DOCSLIB.ORG

National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka Volume 2 Water Quality, Environment and Climate Change PROCEEDINGS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka Volume 2 Water Quality, Environment and Climate Change PROCEEDINGS National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka Volume 2 Water Quality, Environment and Climate Change PROCEEDINGS Alexandra Evans and K. Jinapala, editors IWMI Celebrating years 1985-2010 Irrigation Department of HARTI Department Agriculture Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo June 9-11, 2009 Volume 2. Water Quality, Environment and Climate Change Alexandra Evans and K. Jinapala, editors INTERNATIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE The editors: Alexandra Evans, Researcher/Wastewater and Livelihoods, International Water Management Institute (IWMI); K. Jinapala, Researcher/Institutions Specialist, International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Evans, A.; Jinapala, K. (Eds.). 2010. Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2: Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute. 186p. doi:10.3910/2010.205 / water quality / river basins / wetlands / water resource management / climate change / rain-fed farming / environmental flows / soil management / case studies / irrigation schemes / models / groundwater / aquifers / wastewater irrigation / Sri Lanka / ISBN: 978-92-9090-722-0 Copyright © 2010, by IWMI. All rights reserved. IWMI encourages the use of its material provided that the organization is acknowledged and kept informed in all such instances. Cover photo by Mr. Sandaruwan Wickrama, Web Services Officer, International Water Management Institute. The views expressed in this publication are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), or the editors of this publication. Furthermore, IWMI makes no representation concerning, and does not guarantee the source, originality, accuracy, completeness or reliability of any statement, information, data, finding, interpretation or view expressed in this publication. Please direct inquires and comments to: [email protected] ii Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. v An Overview: Water Quality, Environment and Climate Change Alexandra Evans ........................................................................................................................vii Paper 1. How to Minimize the Negative Impacts on Bundala National Park due to Irrigation Development of the Kirindi Oya River Basin ............................................................................. 1 W. D. S. Abeywickrama Paper 2. Wetlands and Agriculture – A Case for Integrated Water Resource Management in Sri Lanka .................................................................................................................................... 7 Sithara S. Atapattu, Sanjiv De Silva and Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu Paper 3. Environmental Flow Assessment: Recent Examples from Sri Lanka .................................... 23 P. Dissanayake, N. Weragala and V. Smakhtin Paper 4. Non-user Benefits Emanating from Enhanced Water Flow to the Yala Protected Area Complex ............................................................................................................................. 37 Parakrama Weligamage, Walter R. Butcher, Keith A. Blatner, C. Richard Shumway and Mark Giordano Paper 5. The Impact of Inappropriate Soil Management on River Water Quality: A Case Study in the Kurundu Oya Sub-catchment of the Upper Mahaweli Catchment, Sri Lanka ......................... 49 M. G. T. S. Amarasekara, R. M. K. Kumarihamy, N. D. K. Dayawansa and R. P. De Silva Paper 6. Availability and Spatial Variability of Plant Nutrients in Paddy Fields of Wilgoda Irrigation Scheme in Kurunegala................................................................................................................ 61 D. N. Sirisena, W. M. U. K. Rathnayake and W. M. J. Bandara Paper 7. Assessment of Risks to Water Bodies due to Residues of Agricultural Fungicide in Intensive Farming Areas in the Up-country of Sri Lanka using an Indicator Model ...............69 Ransilu C. Watawala, Janitha A. Liyanage and Ananda Mallawatantri Paper 8. Preliminary Groundwater Assessment and Water Quality Study in the Shallow Aquifer System in the Attanagalu Oya Basin ......................................................................................... 77 R. S. Wijesekara and C. Kudahetty Paper 9. Household Water Security through Stored Rainwater and Consumer Acceptability: A Case Study of the Anuradhapura District ........................................................................................... 87 M. A. C. S. Bandara, Ranjith Premalal De Silva and N. D. K. Dayawansa Paper 10. Observed and Projected Climatic Changes, Their Impacts and Adaptation Options for Sri Lanka: A Review .................................................................................................................. 99 Nishadi Eriyagama and Vladimir Smakhtin iii Paper 11. Identifying the Impact of Tidal Level Variation on River Basin Flooding .........................119 M. D. E. K. Gunathilaka, W. A. L. Wikramanayake and D. N. D. Perera Paper 12. Rainfall Fluctuation and Changing Patterns of Agriculture Practices ................................ 127 Sulakshika Senalankadhikara and L.Manawadu Paper 13. Climate Change and Rain-fed Agriculture in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka ......................... 141 C. R. Panabokke and B. V. R. Punyawardena Paper 14. Climate Change, Local Institutions and Adaptation Experience: The Village Tank Farming Community in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka ..............................................................................147 Athula Senaratne and Kanchana Wickramasinghe Paper 15. Potential to Increase the Area under Paddy Cultivation with Domestic and Municipal Wastewater Irrigation in Kurunegala District ..........................................................................157 U. S. C. Udagedara and M. M. M. Najim List of Attendees .................................................................................................................................. 167 iv Acknowledgements The editors (hereinafter referred to as ‘we’) greatly appreciate the whole-hearted agreement between the Irrigation Department (ID), Department of Agriculture (DoA) and Hector Kobbakaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI) to become partners of this conference. We would like to thank the Director General of the Irrigation Department, Mr. H. P. S. Somasiri, the Director General of the Department of Agriculture, Dr. C. Kudagamage, and the Director of HARTI, Mr. V. K. Nanayakkara for being so supportive of the event and encouraging their staff to present papers at the conference. In addition, we acknowledge the support extended by Dr. G. G. A Godaliyadda and H. M. Jayathilaka from ID, Mr. M. M. M. Aheeyar from HARTI and Dr. Kamal Karunagoda from DoA by agreeing to become members of the conference organizing committee that was established by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Their valuable contributions were of much benefit in making the conference successful and productive. Mr. B. R. Ariyaratne and Ms. Janitha Godamuduna, from IWMI, also acted as members of the conference organizing committee and provided considerable support in the organization of this national conference. Funds for the conference were provided by USAID, UNDP/National Disaster Management Centre and Netafim Ltd of Israel. Their generous contributions to this event are much appreciated by us and we extend our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our thanks to all the researchers who presented papers at the conference, and for preparing reports for this volume of the conference proceedings, without whom this event would not have been possible. There were many participants from various national and international organizations whose attendance and valuable contributions to the workshop sessions made this event both productive and interesting. Professor M. S. Swaminathan from India delivered the key-note speech and the Hon. Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Rathnasiri Wickremanayaka attended as the chief guest. Both provided us with some very enlightening information and interesting observations, and we are extremely grateful to them for sharing their opinions with us and enriching the conference. Dr. Colin Chartres, Director General of International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Dr. Madar Samad, Regional Director (IWMI - South Asia) and Dr. Vladimir Smakhtin (Theme Leader-Water Availability and Access-IWMI) provided the encouragement and guidance to organize this nationally important conference. We must say that without their support this conference would not have been the successful event it was. Finally, our thanks go out to Ms. Pavithra Amunugama, Mr. Joseph Perera, Mr. Nimal Attanayake and Mr. Sumith Fernando for managing the editorial and production process of the proceedings. The authors would like to acknowledge the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Irrigation Department (ID), Department of Agriculture (DoA) and the Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI) for their collaboration in conducting the workshop ‘National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka’. v Partners
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHAPTER 4 Perspective of the Colombo Metropolitan Area 4.1 Identification of the Colombo Metropolitan Area
    Urban Transport System Development Project for Colombo Metropolitan Region and Suburbs CoMTrans UrbanTransport Master Plan Final Report CHAPTER 4 Perspective of the Colombo Metropolitan Area 4.1 Identification of the Colombo Metropolitan Area 4.1.1 Definition The Western Province is the most developed province in Sri Lanka and is where the administrative functions and economic activities are concentrated. At the same time, forestry and agricultural lands still remain, mainly in the eastern and south-eastern parts of the province. And also, there are some local urban centres which are less dependent on Colombo. These areas have less relation with the centre of Colombo. The Colombo Metropolitan Area is defined in order to analyse and assess future transport demands and formulate a master plan. For this purpose, Colombo Metropolitan Area is defined by: A) areas that are already urbanised and those to be urbanised by 2035, and B) areas that are dependent on Colombo. In an urbanised area, urban activities, which are mainly commercial and business activities, are active and it is assumed that demand for transport is high. People living in areas dependent on Colombo area assumed to travel to Colombo by some transport measures. 4.1.2 Factors to Consider for Future Urban Structures In order to identify the CMA, the following factors are considered. These factors will also define the urban structure, which is described in Section 4.3. An effective transport network will be proposed based on the urban structure as well as the traffic demand. At the same time, the new transport network proposed will affect the urban structure and lead to urban development.
    [Show full text]
  • Cover & Back of SLWC Volume 2
    Assessment of Risks to Water Bodies due to Residues of Agricultural Fungicide in Intensive Farming Areas in the Up-country of Sri Lanka using an Indicator Model Ransilu C. Watawala1, Janitha A. Liyanage1 and Ananda Mallawatantri2 1Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka 2United Nations Development Programme, Colombo, Sri Lanka Introduction Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals poses a major environmental threat to surface and groundwater. Intensive vegetable cultivation on the steep slopes of up-country hills requires extremely high levels of pesticides (insecticides and fungicides) and fertilizers to maintain high yields and profitability. Farmers do not necessarily follow the doses and frequencies recommended in the instructions but apply higher doses more frequently, as they believe that this will increase yields. The implications of these decisions are not considered by farmers due to the lack of information and understanding of the environmental pathways of chemicals after application. In addition, the methods available to account for the variability of soils, climate and other factors influencing the risk of pesticide use are complex. Potato cultivation in Nuwara Eliya, Bandarawela and Welimada Sri Lanka is a good example of the effects of excessive pesticide use. In these areas precipitation exceeds 1,830mm per annum and crops are affected by a number of diseases and insect attacks, such as late blight caused by Phytopthora infestance. The prevailing misty conditions also promote fungal growth requiring famers to use contact and systemic fungicides for prevention. Lack of understanding of pesticide pathways and the desire to ensure that the disease is under control often lead to overdoses and higher frequency application of pesticides.
    [Show full text]
  • Membership Register MBR0009
    LIONS CLUBS INTERNATIONAL CLUB MEMBERSHIP REGISTER SUMMARY THE CLUBS AND MEMBERSHIP FIGURES REFLECT CHANGES AS OF JUNE 2020 CLUB CLUB LAST MMR FCL YR MEMBERSHI P CHANGES TOTAL DIST IDENT NBR CLUB NAME COUNTRY STATUS RPT DATE OB NEW RENST TRANS DROPS NETCG MEMBERS 3856 025584 BORELLA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 03-2020 26 1 0 0 -4 -3 23 3856 025597 KANDANA JAELA L C REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 49 1 0 0 -5 -4 45 3856 025600 KURUNEGALA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 05-2020 50 3 1 0 -2 2 52 3856 029171 ANURADHAPURA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 30 1 1 0 -6 -4 26 3856 030993 KELANIYA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 67 6 0 0 -11 -5 62 3856 032143 RAGAMA WELISARA L C REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 05-2020 25 3 0 0 0 3 28 3856 032755 GRANDPASS REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 34 0 0 0 -7 -7 27 3856 032834 KELANI VALLEY REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 25 0 0 0 -6 -6 19 3856 034781 BIYAGAMA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 44 0 0 0 -1 -1 43 3856 040381 COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 21 1 0 0 0 1 22 3856 041218 COLOMBO CITY REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 32 4 0 0 -1 3 35 3856 045198 AVISSAWELLA SEETHAWAKE REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 17 0 0 0 -2 -2 15 3856 045308 COLOMBO ORIENT REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 05-2020 20 0 0 0 0 0 20 3856 046089 COLOMBO KHETTARAMA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 11 0 0 0 -2 -2 9 3856 046090 GAMPAHA METRO REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 44 0 1 0 -5 -4 40 3856 046091 KULIYAPITIYA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 34 1 0 0 -2 -1 33 3856 046196 KADAWATHA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020
    [Show full text]
  • Sri Lanka Environment Outlook 2009
    SLEO SRI LANKA ENVIRONMENT OUT LOOK 2 0 0 9 Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources United Nations Environment Programme SLEO SLEO Published by Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources - Sri Lanka (MENR – SL) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Copyright @ 2009, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources- Sri Lanka (MENR – SL) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) ISBN : 978-955-0033-10-2 Barcode : 9 789550033102 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Program. DISCLAIMER The contents of this volume do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP contributory organizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Cover designed by Charuka Kumarapeli Distributed by United Nations Environment Program Regional Resources Centre for Asia and the Pacific (UNEP-RRC.AP) Outreach Building, Asian Institute of Technology P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Coordinated by MENR Staff UNEP Staff 1. S. A. G. L. Subasinghe,EMO 1.
    [Show full text]
  • ABBN-Final.Pdf
    RESTRICTED CONTENTS SERIAL 1 Page 1. Introduction 1 - 4 2. Sri Lanka Army a. Commands 5 b. Branches and Advisors 5 c. Directorates 6 - 7 d. Divisions 7 e. Brigades 7 f. Training Centres 7 - 8 g. Regiments 8 - 9 h. Static Units and Establishments 9 - 10 i. Appointments 10 - 15 j. Rank Structure - Officers 15 - 16 k. Rank Structure - Other Ranks 16 l. Courses (Local and Foreign) All Arms 16 - 18 m. Course (Local and Foreign) Specified to Arms 18 - 21 SERIAL 2 3. Reference Points a. Provinces 22 b. Districts 22 c. Important Townships 23 - 25 SERIAL 3 4. General Abbreviations 26 - 70 SERIAL 4 5. Sri Lanka Navy a. Commands 71 i RESTRICTED RESTRICTED b. Classes of Ships/ Craft (Units) 71 - 72 c. Training Centres/ Establishments and Bases 72 d. Branches (Officers) 72 e. Branches (Sailors) 73 f. Branch Identification Prefix 73 - 74 g. Rank Structure - Officers 74 h. Rank Structure - Other Ranks 74 SERIAL 5 6. Sri Lanka Air Force a. Commands 75 b. Directorates 75 c. Branches 75 - 76 d. Air Force Bases 76 e. Air Force Stations 76 f. Technical Support Formation Commands 76 g. Logistical and Administrative Support Formation Commands 77 h. Training Formation Commands 77 i. Rank Structure Officers 77 j. Rank Structure Other Ranks 78 SERIAL 6 7. Joint Services a. Commands 79 b. Training 79 ii RESTRICTED RESTRICTED INTRODUCTION USE OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND INITIALISMS 1. The word abbreviations originated from Latin word “brevis” which means “short”. Abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms are a shortened form of group of letters taken from a word or phrase which helps to reduce time and space.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Water Quality in Major Streams of the Madu Ganga Catchment and Pollution Loads Draining Into the Madu Ganga from Its Own Catchment
    An assessment of the water quality in major streams of the Madu Ganga catchment and pollution loads draining into the Madu Ganga from its own catchment A.A.D. Amarathunga* and N. Sureshkumar National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. Abstract The Madu Ganga Lagoon is located in the Southern Coast, Northwest of the city of Galle within the Galle District. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pollution status of the lagoon and the contribution of the land base pollutants from the catchment of the Madu Ganga. Selected water quality parameters were measured at monthly intervals at twelve sampling locations in the catchment. Certain parameters such as salinity (2.2 + 1.7 ppt), oil & grease (8.5 + 6.5 mg/L), total suspended solids (16.1 ± 12.3 mg/L), and turbidity (20.1 ± 12.5 NTU) are found to be elevated levels when compared with water quality standards. The study revealed that the Lenagala Ela brought a high nutrient load (426.7 kg/day) into Madu Ganga and Arawavilla Ela, Magala Ela and Bogaha Ela also contributed significantly. The highest nutrient loads were found with the onset of the Northeast Monsoon during November to January. The increase in nutrient loads is attributed to the fertilizers added to the soil with the commencement of the major paddy cultivation season. Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, Madu Ganga, Water pollution, Nutrient load, Suspended sediment ^Corresponding author - Email: deeptha(s>nara.ac.lk, [email protected] Journal of the National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Progress Report
    Annual Progress Report Project Number: SRI 51107 -002 ADB Loan and Grant Numbers – SRI - 3727 and SRI – 0618 APDRF Grant Number – 0702 SRI Year –2020 Sri Lanka: Health System Enhancement Project (HSEP) Prepared by HSEP (Health System Enhancement Project) Project Management Unit for the Ministry of Health Colombo, Sri Lanka. GOVERNMENT OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF HEALTH ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT Year - 2020 20th January 2021 HEALTH SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT PROJECT ADB Loan and Grant Numbers – SRI - 3727 and SRI - 0618 APDRF Grant Number – 0702 SRI Project Management Unit 3/19, Kynsey Road, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka 2 Health System Enhancement Project Annual Progress Report –2020 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AGD Auditor General’s Department APFS Audited project financial statements BCCM Behavior change communication and community mobilization CBSL Central Bank of Sri Lanka DMF Design and monitoring framework DDG-ET &R Deputy Director General Education, Training and Research’ DDGMS Deputy Director General Medical Services EMP Environment management plan ERD Department of External Resources ESP Essential service package FHB Family Health Bureau FHC Field health center GAP Gender action plan GBV Gender-based violence GOSL Government of Sri Lanka HCWM Healthcare waste management HIT Health information technology HPB Health Promotion Bureau HRH Human resources for health HSEP Health System Enhancement Project IHR International Health Regulations MIS Management information system MOH Medical officer of health MOHNIM Ministry of Health, Nutrition and
    [Show full text]
  • The Government of the Democratic
    THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 2019 DEPARTMENT OF STATE ACCOUNTS GENERAL TREASURY COLOMBO-01 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1. Note to Readers 1 2. Statement of Responsibility 2 3. Statement of Financial Performance for the Year ended 31st December 2019 3 4. Statement of Financial Position as at 31st December 2019 4 5. Statement of Cash Flow for the Year ended 31st December 2019 5 6. Statement of Changes in Net Assets / Equity for the Year ended 31st December 2019 6 7. Current Year Actual vs Budget 7 8. Significant Accounting Policies 8-12 9. Time of Recording and Measurement for Presenting the Financial Statements of Republic 13-14 Notes 10. Note 1-10 - Notes to the Financial Statements 15-19 11. Note 11 - Foreign Borrowings 20-26 12. Note 12 - Foreign Grants 27-28 13. Note 13 - Domestic Non-Bank Borrowings 29 14. Note 14 - Domestic Debt Repayment 29 15. Note 15 - Recoveries from On-Lending 29 16. Note 16 - Statement of Non-Financial Assets 30-37 17. Note 17 - Advances to Public Officers 38 18. Note 18 - Advances to Government Departments 38 19. Note 19 - Membership Fees Paid 38 20. Note 20 - On-Lending 39-40 21. Note 21 (Note 21.1-21.5) - Capital Contribution/Shareholding in the Commercial Public Corporations/State Owned Companies/Plantation Companies/ Development Bank (8568/8548) 41-46 22. Note 22 - Rent and Work Advance Account 47-51 23. Note 23 - Consolidated Fund 52 24. Note 24 - Foreign Loan Revolving Funds 52 25.
    [Show full text]
  • "A" of the Forest Conservation Ordinance (Chapter 451) As Amended by Acts No
    CrICIPIS/Q7 ; csdc....+ 3 cora] taSimisf'Elz-zcjSj dsf3Scs...1 trE5 Zcsoce, occ,C) um....+ 201101.07 3A PAIII I Si t - GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA - 07 01 2013 CORES' . CONSERNATION ORDINANCE ME order under Section 3 "A" of the Forest Conservation Ordinance (Chapter 451) as amended by Acts No. 13 of 1966, No. 56 of 1979, No. 13 of 1982, No. 84 of 1988, No. 23 of 1995 and No. 65 of 2009. The Order By virtue of powers vested in me by Section 3 "A" of the Forest Conservation Ordinance (Chapter 451)as amended by Acts No. 13 of 1966, No. 56 of 1979, No. 13 of 1982. No. 84 of 1988, No. 23 of 1995 and No. 65 of 2009, I. Anura Priyadarshana Yapa, Minister of Environment, do, by this order declare the Oh iya Forest of 1242.272 Hectares bounded by the limit set forth in the Schedules hereto as Ohiya Conservation Forest from 31st day of December, 2012. ANLRA PRIYADARSHANA YAPA. Minister of Environment Ministry of Enviromnent. Battaramulla, 18th December, 2012. SCHEDULE 01 he Forest area comprising Bulawanakappala. Ohiyakelaya.Henebedda.Galkudawa. Dikrodael la. Aliyawetunuella. Horamankadullepatana. Wadakahawewepatana. Diyawetenaellepatana. Welamedilla. Kirindepatana. Rahangalapatana. Gal bokkepatana. Kuttiyagollepatana Helatennedeniya. Padurughapatana. Sapugastenna. Flimbatuweldowapatana. Ohiyakanda. Amunukandepatana. Flamweriyepatana. Diyalumepatana. Kiibandiyeulpothepatana. Amunukelepatana. Kudaulpotepatana. Amunukele. Rahangalakele. Kudaulpotha. Pathulakele. Kudaulpothekele. Watagodemukalana. Dewalayagalapatana. Dewalayegala. Galbeddepatana. Galketiyepatana. Dewalatennepatana. Yodungalepatana. Medapatana. Giriganallepatana. lhambalagalamukalana. lhambalagalapatana.Nayakelemukalana.Nayakelepatana. Kirigalpottemukalana. Kodigahahenekele.Lunumediyepatana. lhambagalgepatana. Flamalarampatana. Flamalarambenokalana.Lunumedillekelaya. Flamalarambekelaya. Udubalitenna called or known as lot number 1127. 1128. 1131.1132.1134.1135. 1137. 1138. 1140. 1141. 1142.1143.1144.1146.1148.
    [Show full text]
  • Sri Pada': TRENDS in POPULAR BUDDHISM in SRI LANKA
    GOD OF COMPASSION AND THE DIVINE PROTECTOR OF 'sRi pADA': TRENDS IN POPULAR BUDDHISM IN SRI LANKA Introduction Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka has always coexisted with various forms of other religious practices oriented to deities, planets, astrology and demons (yakku), and some of these often figure in the Hindu tradition as well. However, the Buddhist doctrine in its canonical form stands apart from the culturally- specific forms of popular religious practices. Beliefs in gods and other supernatural powers and rituals are, in theory, inappropriate to be considered as part of Buddhism. But many anthropologists and sociologists who have spent extended periods of time in Theravada Buddhist societies have shown that Buddhists do believe in various types of supernatural powers and the magical efficacy of rituals which are outside the Buddhist doctrine. According to Obeyesekere (1962) astrology, gods and demon belief in 'Sinhala Buddhism' are guided by basic Buddhist principles such as karma, rebirth, suffering etc. So in that sense the practice of deity worship cannot be described as totally un- Buddhistic, yet at the same time it does not fall into the category of folk religious practices like bali and tovil adopted by popular Buddhism (see De Silva 2000, 2006). In Sri Lanka. there are four deities regarded as the guardians of the Buddha-sasana in the island: Vishnu, Saman, Kataragama, Natha and Pattini. Although Vishnu and Kataragama (Skanda) are originally Hindu gods, the Buddhists have taken them over as Buddhist deities, referring to them also by the localized designation, Uppalavanna and Kataragama. The role of Kataragama, Vi1inI1UNatha, and Pattini worship in the contemporary Sri Lankan society has been well researched by several scholars (e.g., Obeyesekere 1984; Holt 1991,2005; Gunasekara 2007) but the position of god Saman in the similar context has not been adequately investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Sovereignty Vs. Trans-Boundary Environmental Harm: the Evolving International Law Obligations and the Sethusamuduram Ship Channel Project
    Sovereignty vs. trans-boundary environmental harm: The evolving International law obligations and the Sethusamuduram Ship Channel Project Chinthaka Mendis - United Nations / Nippon Foundation Fellow 2006 1 Acknowledgements The present paper address a topic, which has recently experienced an explosion of new developments and gained enormous importance to small developing nations like Sri Lanka. It has enabled States that may be affected by environmentally degrading activities of other States to take safeguard actions in a successful manner. Furthermore this evolving new law of international responsibility attempts to strike a careful balance between international environmental protection and the principle of territorial sovereignty. This is a very interesting and thought provoking area of research and to my humble delight my supervisors Professor Betsy Baker of Harvard Law School and Dr. Francois Bailet of UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea responded with great enthusiasm. I sincerely say that I am deeply indebted to both of them for their valuable review of my work and the great support extended to me in performing my task. In fact my interesting tenure at the Harvard Law School and DOALOS, as a United Nations/Nippon Fellow allowed me to refine my knowledge of international law and become better acquainted with this evolving international system. Thus, the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations and the Nippon Foundation of Japan richly deserve my most appreciative thanks for their cooperation in the establishment of this rewarding fellowship programme. Chinthaka Mendis 2 Disclaimer The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government of Sri Lanka, the United Nations, the Nippon Foundation of Japan and Harvard Law School.
    [Show full text]
  • An Economic Analysis of Intersectoral Water Allocation In
    AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERSECTORAL WATER ALLOCATION IN SOUTHEASTERN SRI LANKA BY SARATH PARAKRAMA WELIGAMAGE A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY School of Earth and Environmental Sciences AUGUST 2011 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of SARATH PARAKRAMA WELIGAMAGE find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. ___________________________________ Keith A. Blatner, Ph.D., Chair ___________________________________ C. Richard Shumway, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Jill J. McCluskey, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT Earning a PhD from WSU fulfills a long held aspiration in my life to earn a doctorate from a US university. I thank all those who have contributed to my achieving this goal at Washington State University. Frank Rijsberman, Director General (2001-2007) of the International Water Management Institute (IWWI), was the key person behind meeting my aspiration to earn a PhD. His vision and passion for capacity building of scientific manpower in the South led to the initiation of the IWMI’s program for capacity building that supported my dissertation research. Frank also authorized the initial support for my PhD program. I thank Frank’s successor Colin Chartres, and David Molden, Interim Director General for continued support to me. At WSU, my major professor Keith Blatner was the key person behind fulfilling my goals. In addition to his unmatched knowledge spanning across many disciplines, Keith was a constant source of support and I also appreciate his compassion and empathy. I thank Richard Shumway for helping me fulfill my academic aspirations at a very high level.
    [Show full text]