic, Strategic Papers and Country Status Reports. Asia-Pacific Association for Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI), Bangkok, Thailand, November 13-15, 2017, x+349 p. Cover page photo identity: Front cover page: Amaranthus caudatus (chaulai) Back cover page: Carissa carandas (karonda) (Photo credit: Dr K.C. Bhatt, NBPGR, New Delhi, India) Editors: Rishi Kumar Tyagi, Anjula Pandey, Anuradha Agrawal, K.S. Varaprasad, Raj S. Paroda, Ravi K. Khetarpal Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication is provided on an “as is” basis with full responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions with the authors and not on the editors. Some contents of chapters have been sourced by the authors from their prior publications, and APAARI is not liable for any copyright infringement whatsoever. Published by: Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) 2nd and 4th Floor, FAO Annex Building 202/1 Larn Luang Road Pomprab Sattrupai District, Bangkok 10100, Thailand ISBN: 978-616-7101-10-1 Copyright © APAARI For copies, please contact: The Executive Secretary Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) 2nd and 4th Floor, FAO Annex Building 202/1 Larn Luang Road Pomprab Sattrupai District, Bangkok 10100, Thailand Phone: +662-2822918; Fax: +662-2822920 Email: [email protected]; Website: http://www.apaari.org Contents Foreword iii Acknowledgements v The Organizers vii Thematic Papers 1. -
Of Indus River at Darband
RESTRICTED For official use only Not for . UNN42 Vol. 6 Public Disclosure Authorized REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT OF THF, INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AS ADMINISTRATOR OF THE INDUS BASIN DEVELOPMENT FUND STUDY OF THIE WATER AND POWER RESOURCES OF WEST PAKISI AN Public Disclosure Authorized VOLUME III Program for the Development of Surface Water Storage Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by a Group of the World Barnk Staff Headed by Dr. P. Lieftinck July 28, 1967 Public Disclosure Authorized i R0C FPU-F ClJRRENCY EQUIVALENTS 4.76 rupees = U.S. $1.00 1 rupee = U.S. $0. 21 1 millior rupees = U. S. $210, 000 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. I, INTRODUCTION 11..........- II-.. SURFACE. WATER HYDROLOGY. .3 .. .. , 3 Meteorological and GeographicalI Factors, .................... 3 Discharge- Measurement and River. F-lows- ... ....... .. ,44... Sediment-.Movement ..... v...............8....... 8. Floods-.JO,:,. ,10: III.. HISTORICAL. USE OF SURFACE WATER, . 12 Development of- the. System ....... ... 12 IV.. THE IACA APPROACH ..... 17 Method- of Analysis. ........... v.. 17 Surface. Water Re.quirements;. ........ r19. Integration, of.Surface and Groundwater Supplies' .. 22 Storable. Water. 23 Balancng- of Irrigation and Power..-Requi:rements.. 25 Future. River Regime ... .. 27 Accuracy- of Basic. Data . ....................... , ,,.. 27 Vt., IDENTIFICATION OF DAM'SITES AND, COMPARISON OF. PROJECTS' 29: S'cope of-the Studies ... 29. A. The Valley of the Indus,.......... 31 Suitability of the- Valley, for: Reservoir' Storagel 31 A(l.) The Middle Indus-. ...........-.. 31 Tarbela.Projject- . .. 32 Side Valley- ProjS'ectsi Associatedt w-ith Tar.bela ... 36 The Gariala' Site......... 36 The. Dhok Pathan S.te . ... ... 39 The Sanjwal-Akhori S'ites -.- , ... 40- The Attock Site . -
THE CASE of the UPPER INDUS RIVER a Thesis Submitted to The
CONSTRUCTION OF SEDIMENT BUDGETS IN LARGE SCALE DRAINAGE BASINS: THE CASE OF THE UPPER INDUS RIVER A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geography and Planning University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Khawaja Faran Ali © Copyright Khawaja Faran Ali, November 2009. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other uses of materials in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Geography and Planning University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8 Canada i ABSTRACT High rates of soil loss and high sediment loads in rivers necessitate efficient monitoring and quantification methodologies so that effective land management strategies can be designed. -
Illala Streams, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia Abstract
Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v13i1. 4 Quantitative Geomorphological Parameters Analysis for the Aynalem- Illala Streams, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia Fethangest Woldemariyam Tesema1*, Gebrerufael Hailu Kahsay2 and Berihu Abadi Berhe1 1School of Earth Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (*[email protected]). 2Institute of Geo-information and Earth observation Sciences, Mekelle University P.O. Box231, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Abstract Morphometric analysis is the measurement and mathematical analysis of the configuration of the surface, shape, and dimension of landforms. The objective of this study is to characterize the Aynalem and Illala streams using the morphometric parameter. The topographic map at a scale of 1:50,000 taken from the Ethiopian National Mapping Agency was used to characterize the linear and areal aspects. ASTER Digital Elevation Model with 10m resolution was used to characterize the relief aspect. The Arc GIS 10.4.1 was used during the morphometric analysis. The analysis result of the streams is summarized based on the linear, areal, and relief aspects. The area is characterized by a dendritic drainage pattern which is characteristics of massive hard rock terrain. The Aynalem and Illala streams are 4th and 5th order streams. Considering the number of streams in the Aynalem (75.81%) and Illala (74.66%) is composed of first-order streams that indicate a flashy flood and the mean bifurcation value of Aynalem (6.8) and Illala (4.7) shows that the Aynalem area is more structurally affected than Illala but both show less stream integration. The analysis of areal aspects such as elongation ratio, circularity ratio, and form factor has indicated that both streams are characterized as elongated streams, this implies that both streams are flowing in heterogeneous rock material, presences of structural effect, and slow runoff discharge. -
Volume-9, Issue-2, 2019/20 ISSN 2091-2854
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT Volume-9, Issue-2, 2019/20 ISSN 2091-2854 Received: 28 March 2020 Revised: 15 August 2020 Accepted: 17 August 2020 ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS INFLUENCING CRYOSPHERE-FED KUHL IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN THE UPPER INDUS BASIN OF PAKISTAN Arshad Ashraf1 * and Ghani Akbar2 1,2Climate, Energy and Water Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Chakshahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Cryosphere-fed kuhl irrigation system forms a major lifeline for agriculture and livelihood development in the Himalayan region. The system is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts like glacier retreat, glacial lake outburst floods, snow avalanches and landslides especially in the upper Indus Basin (UIB). It is necessary to conduct reassessment of climate change impacts and find coping strategies for sustainable agriculture development in this mountainous region. In the present study, risks of glacier depletion , lakes outburst flood, snow avalanche and landslide hazards impacting cryosphere-fed kuhl irrigation system in 10 river basins of the UIB of Pakistan were analyzed using multi-hazard indexing approach. High risk of glacier depletion was observed in the Astore and Swat river basins likely because of the combined effect of reduced snow precipitation and rising warm temperatures in these basins. The risk of expansion in aggregate lake area was high in the Indus sub-basin, moderate in the five basins (i.e., Hunza, Shigar, Shyok, Shingo and Astore), while it was low in the four basins (i.e., Swat, Chitral, Gilgit and Jhelum). More than 2% areas of Hunza and Shigar basins in the Karakoram range exhibited high risk of snow avalanche and landslide (SAL) hazard, while moderate SAL hazard was found in >40% areas of Chitral, Gilgit, Hunza and Shigar river basins. -
Impacts of the Climate Change
Water cycle and water resources management under possible (ongoing) impacts of the climate change Dr. Bashir Ahmad Water Resources Research Institute Islamabad Pakistann The 2nd GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium 14th – 16th morning April 2008 Major Rivers of Pakistan Observation Network AWS Installations Sub-basins in Upper Indus Percentage Change – Annual Precipitation Percentage Change – Monsoon Precipitation Percentage Change – Winter Precipitation Projected Water Resources under Climate Change • According to IPCC, TAR (Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, p 563), The average annual runoff in the basin of Indus may decrease by up to 27% Brahmaputra by 14% by the year 2050. The Indus contributes 65% of total river flows • Rainfall may increase in monsoon region but decrease in other parts of the country Future Projections for Climate Change in Asia Region • The GCMs project that average annual mean temperature rise in Asia would be about 2-3°C by 2050; • Dry and arid regions may become dryer and wet regions wetter, (Pakistan is predominately dry and arid); • The projected temperature increase will affect cropping patterns, timings and methods, and overall yields; Glaciers of Upper Indus Basins Total 5,218 Area Source: WRRI, NARC (2005) “ Inventory of glaciers” The Glaciers Distribution in Astor River Basin Study Area 19931993 5 4 3 2 20012001 1 5 4 3 2 1 20052005 5 4 3 2 1 Temporal behavior of Glaciers and Glacial lakes during 1964-2005 Trend of Annual Discharge of Astor River Sub-basins in Upper Indus 10 5 a) Hunza river basin C) ˚ 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 Temperature ( -25 -30 Mean annual JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Month cycle of Future temperature Present temperature temperature 20 over simulated b) Gilgit river basin C) 10 ˚ with PRECIS 0 -10 for present -20 Temperature ( -30 (1961-90) and JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC future (2071- Month 2100) day Future temperature Present temperature climate [˚C] 20 15 c) Astore river basin C) ˚ 10 5 (Akthar et al. -
Mesmerizing Manali to Ladakh
Manali 1 Night Mesmerizing Manali to Ladakh Sarchu 1 Night MTL-7A Leh 3 Nights Pangong- Nubra-1 N 7 Nights / 8 Days 1N Over Day Night Remarks Meals Arrive & check in to hotel, A relaxed day exploring Manali market & Beautiful 1 Manali culture. Dinner Manali –Rohtang –Keylong –Jispa –Baralacha –Sarchu (230 Km / 8-10 hrs): The 2 Sarchu highway crosses some of the highest mountain passes in the world and promises to Breakfast be one of the most memorable and scenic experiences of all time. & Dinner Sarchu –Lachulung La –Tanglang La –Leh (244 Km / 6/7 hrs): Proceed to leh via 3 Leh TanglangLa pass. In the Evening Relax or visit to Leh Market, Leh Palace, Shanti Breakfast Stupa & Leh Gompa. & Dinner Leh to Nubra (135 Km / 5 hrs): After breakfast drive to Nubra Valley via Khardong Breakfast 4 Nubra Pass, explore Deskit, Hunder Villages and Camel Safari in Sand Dunes (Own). & Dinner Nubra Valley (Local Sightseeing) and back to Leh (135km / 5 hrs): visit: Diskit & 5 Leh Hunder Villages and monasteries, the life style of people living at the northernmost Breakfast region of India. & Dinner Leh to Pangong Lake via Shey & Thiksey (160 Km / 6 Hrs one way): enroute visit: 6 Pangong Shey, Thiksey Monasteries and Sindhu Ghat and then proceed to Pangong Lake Breakfast (14,500ft), through Chang la Pass 17,350 ft. & Dinner Pangong to Leh via Hemis Monastery (160km / 6 hrs): En route take a short halt at 7 Leh Changla Pass to enjoy a cup of hot steaming tea , later visit Hemis Monastery. Breakfast Afternoon is Spent in Leh Market to Collect Souvenie & Dinner 8 Depart for Leh Airport Breakfast Day 01 : Arrive Manali On Arrival we proceed to Hotel in Manali : Manali, at the northern end of Kuluvalley, is a beautiful Himalayan hill station with an unbeatable location. -
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Status Survey of Endangered Species lang• Statu.s ,Survey of Endan,gered Species Status of Kiang, Equus kian,g Moorcroft, 1841 (Perissodactyla: Equid,ae) in Eastern L,adakh, India J.R.B. Alfred, J.M. Julka*, R.S. Mehta**, R.M. Sharma*, p.e. Tak**, D,.K. Shanna* and R. Paliw,at* Zoological SUf11ey of India, M~Block New A.lipore, Kolkata-700 053 *High Altitude Zoology Field Station, Zooiogi,cal Survey of India, Solan ~ 173211 **Zoological Survey of India, Northern Reg.ional Station, Dehra Dun Zoological Survey of ndia Kolka'ta CITATION Alfred, 1.R.B.; lulka, 1.M.; Mehta, H.S.; Sharma, R.M.; Tak, P.C.; Sharma, D.K. and Paliwal. R. 2006. Status Survey of Endangered species. Status of Kiang, Equus kiang Moorcroft, 1841 (Perissodactyla : Equidae) in Eastern Ladakh, India: 1-23. (Published by the Director, Zoo I. Surv. India, Kolkata) Published : February, 2006 ISBN 81-8171-093-2 © Government of India, 2006 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any from or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable.