§ 1910.265 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–18 Edition)

(i)–(ii) [Reserved] (iii) Markers. Markers and others (iii) Drying tumbler. handling soiled clothes shall be warned (a) [Reserved] against touching the eyes, mouth, or (b) Each drying tumbler shall be pro- any part of the body on which the skin vided with means for holding open the has been broken by a scratch or abra- doors or covers of inner and outer cyl- sion; and they shall be cautioned not to inders or shells while being loaded or touch or eat food until their hands unloaded. have been thoroughly washed. (iv) Shaker (clothes tumbler). (iv) [Reserved] (v) Instruction of employees. Employ- (a) through (b)(1) [Reserved] ees shall be properly instructed as to (2) Each shaker or clothes tumbler of the hazards of their work and be in- the double-cylinder type shall be pro- structed in safe practices, by bulletins, vided with means for holding open the printed rules, and verbal instructions. doors or covers of inner and outer cyl- (2) Mechanical—(i) Safety guards. (a) inders or shells while being loaded or No safeguard, safety appliance, or de- unloaded. vice attached to, or forming an inte- (v) Exception. Provisions of paragraph gral part of any machinery shall be re- (c)(2) (iii), (iv)(a)(1), and (iv)(b) of this moved or made ineffective except for section shall not apply to shakeout or the purpose of making immediate re- conditioning tumblers where the pairs or adjustments. Any such safe- clothes are loaded into the open end of guard, safety appliance, or device re- the revolving cylinder and are auto- moved or made ineffective during the matically discharged out of the oppo- repair or adjustment of such machin- site end. ery shall be replaced immediately upon (3) [Reserved] the completion of such repairs or ad- (4) Miscellaneous machines and equip- justments. ment. (b) [Reserved] (i)–(ii) [Reserved] [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 (iii) Steam pipes. (a) All steam pipes FR 49767, Oct. 24, 1978; 43 FR 51760, Nov. 7, that are within 7 feet of the floor or 1978] working platform, and with which the worker may come into contact, shall § 1910.265 . be insulated or covered with a heat-re- (a) General requirements—Application. sistive material or shall be otherwise This section includes safety require- properly guarded. ments for operations includ- (b) Where pressure-reducing valves ing, but not limited to, log and lumber are used, one or more relief or safety handling, sawing, trimming, and valves shall be provided on the low- planing; waste disposal; operation of pressure side of the reducing valve, in dry kilns; finishing; shipping; storage; case the piping or equipment on the yard and yard equipment; and for low-pressure side does not meet the re- power and affiliated equipment quirements for full initial pressure. used in connection with such oper- The relief or safety valve shall be lo- ations, but excluding the manufacture cated adjacent to, or as close as pos- of plywood, cooperage, and veneer. sible to, the reducing valve. Proper (b) Definitions applicable to this sec- protection shall be provided to prevent tion—(1) A-frame. The term A-frame injury or damage caused by fluid escap- means a structure made of two inde- ing from relief or safety valves if vent- pendent columns fastened together at ed to the atmosphere. The vents shall the top and separated at the bottom for be of ample size and as short and direct stability. as possible. The combined discharge ca- (2) Annealing. The term annealing pacity of the relief valves shall be such means heating then cooling to soften that the pressure rating of the lower- and render less brittle. pressure piping and equipment will not (3) Binder. The term binder means a be exceeded if the reducing valve sticks , cable, rope, or other approved or fails to open. material used for binding loads. (d) Operating rules—(1) General. (4) Boom. The term boom means logs (i)–(ii) [Reserved] or timbers fastened together end to end

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and used to contain floating logs. The (18) Hog. The term hog means a ma- term includes enclosed logs. chine for cutting or grinding slabs and (5) Brow log. The term brow log means other coarse residue from the mill. a log placed parallel to a roadway at a (19) Husk. The term husk means a landing or dump to protect vehicles head framework on a circular mill. while loading or unloading. (20) Industrial truck. The term indus- (6) Bunk. The term bunk means a trial truck means a mobile powerdriven cross support for a load. truck or tractor. (7) Cant. The term cant means a log (21) Kiln tender. The term kiln tender slabbed on one or more sides. means the operator of a kiln. (22) Lift truck. The term lift truck (8) Carriage (log carriage). The term means an industrial truck used for lat- carriage means a framework mounted eral transportation and equipped with on wheels which runs on tracks or in a power-operated lifting device, usually grooves in a direction parallel to the in the form of forks, for piling or face of the saw, and which contains ap- unpiling lumber units or packages. paratus to hold a log securely and ad- (23) Live rolls. The term live rolls vance it towards the saw. means cylinders of wood or metal (9) Carrier. The term carrier means an mounted on horizontal and ro- industrial truck so designed and con- tated by power, which are used to con- structed that it straddles the load to be vey slabs, lumber, and other wood transported with mechanisms to pick products. up the load and support it during trans- (24) Loading boom. The term loading portation. boom means any structure projecting (10) Chipper. The term chipper means from a pivot point to guide a log when a machine which cuts material into lifted. chips. (25) Log deck. The term Log deck (11) Chock (bunk block) (cheese block). means a platform in the sawmill on The terms chock, bunk block, and cheese which the logs remain until needed for block mean a wedge that prevents logs sawing. or loads from moving. (26) Lumber hauling truck. The term (12) Cold deck. The term cold deck lumber hauling truck means an indus- means a pile of logs stored for future trial truck, other than a lift truck or a removal. carrier, used for the transport of lum- (13) Crotch lines. The term crotch lines ber. means two short lines attached to a (27) Log haul. The term log haul hoisting line by a ring or shackle, the means a conveyor for transferring logs lower ends being attached to loading to mill. hooks. (28) Package. The term package means a unit of lumber. (14) Dog (carriage dog). The term dog (29) Peavy. The term peavy means a means a steel tooth, one or more of stout wooden handle fitted with a spike which are attached to each carriage and and used for rolling logs. knee to hold log firmly in place on car- (30) . The term pike pole riage. means a long pole whose end is shod (15) Drag saw. The term drag saw with a sharp pointed spike. means a power-driven, reciprocating (31) Pitman rod. The term pitman rod mounted on suitable means connecting rod. frame and used for bucking logs. (32) . The term resaw means (16) Head block. The term head block band, circular, or sash gang used means that part of a carriage which to break down slabs, cants, or flitches holds the log and upon which it rests. into lumber. It generally consists of base, knee, (33) Running line. The term running taper set, and mechanism. line means any moving rope as distin- (17) Head rig. The term head rig guished from a stationary rope such as means a combination of head saw and a guyline. log carriage used for the initial break- (34) Safety factor. The term safety fac- down of logs into timbers, cants, and tor means a calculated reduction factor boards. which may be applied to laboratory

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test values to obtain safe working Standard for Industrial Lighting stresses for wooden beams and other A11.1—1965, which is incorporated by mechanical members; ratio of breaking reference as specified in § 1910.6. load to safe load. (3) Floors. Flooring in buildings and (35) Saw guide. The term saw guide on ramps and walkways shall be con- means a device for steadying a circular structed and installed in accordance or . with established principles of mechan- (36) Setwork. The term setwork means ics and sound engineering practices. a mechanism on a sawmill carriage They shall be of adequate strength to which enables an operator to move the support the estimated or actual dead log into position for another cut. and live loads acting on them with the (37) Sorting gaps. The term sorting resultant stress not exceeding the al- gaps means the areas on a log pond en- lowable stress for the material being closed by boom sticks into which logs used. are sorted. (i) [Reserved] (38) Spreader wheel. The term spreader (ii) Areas beneath floor openings. Areas wheel means a metal wheel that sepa- under floor openings shall, where prac- rates the board from the log in back of tical, be fenced off. When this is not circular saws to prevent binding. practical, they shall be plainly marked (39) Splitter. The term splitter means a and telltales shall be installed to hang knife-type, nonrotating spreader. over these areas. (40) Sticker. The term sticker means a (iii) Floor maintenance. The flooring strip of wood or other material used to of buildings, docks, and passageways separate layers of lumber. shall be kept in good repair. When a (41) Stiff boom. The term stiff boom hazardous condition develops that can- means the anchored, stationary boom not be immediately repaired, the area sticks which are tied together and on shall be guarded until adequate repairs which boom men work. are made. (42) Swifter. The term swifter is a means of tying boom sticks together to (iv) Nonslip floors. Floors, footwalks, prevent them from spreading while and passageways in the work area being towed. around machines or other places where a person is required to stand or walk (43) Telltale. The term telltale means a device used to serve as a warning for shall be provided with effective means overhead objects. to minimize slipping. (44) Top saw. The term top saw means (4) Walkways, docks, and platforms—(i) the upper of two circular saws on a Width. Walkways, docks, and platforms head rig, both being on the same husk. shall be of sufficient width to provide (45) Tramway. The term tramway adequate passage and working areas. means a way for trams, usually con- (ii) Maintenance. Walkways shall be sisting of parallel tracks laid on wood- evenly floored and kept in good repair. en beams. (iii) Docks. Docks and runways used (46) Trestle. The term trestle means a for the operation of lift trucks and braced framework of timbers, piles or other vehicles shall have a substantial steelwork for carrying a road or rail- guard or shear timber except where road over a depression. loading and unloading are being per- (c) Building facilities, and isolated formed. equipment—(1) Safety factor. All build- (iv) Elevated walks. All elevated ings, docks, tramways, walkways, log walks, runways, or platforms, if 4 feet dumps, and other structures shall be or more from the floor level, shall be designed, constructed and maintained provided with a standard railing except so as to support the imposed load in ac- on loading or unloading sides of plat- cordance with a safety factor. forms. If height exceeds 6 feet, a stand- (2) Work areas. Work areas under ard toe board also shall be provided to mills shall be as evenly surfaced as prevent material from rolling or falling local conditions permit. They shall be off. free from unnecessary obstructions and (v) Elevated platforms. Where elevated provided with lighting facilities in ac- platforms are used routinely on a daily cordance with American National basis, they shall be equipped with

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stairways or fixed that comply supply adequate general and local with subpart D of this part. lighting to rooms, buildings, and work (vi) Hazardous locations. Where re- areas during the time of use. quired, walkways and stairways with (ii) Effectiveness. Factors upon which standard handrails shall be provided in the adequacy and effectiveness of illu- elevated and hazardous locations. mination will be judged, include the Where such passageways are over walk- following: ways or work areas, standard toe (a) The quantity of light in foot-can- boards shall be provided. dle intensity shall be sufficient for the (5) Stairways—(i) Construction. Stair- work being done. ways shall be constructed in accord- (b) The quality of the light shall be ance with subpart D of this part. such that it is free from glare, and has (ii) Handrails. Stairways shall be pro- correct direction, diffusion, and dis- vided with a standard handrail on at tribution. least one side or on any open side. (c) Shadows and extreme contrasts Where stairs are more than four feet shall be avoided or kept to a minimum. wide there shall be a standard handrail (10) [Reserved] at each side, and where more than (11) Hazard marking. Physical hazard eight feet wide, a third standard hand- marking shall be as specified in rail shall be erected in the center of § 1910.144 of this part. the stairway. (12) [Reserved] (iii) Lighting. All stairways shall be adequately lighted as prescribed in (13) Hydraulic systems. Means shall be paragraph (c)(9) of this section. provided to block, chain, or otherwise (6) Emergency exits including doors and secure equipment normally supported fire escapes—(i) Opening. Doors shall by hydraulic pressure so as to provide not open directly on or block a flight of for safe maintenance. stairs, and shall swing in the direction (14) [Reserved] of exit travel. (15) Gas piping and appliances. All gas (ii) Identification. Exits shall be lo- piping and appliances shall be installed cated and identified in a manner that in accordance with the American Na- affords ready exit from all work areas. tional Standard Requirements for the (iii) Swinging doors. All swinging Installation of Gas Appliances and Gas doors shall be provided with windows; Piping Z21.30—1964, which is incor- with one window for each section of porated by reference as specified in double swinging doors. Such windows § 1910.6. shall be of shatterproof or safety glass (16)–(17) [Reserved] unless otherwise protected against (18) Conveyors—(i) Standards. Con- breakage. struction, operation, and maintenance (iv) Sliding doors. Where sliding doors of conveyors shall be in accordance are used as exits, an inner door shall be with American National Standard cut inside each of the main doors and B20.1—1957, which is incorporated by arranged to open outward. reference as specified in § 1910.6. (v) Barriers and warning signs. Where (ii) Guarding. Spiked live rolls shall a doorway opens upon a railroad track be guarded. or upon a tramway or dock over which (19) Stationary tramways and trestles— vehicles travel, a barrier or other (i) Foundations and walkways. Tram- warning device shall be placed to pre- ways and trestles shall have substan- vent workmen from stepping into mov- tial mud sills or foundations which ing traffic. shall be frequently inspected and kept (7) Air requirements. Ventilation shall in repair. When vehicles are operated be provided to supply adequate fresh on tramways and trestles which are healthful air to rooms, buildings, and used for foot passage, traffic shall be work areas. controlled or a walkway with standard (8) Vats and tanks. All open vats and handrails at the outer edge and shear tanks into which workmen could fall timber on the inner edge shall be pro- shall be guarded. vided. This walkway shall be wide (9) Lighting—(i) Adequacy. Illumina- enough to allow adequate clearance to tion shall be provided and designed to vehicles. When walkways cross over

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other thoroughfares, they shall be sol- from entering any work area. Such idly fenced at the outer edge to a chambers shall be constructed and op- height of 42 inches over such thorough- erated to minimize the danger of fire fares. or dust explosion. (ii) Clearance. Stationary tramways (vi) Hand removal of refuse. Provision and trestles shall have a vertical clear- for the daily removal of refuse shall be ance of 22 feet over railroad rails. When made in all operations not required to constructed over carrier docks or have an exhaust system or having roads, they shall have a clearance of 6 refuse too heavy, bulky, or otherwise feet above the driver’s foot rest on the unsuitable to be handled by the ex- carrier, and in no event shall this haust system. clearance be less than 12 feet from the (21) Chippers—(i) Whole-log chippers. roadway. In existing operations where The feed system to the chipper shall be it is impractical to obtain such clear- arranged so the operator does not ance, telltales, electric signals, signs stand in direct line with the chipper or other precautionary measures shall spout (hopper). The chipper spout shall be installed. be enclosed to a height of not less than (20) Blower, collecting, and exhaust sys- 36 inches from the floor or the opera- tems—(i) Design, construction, and main- tor’s platform. A safety belt and life- tenance. Blower collecting, and exhaust line shall be worn by workmen when systems should be designed, con- working at or near the spout unless the structed, and maintained in accordance spout is guarded. The lifeline shall be with American National Standards short enough to prevent workers from Z33.1—1961 (For the Installation of falling into the chipper. Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, (ii) Hogs. (a) Hog mills shall be so de- Stock, and Vapor Removal or Con- signed and arranged that from no posi- veying) and Z12.2—1962 (R1969) (Code tion on the rim of the chute shall the for the Prevention of Dust Explosion in distance to the cutter knives be less Woodworking and Wood Flour Manu- than 40 inches. facturing Plants), which are incor- porated by reference as specified in (b) Hog feed chutes shall be provided § 1910.6. with suitable and approved baffles, which shall minimize material from (ii) Collecting systems. All mills con- taining one or more machines that cre- being thrown from the mill. ate dust, shavings, chips, or slivers (c) Employees feeding hog mills shall during a period of time equal to or be provided with safety belts and lines greater than one-fourth of the working unless guarded. day, shall be equipped with a collecting (22) [Reserved] system. It may be either continuous or (23) Bins, bunkers, hoppers, and fuel automatic, and shall be of sufficient houses—(i) Guarding. Open bins, bunk- strength and capacity to enable it to ers, and hoppers whose upper edges ex- remove such refuse from points of oper- tend less than 3 feet above working ation and immediate vicinities of ma- level shall be equipped with standard chines and work areas. handrails and toe boards, or have their (iii) Exhaust or conveyor systems. Each tops covered by a substantial grill or woodworking machine that creates grating with openings small enough to dust, shavings, chips, or slivers shall be prevent a man from falling through. equipped with an exhaust or conveyor (ii) Use of wheeled equipment to load system located and adjusted to remove bins. Where automotive or other the maximum amount of refuse from wheeled equipment is used to move ma- the point of operation and immediate terials into bins, bunkers, and hoppers, vicinity. adequate guard rails shall be installed (iv) [Reserved] along each side of the runway, and a (v) Dust chambers. Exhaust pipes shall substantial bumper stop provided when not discharge into an unconfined out- necessary. side pile if uncontrolled fire or explo- (iii) Exits, lighting, and safety devices. sion hazards are created. They may Fuel houses and bins shall have ade- empty into settling or dust chambers, quate exits and lighting, and all nec- designed to prevent the dust or refuse essary safety devices shall be provided

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and shall be used by persons entering items unless compensating changes are these structures. made for rope used and for safe loading (iv) Walkways. Where needed, fuel limits. houses and bins shall have a standard (vi) Drums, sheaves, and pulleys. railed platform or walkway near the Drums, sheaves, and pulleys shall be top. smooth and free from surface defects (24) Ropes, cables, slings, and chains— liable to injure rope. Drums, sheaves, (i) Safe usage. Ropes, cables, slings, and or pulleys having eccentric bores or chains shall be used in accordance with cracked hubs, spokes, or flanges shall safe use practices recommended by the be removed from service. manufacturer or within safe limits rec- (vii) Connections. Connections, fit- ommended by the equipment manufac- tings, fastenings, and other parts used turer when used in conjunction with it. in connection with ropes and cables (ii) Hooks. No open hook shall be used shall be of good quality and of proper in rigging to lift any load where there size and strength, and shall be installed is hazard from relieving the tension on in accordance with the manufacturer’s the hook from the load or hook catch- recommendations. ing or fouling. (viii) Socketing, splicing, and seizing. (iii) Work by qualified persons. Instal- (a) Socketing, splicing, and seizing of lation, inspection, maintenance, re- cables shall be performed only by pair, and testing of ropes, cables, qualified persons. slings, and chains shall be done only by (b) All eye splices shall be made in an persons qualified to do such work. approved manner and wire rope thim- (iv) Slings. Proper storage shall be bles of proper size shall be fitted in the provided for slings while not in use. eye, except that in slings the use of (v) Ropes or cables. (a) Wire rope or thimbles shall be optional. cable shall be inspected when installed (c) Wire rope clips attached with U- and once each week thereafter, when in bolts shall have these bolts on the dead use. It shall be removed from hoisting or short end of the rope. The U-bolt or load-carrying service when kinked nuts shall be retightened immediately or when one of the following conditions after initial load carrying use and at exists: frequent intervals thereafter. (1) When three broken wires are (d) When a wedge socket-type fas- found in one lay of 6 by 6 wire rope. tening is used, the dead or short end of (2) When six broken wires are found the cable shall be clipped with a U-bolt in one lay of 6 by 19 wire rope. or otherwise made secure against loos- (3) When nine broken wires are found ening. in one lay of 6 by 37 wire rope. (e) Fittings. Hooks, shackles, rings, (4) When eight broken wires are pad eyes, and other fittings that show found in one lay of 8 by 19 wire rope. excessive wear or that have been bent, (5) When marked corrosion appears. twisted, or otherwise damaged shall be (6) Wire rope of a type not described removed from service. herein shall be removed from service (f) Running lines. Running lines of when 4 percent of the total number of hoisting equipment located within 6 wires composing such rope are found to feet 6 inches of the ground or working be broken in one lay. level shall be boxed off or otherwise (b) Wire rope removed from service guarded, or the operating area shall be due to defects shall be plainly marked restricted. or identified as being unfit for further (g) Number of wraps on drum. There use on cranes, hoists, and other load- shall be not less than two full wraps of carrying devices. hoisting cable on the drum of cranes (c) The ratio between the rope diame- and hoists at all times of operation. ter and the drum, block, sheave, or pul- (h) Drum flanges. Drums shall have a ley tread diameter shall be such that flange at each end to prevent the cable the rope will adjust itself to the bend from slipping off. without excessive wear, deformation, (i) Sheave guards. Bottom sheaves or injury. In no case shall the safe shall be protected by close fitting value of drums, blocks, sheaves, or pul- guards to prevent cable from jumping leys be reduced when replacing such the sheave.

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(j) Preventing abrasion. The reeving of (vii) Guarding hoistway openings. a rope shall be so arranged as to mini- When the hoist platform or top of the mize chafing or abrading while in use. load is below the working platform, the (ix) Chains. (a) Chains used in load hoistway openings shall be guarded. carrying service shall be inspected be- (viii) Guarding lower landing area. The fore initial use and weekly thereafter. lower landing area of stackers and (b) Chain shall be normalized or an- unstackers shall be guarded by enclo- nealed periodically as recommended by sures that prevent entrance to the area the manufacturer. or pit below the hoist platform. En- (c) If at any time any 3-foot length of trances should be protected by elec- chain is found to have stretched one- trically interlocked gates which, when third the length of a link it shall be open, will disconnect the power and set discarded. the hoist brakes. When the interlock is (d) Bolts or nails shall not be placed not installed, other positive means of between two links to shorten or join protecting the entrance shall be pro- chains. vided. (e) Broken chains shall not be spliced (ix) Inspection. Every stacker and by inserting a bolt between two links unstacker shall be inspected at fre- with the head of the bolt and nut sus- quent intervals and all defective parts taining the load, or by passing one link shall be immediately repaired or re- through another and inserting a bolt or placed. nail to hold it. (x) Cleaning pits. Safe means of en- (x) Fiber rope. (a) Frozen fiber rope trance and exit shall be provided to shall not be used in load carrying serv- permit cleaning of pits. ice. (xi) Preventing entry to hazardous (b) Fiber rope that has been subjected area. Where the return of trucks from to acid or excessive heat shall not be unstacker to stacker is by mechanical used for load carrying purposes. power or gravity, adequate signs, warn- (c) Fiber rope shall be protected from ing devices, or barriers shall be erected abrasion by padding where it is fas- to prevent entry into the hazardous tened or drawn over square corners or area. sharp or rough surfaces. (27) Lumber piling and storage—(i) Pile (25) [Reserved] foundations. In stacking units of lum- (26) Mechanical stackers and ber, pile foundations shall be designed unstackers. and arranged to support maximum (i) [Reserved] loads without sinking, sagging, or per- (ii) Lumber lifting devices. Lumber lift- mitting the piles to topple. In unit ing devices on all stackers shall be de- package piles, substantial bolsters or signed and arranged so as to minimize unit separators shall be placed between the possibility of lumber falling from each package directly over the stick- such devices. ers. (iii) Blocking hoisting platform. Means (ii) Stacking dissimilar unit packages. shall be provided to positively block Long units of lumber shall not be the hoisting platform when employees stacked upon shorter packages except must go beneath the stacker or where a stable pile can be made with unstacker hoist. the use of package separators. (iv) Identifying controls. Every manu- (iii) Unstable piles. Piles of lumber ally operated control switch shall be which have become unstable shall be properly identified and so located as to immediately made safe, or the area be readily accessible to the operator. into which they might fall shall be (v) Locking main control switches. fenced or barricaded and employees Main control switches shall be so de- prohibited from entering it. signed that they can be locked in the (iv) Stickers. Unit packages of lumber open position. shall be provided with stickers as nec- (vi) Guarding side openings. The essary to insure stability under ordi- hoistway side openings at the top level nary operating conditions. of the stacker and unstacker shall be (v) Sticker alignment. Stickers shall protected by enclosures of standard extend the full width of the package, railings. shall be uniformly spaced, and shall be

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aligned one above the other. Stickers (ix) Brakes. All vehicles shall be may be lapped with a minimum over- equipped with brakes capable of hold- lapping of 12 inches. Stickers shall not ing and controlling the vehicle and ca- protrude more than 2 inches beyond pacity load upon any incline or grade the sides of the package. over which they may be operated. (vi) Pile height. The height of unit (x) [Reserved] package piles shall be dependent on the (xi) Carriers. (a) Carriers shall be so dimensions of the packages and shall designed and constructed that the op- be such as to provide stability under erator’s field of vision shall not be un- normal operating conditions. Adjacent necessarily restricted. lumber piles may be tied together with (b) Carriers shall be provided with an separators to increase stability. access or equivalent. (28) Lumber loading. Loads shall be (xii) Lumber hauling trucks. (a) On built and secured to insure stability in trucks where movement of load on transit. stopping would endanger the operator, (29) Burners—(i) Guying. If the burner a substantial bulkhead shall be in- stack is not self-supporting, it shall be stalled behind the operator’s seat. This guyed or otherwise supported. shall extend to the top of the opera- (ii) Runway. The conveyor runway to tor’s compartment. the burner shall be equipped with a (b) Stakes, stake pockets, racks, standard handrail. If the runway tighteners, and binders shall provide crosses a roadway or thoroughfare, adequate means to secure the load standard toe boards shall be provided against any movement during transit. in addition. (c) Where rollers are used, at least (30) Vehicles—(i) Scope. Vehicles shall two shall be equipped with locks which include all mobile equipment normally shall be locked when supporting loads used in sawmill, planing mill, storage, during transit. shipping, and yard operations. (ii) Warning signals and spark arres- (31) Traffic control and flow—(i) Haz- tors. All vehicles shall be equipped with ardous crossings. Railroad tracks and audible warning signals and where other hazardous crossings shall be practicable shall have spark arrestors. plainly posted. (iii) Lights. All vehicles operated in (ii) Restricted overhead clearance. All the dark or in poorly lighted areas areas of restricted side or overhead shall be equipped with head and tail clearance shall be plainly marked. lights. (iii) Pickup and unloading points. (iv) Overhead guard. All vehicles op- Pickup and unloading points and paths erated in areas where overhead hazards for lumber packages on conveyors and exist shall be equipped with an ap- transfers and other areas where accu- proved overhead guard. See American rate spotting is required, shall be National Standard Safety Code for plainly marked and wheel stops pro- Powered Industrial Trucks, B56.1—1969, vided where necessary. which is incorporated by reference as (iv) Aisles, passageways, and roadways. specified in § 1910.6. Aisles, passageways, and roadways (v) Platform guard. Where the oper- shall be sufficiently wide to provide ator is exposed to hazard from backing safe side clearance. One-way aisles may the vehicle into objects, an approved be used for two-way traffic if suitable platform guard shall be provided and so turnouts are provided. arranged as to not impede exit of driv- (d) Log handling, sorting, and storage— er from vehicle. (1) Log unloading methods, equipment, (vi) [Reserved] and facilities—(i) Unloading methods. (a) (vii) Operation in buildings. Vehicles Stakes and chocks which trip shall be powered by internal combustion en- constructed in such manner that the gines shall not operate in buildings un- tripping mechanism that releases the less the buildings are adequately venti- stake or chocks is activated at the op- lated. posite side of the load being tripped. (viii) Load limits. No vehicle shall be (b) Binders on logs shall not be re- operated with loads exceeding its safe leased prior to securing with unloading load capacity. lines or other unloading device.

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(c) Binders shall be released only (2) Log unloading and storage areas— from the side on which the unloader (i) General. (a) Log dumps, booms, operates, except when released by re- ponds, or storage areas used at night mote control devices or except when shall be illuminated in accordance with person making release is protected by the requirements of American National racks or stanchions or other equivalent Standard A11.1–1965 (R–1970) Standard means. Practice for Industrial Lighting, which (d) Loads on which a binder is fouled is incorporated by reference as speci- by the unloading machine shall have fied in § 1910.6. an extra binder or metal band of equal (b) Log unloading areas shall be ar- strength placed around the load, or the ranged and maintained to provide a load shall be otherwise secured so the safe working area. fouled binder can be safely removed. (c) Where skids are used, space ade- (ii) Unloading equipment and facilities. quate to clear a man’s body shall be (a) Machines used for hoisting, unload- maintained between the top of the ing, or lowering logs shall be equipped skids and the ground. with brakes capable of controlling or (d) Signs prohibiting unauthorized holding the maximum load in midair. foot or vehicle traffic in log unloading (b) The lifting cylinders of all hy- and storage areas shall be posted. draulically operated log handling ma- (ii) Water log dumps. (a) Ungrounded chines shall be equipped with a positive electrically powered hoists using device for preventing the uncontrolled handheld remote control in grounded lowering of the load or forks in case of locations, such as log dumps or mill log a failure in the hydraulic system. lifts, shall be actuated by circuits oper- (c) A limit switch shall be installed ating at less than 50 volts to ground. on powered log handling machines to (b) Roadbeds at log dumps shall be of prevent the lift arms from traveling sufficient width and evenness to insure too far in the event the control switch safe operation of equipment. is not released in time. (c) An adequate brow log or skid tim- (d) When forklift-type machines are bers or the equivalent shall be provided used to load trailers, a means of secur- where necessary. Railroad-type dumps, ing the loading attachment to the fork when located where logs are dumped di- shall be installed and used. rectly into water or where entire loads (e) A-frames and similar log unload- are lifted from vehicle, may be exempt- ing devices shall have adequate height ed providing such practice does not cre- to provide safe clearance for swinging ate a hazardous exposure of personnel loads and to provide for adequate or equipment. crotch lines and spreader bar devices. (d) Unloading lines shall be arranged (f) Log handling machines used to so that it is not necessary for the em- stack logs or lift loads above operator’s ployees to attach them from the pond head shall be equipped with adequate or dump side of the load except when overhead protection. entire loads are lifted from the log- (g) All mobile log handling machines transporting vehicle. shall be equipped with headlights and (e) Unloading lines, crotch lines, or backup lights. equally effective means shall be ar- (h) Unloading devices shall be ranged and used in a manner to mini- equipped with a horn or other plainly mize the possibility of any log from audible signaling device. swinging or rolling back. (i) Movement of unloading equipment (f) When logs are unloaded with shall be coordinated by audible or hand peavys or similar manual methods, signals when operator’s vision is im- means shall be provided and used that paired or operating in the vicinity of will minimize the danger from rolling other employees. or swinging logs. (j) Wood pike poles shall be made of (g) Guardrails, walkways, and stand- straight-grained, select material. ard handrails shall be installed Metal or conductive pike poles shall (h) Approved life rings (see: 46 CFR not be used around exposed energized 160.099 and 46 CFR 160.050) with line at- electrical conductors. Defective, blunt, tached and maintained to retain buoy- or dull pike poles shall not be used. ancy shall be provided.

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(iii) Log booms and ponds. (a) Walk- (c) Boat fuel shall be transported and ways and floats shall be installed and stored in approved safety containers. securely anchored to provide adequate Refer to § 1910.155(c)(3) for definition of passageway for employees. approved. (b) All regular boom sticks and foot (d) Inspection, maintenance, and ven- logs shall be reasonably straight, with tilation of the bilge area shall be pro- no protruding knots and bark, and vided to prevent accumulation of high- shall be capable of supporting, above ly combustible materials. the water line at either end, the weight (e) Adequate ventilation shall be pro- of an employee and equipment. vided for the cabin area on enclosed (c) Permanent cable swifters shall be cabin-type boats to prevent accumula- so arranged that it will not be nec- tion of harmful gases or vapors. essary to roll boom sticks in order to (v) Dry deck storage. (a) Dry deck attach or detach them. storage areas shall be kept orderly and (d) Periodic inspection of cable or shall be maintained in a condition dogging lines shall be made to deter- which is conducive to safe operation of mine when repair or removal from mobile equipment. service is necessary. (b) Logs shall be stored in a safe and (e) The banks of the log pond in the orderly manner, and roadways and vicinity of the log haul shall be rein- traffic lanes shall be maintained at a forced to prevent caving in. width adequate for safe travel of log (f) Artificial log ponds shall be handling equipment. drained, cleaned, and refilled when (c) Logs shall be arranged to mini- unhealthy stagnation or pollution oc- mize the chance of accidentally rolling curs. from the deck. (g) Employees whose duties require (vi) Log hauls and slips. (a) Walkways them to work from boats, floating logs, along log hauls shall have a standard boom sticks, or walkways along or on handrail on the outer edge, and cleats water shall be provided with and shall or other means to assure adequate wear appropriate buoyant devices while footing and enable employees to walk performing such duties. clear of the log chute. (h) Stiff booms shall be two float logs (b) Log haul bull chains or cable shall wide secured by boom chains or other be designed, installed, and maintained connecting devices, and of a width ade- to provide adequate safety for the work quate for the working needs. Walking need. surfaces shall be free of loose material and maintained in good repair. (c) Log haul gear and bull chain drive (i) Boom sticks shall be fastened to- mechanism shall be guarded. gether with adequate crossties or cou- (d) Substantial troughs for the return plings. strand of log haul chains shall be pro- (j) Floating donkeys or other power- vided over passageways. driven machinery used on booms shall (e) Log haul controls shall be located be placed on a raft or float with enough and identified to operate from a posi- buoyancy to keep the deck well above tion where the operator will, at all water. times, be in the clear of logs, machin- (k) All sorting gaps shall have a sub- ery, lines, and rigging. In operations stantial stiff boom on each side. where control is by lever exposed to in- (iv) Pond boats and rafts. The applica- coming logs, the lever shall be ar- ble provisions of the Standard for Fire ranged to operate the log haul only Protection for Motorcraft, NFPA No. when moved toward the log slip or to- 302—1968, which is incorporated by ref- ward the log pond. erence as specified in § 1910.6, shall be (f) A positive stop shall be installed complied with. on all log hauls to prevent logs from (a) Decks of pond boats shall be cov- traveling too far ahead in the mill. ered with nonslip material. (g) Overhead protection shall be pro- (b) Powered pond boats or rafts shall vided for employees working below logs be provided with at least one approved being moved to the log deck. fire extinguisher, and one lifering with (h) Log wells shall be provided with line attached. safeguards to minimize the possibility

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of logs rolling back into well from log barkers to control the movement of deck. logs. (3) Log decks—(i) Access. Safe access (e) Log breakdown and related machin- to the head rig shall be provided. ery and facilities—(1) Log carriages and (ii) Stops. Log decks shall be provided carriage runways—(i) Bumpers. A sub- with adequate stops, chains, or other stantial stop or bumper with adequate safeguards to prevent logs from rolling shock-absorptive qualities shall be in- down the deck onto the carriage or its stalled at each end of the carriage run- runway. way. (iii) Barricade. A barricade or other (ii) Footing. Rider-type carriages positive stop of sufficient strength to shall be floored to provide secure foot- stop any log shall be erected between ing and a firm working platform for the sawyer’s stand and the log deck. the block setter. (iv) Loose chains. Loose chains from (iii) Sheave housing. Sheaves on rope- overhead canting devices or other driven carriages shall be guarded at equipment shall not be allowed to hang floor line with substantial housings. over the log deck in such manner as to (iv) Carriage control. A positive means strike employees. shall be provided to prevent unintended (v) Swing saws. Swing saws on log movement of the carriage. This may decks shall be equipped with a barri- involve a control locking device, a car- cade and stops for protection of em- riage tie-down, or both. ployees who may be on the opposite (v) Barriers and warning signs. A bar- side of the log haul chute. rier shall be provided to prevent em- (vi) Drag saws. Where reciprocating ployees from entering the space nec- log cutoff saws (drag saws) are pro- essary for travel of the carriage, with vided, they shall not project into walk- headblocks fully receded, for the full way or aisle. length and extreme ends of carriage (vii) Circular cutoff saws. Circular log runways. Warning signs shall be posted bucking or cutoff saws shall be so lo- at possible entry points to this area. cated and guarded as to allow safe en- (vi) Overhead clearance. For a rider- trance to and exit from the building. type carriage adequate overhead clear (viii) Entrance doorway. Where the space above the carriage deck shall be cutoff saw partially blocks the en- provided for the full carriage runway trance from the log haul runway, the length. entrance shall be guarded. (vii) Sweeping devices. Carriage track (4) Mechanical barkers—(i) Rotary sweeping devices shall be used to keep barkers. Rotary barking devices shall track rails clear of debris. be so guarded as to protect employees (viii) Dogs. Dogging devices shall be from flying chips, bark, or other extra- adequate to secure logs, cants, or neous material. boards, during sawing operations. (ii) Elevating ramp. If an elevating (2) Head saws—(i) Band head saws. (a) ramp or gate is used, it shall be pro- Band head saws shall not be operated vided with a safety chain, hook, or at speeds in excess of those rec- other means of suspension while em- ommended by the manufacturer ployees are underneath. (b) Band head saws shall be thor- (iii) Area around barkers. The haz- oughly inspected for cracks, splits, bro- ardous area around ring barkers and ken teeth, and other defects. A band- their conveyors shall be fenced off or saw with a crack greater than one- posted as a prohibited area for unau- tenth the width of the saw shall not be thorized persons. placed in service until width of saw is (iv) Enclosing hydraulic barkers. Hy- reduced to eliminate crack, until draulic barkers shall be enclosed with cracked section is removed, or crack strong baffles at the inlet and outlet. development is stopped. The operator shall be protected by ade- (c) Provisions shall be made for alert- quate safety glass or equivalent. ing and warning employees before (v) Holddown rolls. Holddown rolls starting band head saws, and measures shall be installed at the infeed and shall be taken to insure that all per- outfeed sections of mechanical ring sons are in the clear.

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(ii) Bandsaw wheels. (a) No bandsaw (b) Feed rolls shall be enclosed by a wheel shall be run at a peripheral speed cover over the top, front, and open ends in excess of that recommended by the except where guarded by location. manufacturer. The manufacturer’s rec- Drive mechanism to feed rolls shall be ommended maximum speed shall be enclosed. stamped in plainly legible figures on (c) Carriage cradles of whole-log sash some portion of the wheel. gang saws (Swedish gangs), shall be of (b) Band head saw wheels shall be adequate height to prevent logs from subjected to monthly inspections. kicking out while being loaded. Hubs, spokes, rims, bolts, and rivets (3) Resaws—(i) Band resaws. Band shall be thoroughly examined in the resaws shall meet the specifications for course of such inspections. A loose or band head saws as required by para- damaged hub, a rim crack, or loose graph (e)(2)(i) of this section. spokes shall make the wheel unfit for (ii) Circular gang resaws. (a) Banks of service. circular gang resaws shall be guarded (c) Band wheels shall be completely by a hood. encased or guarded, except for a por- (b) Circular gang resaws shall be pro- tion of the upper wheel immediately vided with safety fingers or other around the point where the blade antikickback devices. leaves the wheel, to permit operator to (c) Circular gang resaws shall not be observe movement of equipment. Nec- operated at speeds exceeding those rec- essary ventilating and observation ommended by the manufacturer. ports may be permitted. Substantial (d) [Reserved] doors or gates are allowed for repair, (e) Feed rolls shall be guarded. lubrication, and saw changes; such (f) Each circular gang resaw, except doors or gates shall be closed securely self-feed saws with a live roll or wheel during operation. Band head rigs shall at back of saw, shall be provided with spreaders. be equipped with a saw catcher or (iii) Sash gang resaws. Sash gang guard of substantial construction. resaws shall meet the safety specifica- (iii) ( ) Cir- Single circular head saws. a tions of whole-log sash gang saws in ac- cular head saws shall not be operated cordance with the requirements of at speeds in excess of those specified by paragraph (e)(2)(v) of this section. the manufacturer. Maximum speed (4) Trimmer saws—(i) Maximum speed. shall be etched on the saw. Trimmer saws shall not be run at pe- (b) Circular head saws shall be ripheral speeds in excess of those rec- equipped with safety guides which can ommended by the manufacturer. be readily adjusted without use of hand (ii) Guards. (a) Trimmer saws shall be tools. guarded in front by adequate baffles to (c) The upper saw of a double circular protect against flying debris and they mill shall be provided with a substan- shall be securely bolted to a substan- tial hood or guard. A screen or other tial frame. These guards for a series of suitable device shall be placed so as to saws shall be set as close to the top of protect the sawyer from flying par- the trimmer table as is practical. ticles. (b) The end saws on trimmer shall be (d) All circular sawmills where live guarded. rolls are not used behind the head saw (c) The rear of trimmer saws shall shall be equipped with a spreader wheel have a guard the full width of the saws or splitter. and as much wider as practical. (iv) Twin circular head saws. Twin cir- (iii) Safety stops. Automatic trimmer cular head saws rigs such as scrag saws saws shall be provided with safety shall meet the specifications for single stops or hangers to prevent saws from circular head saws in paragraph dropping on table. (e)(2)(iii) of this section where applica- (5) Edgers—(i) Location. (a) Where ble. vertical arbor edger saws are located (v) Whole-log sash gang saws (Swedish ahead of the main saw, they shall be so gangs). (a) Cranks, pitman rods, and guarded that an employee cannot con- other moving parts shall be adequately tact any part of the edger saw from his guarded. normal position.

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(b) Edgers shall not be located in the (ii) Escape doors. (a) If operating pro- main roll case behind the head saws. cedures require access to kilns, kilns (ii) Guards. (a) The top and the open- shall be provided with escape doors ings in end and side frames of edgers that operate easily from the inside, shall be adequately guarded and gears swing in the direction of exit, and are and chains shall be fully housed. located in or near the main door at the Guards may be hinged or otherwise ar- end of the passageway. ranged to permit oiling and the re- (b) Escape doors shall be of adequate moval of saws. height and width to accommodate an (b) All edgers shall be equipped with average size man. pressure feed rolls. (4) Pits. Pits shall be well ventilated, (c) Pressure feed rolls on edgers shall drained, and lighted, and shall be large be guarded against accidental contact. enough to safely accommodate the kiln (iii) Antikickback devices. (a) Edgers operator together with operating de- shall be provided with safety fingers or vices such as valves, dampers, damper other approved methods of preventing rods, and traps. kickbacks or guarding against them. A (5) Steam mains. All high-pressure barricade in line with the edger, if steam mains located in or adjacent to properly fenced off, may be used if safe- an operating pit shall be covered with ty fingers are not feasible to install. heat-insulating material. (b) A controlling device shall be in- (6) Ladders. A fixed ladder complying stalled and located so that the operator with the requirements of subpart D of can stop the feed mechanism without this part, or other adequate means, releasing the tension of the pressure shall be provided to permit access to rolls. the roof. Where controls and machin- (iv) Operating speed of live rolls. Live ery are mounted on the roof, a perma- rolls and tailing devices in back of nent stairway with standard handrail edger shall operate at a speed not less shall be installed in accordance with than the speed of the edger feed rolls. the requirements in subpart D. (6) Planers—(i) Guards. (a) All cutting (7) Chocks. A means shall be provided heads shall be guarded. for chocking or blocking cars. (b) Side head hoods shall be of suffi- (8) Kiln tender room. A warm room cient height to safeguard the head set- shall be provided for kiln employees to screw. stay in during cold weather after leav- (c) Pressure feed rolls and ‘‘pine- ing a hot kiln. apples’’ shall be guarded. [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 40 (d) Levers or controls shall be so ar- FR 23073, May 28, 1975; 43 FR 49751, Oct. 24, ranged or guarded as to reduce the pos- 1978; 43 FR 51760, Nov. 7, 1978; 53 FR 12123, sibility of accidental operation. Apr. 12, 1988; 55 FR 32015, Aug. 6, 1990; 61 FR (f) Dry kilns and facilities—(1) Kiln 9241, Mar. 7, 1996; 63 FR 33467, June 18, 1998; foundations. Dry kilns shall be con- 70 FR 53929, Sept. 13, 2005; 76 FR 80739, Dec. structed upon solid foundations to pre- 27, 2011; 81 FR 83006, Nov. 18, 2016] vent tracks from sagging (2) Passageways. A passageway shall § 1910.266 operations. be provided to give adequate clearance (a) Table of contents. This paragraph on at least one side or in the center of contains the list of paragraphs and ap- end-piled kilns and on two sides of pendices contained in this section. cross-piled kilns. a. Table of contents (3) Doors—(i) Main kiln doors. (a) Main b. Scope and application kiln doors shall be provided with a c. Definitions method of holding them open while d. General requirements kiln is being loaded. 1. Personal protective equipment (b) Counterweights on vertical lift 2. First-aid kits doors shall be boxed or otherwise 3. Seat belts guarded. 4. Fire extinguishers 5. Environmental conditions (c) Adequate means shall be provided 6. Work areas to firmly secure main doors, when they 7. Signaling and signal equipment are disengaged from carriers and hang- 8. Overhead electric lines ers, to prevent toppling. 9. Flammable and combustible liquids

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