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(Conomurex Luhuanus) DI PERAIRAN WAWOSUNGGU KECAMATAN MORAMO KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

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(Conomurex Luhuanus) DI PERAIRAN WAWOSUNGGU KECAMATAN MORAMO KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan, 5(3): 168 - 178, e-ISSN 2503 4286 KEPADATAN DAN DISTRIBUSI UKURAN GASTROPODA (Conomurex luhuanus) DI PERAIRAN WAWOSUNGGU KECAMATAN MORAMO KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN [Density and Size Distribution of Gastropods (Conomurex luhuanus) in Wawosunggu Waters, Moramo District, South Konawe] Waode Bunga Sarah1, Bahtiar2 dan Muhammad Fajar Purnama3 1Mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Halu Oleo Jl. HAE Mokodompit Kampus Bumi Tridharma Anduonohu Kendari 93232 2Surel: [email protected] 3Surel: [email protected] Diterima: 30 Juli 2020, Disetujui: 31 Agustus 2020 Abstrak Perairan Wawosunggu memiliki sumberdaya perikanan yang sangat beragam. Salah satu komoditas hasil laut ditemukan gastropoda jenis Conomurex luhuanus atau masyarakat setempat menyebutnya dengan siput raci. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepadatan dan distribusi ukuran gastropoda C. luhuanus di Perairan Wawosunggu. Pengambilan sampel organisme dilakukan sekali sebulan selama 3 bulan dari bulan Maret sampai Mei 2019, denggan menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak 15 kali ulangan dalam setiap stasiun penelitian. Total sampel yang diperoleh selama penelitian sebanyak 290 individu. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kepadatan C. luhuanus berkisar 0.015 ind/m2-0,032 ind/m2. Berdasarkan hasil uji Mann- Whitney kepadatan C.luhuanuspada setiap bulannya tidak memiliki perbedaan. Hasil analisis distribusi ukuran C.luhuanus yang ditemukan menunjukan nilai pada kisaran 4,31-6.28 cm. Indeks distribusi menunjukan C. luhuanus mempunyai penyebaran seragam. Hasil pengukuran parameter lingkungan perairan Wawosunggu masih menunjukan kisaran normal yang menunjang kehidupan C.luhuanus. Kata Kunci : Kepadatan, distribusi ukuran, C. luhuanus. Abstract Wawosunggu waters have very diverse fisheries resources. One of the marine commodities found in the gastropod type is Conomurex luhuanus or the local people call it the siput raci. This study aims to determine the density and size distribution of C. luhuanus gastropods in Wawosunggu Waters. Sampling of organisms is done once a month for 3 months from March to May 2019, using the purposive random sampling method. Sampling was conducted 15 times in each research station. Total samples obtained during the study were 290 individuals. Based on the analysis results of C. luhuanus density ranging from 0.015 ind/m2 to 0.032 ind/m2. Based on the results of the Mann-Whitney test, C. luhuanus density in each month has no difference. The results of the analysis of C. luhuanus size distribution were found to show values in the range of 4.31-6.28 cm. The distribution index shows C. luhuanus has a uniform distribution. The measurement results of Wawosunggu waters environmental parameters still show the normal range that supports C. luhuanus life. Keywords: Density, size distribution, C. luhuanus. Pendahuluan masyarakat setempat menyebutnya Gastropoda memiliki peran dengan siput raci penting dalam studi ekologi dan sering C. luhuanus adalah salah satu digunakan sebagai indikator untuk menilai spesies gastropoda laut yang dimanfaatkan perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan oleh masyarakat Wawosunggu sebagai perairan (Sianu, 2014). Perairan sumber protein hewani selain ikan, dan Wawosunggu memiliki sumberdaya sebagian dipasarkan disekitar pulau, perikanan yang sangat beragam. Salah karena besarnya kebutuhan sumberdaya satu komoditas hasil laut gastropoda C. luhuanus oleh masyarakat Desa jenis Conomurex luhuanus atau Wawosunggu, maka dapat mengakibatkan 168 Bunga dkk., tingginya frekuensi penagkapan. perairan Pulau Wawosunggu secara Kebutuhan ekonomi yang besar terhadap keseluruhan berdasarkan titik keberadaan sumberdaya ini membuat masyarakat C. luhuanus. Stasiun penelitian ditetapkan melakukan penangkapan secara terus sebanyak 3 stasiun, yang masing-masing menerus tanpa mempertimbangkan aspek stasiun dibagi menjadi 15 sub stasiun dan kelestarian komoditas C. luhuanus. diambil secara acak selama 3 bulan Apabila kegiatan itu terus terjadi maka penelitian. dikhawatirkan akan berakibat buruk bagi Titik koordinat dan karakteristik keberadaan populasinya di alam. Secara ekologi setiap stasiun serta peta lokasi alamiah fenomena tersebut dapat penelitian. mengakibatkan terjadinya over exploited. Stasiun (040 128’8,15’’ LS 1220 725’89, Informasi mengenai kajian 1 8’’BT) merupakan daerah yang C. luhuanus belum pernah dilakukan masih dipengaruhi oleh dengan kata lain bahwa penelitian atau aktivitas masyarakat stempat. riset tentang organisme ini sama sekali Stasiun (040126’ 4,67’’LS – 1220 722’ belum dilakukan di Pulau Wawosunggu. 2 80,3’’ BT) merupakan daerah Demikian halnya di Indonesia, kajian yang masih dipengaruhi penelitian tentang sumberdaya ini masih ekosistem mangrove. jarang dilakukan. Penelitian mengenai Stasiun (040123’ 136’’ LS – 1220 724’ organisme ini baru dilakukan di Maluku 3 8,91’’ BT) merupakan daerah Tengah tentang kemelimpahan dan terumbu karang. distribusi ukuran Strombus luhuanus di perairan pantai berbatu Negeri Oma (Uneputty dkk., 2018) dan variasi morfometrik dan hubungan panjang berat Strombus luhuanus di Negeri Oma Pulau Haruku (Haumahu dkk., 2014). Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu adanya informasi mengenai C. luhuanus di Sulawesi Tenggara khususnya Perairan Wawosunggu yang disebabkan terbatasnya kajian yang berkaitan dengan jenis ini. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penting untuk dilakukan penelitian mengenai kepadatan dan distribusi ukuran Gambar 1. Peta lokasi penelitian gastropoda C. luhuanus. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan Bahan dan Metode sekali sebulan selama tiga bulan masa Penelitian inidilaksanakan pada penelitian pada setiap stasiun. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan transek bulan Maret sampai Mei 2019, bertempat 2 di Perairan Wawosunggu Kecamatan kuadrat yang berukuran 10x10 m yang Moramo Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. ditempatkan secara acak pada setiap Analisis tekstur substrat dan bahan stasiun pengambilan sampel. Selanjutnya organikdilakukandi Laboratorium mengambil sampel organisme secara Pengujian Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu manual didalam transek tersebut dengan Kelautan Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari. alat bantu sarung tangan (gloves), Penentuan titik stasiun penelitian kemudian dikumpulkan dan dihitung didasarkan pada pertimbangan bahwa jumlah individu dari setiap stasiun yang lokasi yang dipilih dapat mewakili 169 Kepadatan dan Distribusi Ukuran GastropodaBunga (Conomurex dkk., luhuanus) di Perairan Wawosunggu ditemukan dalam tiga kali pengamatan Keterangan : dan diukur panjang dan lebarnya. D= kepadatan (ind/m2) Pengambilan sedimen dilakukan N= jumlah individu dengan menggunakan pipa paralon yang A = luas daerah pengamatan (m2) ditancapkan kedalam sedimen pada setiap Pola distribusi digunakan untuk stasiun pengamatan. Kemudian dimasukan mengetahui pola penyebaran organisme kedalam kantong plastik yang telah diberi dalam suatu kawasan tertentu. Pola label. Selanjutnya substrat yang didapat distribusi organisme C. luhuanus dikeringkan. Setelah sampel sedimen dianalisis dengan menggunakan indeks kering kemudian ditimbang sebanyak 100 Morisita (Soegianto, 1994), yaitu : g menggunakan timbangan digital. Untuk mengetahui fraksi sedimen di lokasi penelitian, dilakukan analisis fraksi Keterangan : sedimen dengan menggunakan metode Id= indeks distribusi penyaringan bertingkat selama 10 menit. N = jumlah total individu (ekor) Butiran yang telah tersaring pada mata N = jumlah pengulangan (unit contoh) saringan diambil kembali dan ditimbang ∑x2 = jumlah individu disetiap beratnya untuk mengetahui presentasi pengulangan ukurannya. Dengan kriteria pengujian : Pengukuran bahan organik dengan Id=1 pola distribusi bersifat acak menimbang 0,5 g contoh substrat ukuran Id<1 pola distribusi bersifat seragam < 0,5 mm, kemudian dimasukan kedalam Id>1 pola distribusi bersifat mengelompok labu ukur 100 ml. Selanjutnya Untuk menguji apakah penyebaran menambahkan 5 ml kalium dikromat 1 ml, tersebut acak maka, dilakukan uji Chi- lalu dikocok. Menambahkan 7,5 ml asam kuadrat (X2) pada selang kepercayaan 95 sulfatpekat, dikocok lalu didiamkan % (α = 0,05) dengan formula : selama 30 menit.Mengencerkan dengan air bebas ion, selanjutnya dibiarkan dingindan diimpitkan. Keesokan harinya diukur absorbansi larutan jernih dengan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang Keterangan : - Nilai X2 hitung selanjutnya 561 nm. Kemudian dibuat nilai standar 2 0dan 250 ppm, dengan memipet 0 dan 5 dibandingkan dengan X tabel dengan derajat bebas (df = n-1). Jika X2 ml larutan standar 5.000 ppm ke dalam 2 labu ukur 100 ml dengan perlakuan yang hitung lebih kecil dari X tabel atau sama dengan pengerjaan contoh dapat dikatakan bahwa bentuk (Sulaeman dkk., 2005). penyebarannya tidak berbeda nyata Parameter perairan yang diukur dengan acak. dilapangan meliputi pengukuran suhu, salinitas, kedalaman, kecepatan arus dan Hasil bahan organik. Pengukuran dilakukan 1. Kepadatan C. luhuanus pada setiap stasiun bersamaan dengan Hasil pengukuran kepadatan pengambilan sampel organisme. C. luhuanus menunjukkan bahwa nilai Kepadatan merupakan jumlah rata- rata-rata kepadatan tertinggi terdapat rata individu per satuan pada stasiun I dan III. Kepadatan luas(Soegianto, 1994) dengan rumus: terendah terdapat pada stasiun II Gambar 2. 170 Bunga dkk., ) 0.0600 0.0500 m2 0.0320 0.0400 0.0273 0.0213 0.0213 0.0207 0.0300 0.0153 0.0193 0.0187 0.0173 0.0200 0.0100 0.0000 I II III I II III I II III Kepadatan (ind/ Kepadatan Maret April Mei Stasiun Gambar 2. Kepadatan
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