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ENVIS MONOGRAPH 3 ENVIS Monograph 3 ISSN 0972 – 1819 S.S.S..N.S. .N. Nandy P.P.Dhyani P.K. Samal StateCd StateRegion GeoAare PcShare 1 Jammu & Kashmir 222236 41.65 2 Himachal Pradesh 55673 10.43 3 Uttaranchal 53483 10.02 4 Sikkim 7096 1.33 5 West Bengal hills 3149 .59 6 Meghalaya 22429 4.20 7 Assam hills 15322 2.87 8 Tripura 10486 1.97 9 Mizoram 21081 3.95 10 Manipur 22327 4.18 11 Nagaland 16579 3.11 12 Arunachal Pradesh 83743 15.69 G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development (An Autonomous Institute of Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India) Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263 643,Uttaranchal, India G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development 1 Resouce Information Database of the Indian Himalaya ENVIS Monograph 3 ISSN 0972 - 1819 Resource Information Database of the Indian Himalaya S.N. Nandy P.P. Dhyani P.K. Samal Environmental Information System on Himalayan Ecology G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263 643, Uttaranchal, India ENVIS2 Centre on Himalayan Ecology 2 ENVIS MONOGRAPH 3 FOREWORD Efficient management of the finite natural resources of the mountains is the key to sustainable and equitable development. This is particularly important for the Himalaya, which is the youngest and most fragile mountain ecosystem in the world. In the complex mountain environment of the Indian Himalayan region (IHR), which continues to remain backward in terms of economic and infrastructure development, availability of accurate and authentic data in a suitable format is pivotal for effective development planning and decision making. The present volume on Resource Information Database is the third in the series of theme based/occasional publication of the ENVIS Centre on Himalayan ecology of the Institute (GBPIHED). This resource database is the outcome of efforts of the colleagues associated with the Environmental Information System (ENVIS) Centre who have made use of the existing Geographical Information System (GIS) facilities at the Institute and available secondary databases on natural resource, human resource, infrastructure and socio-economic aspects, etc., and integrated them with maps based on the Survey of India. It is hoped that the database will provide a basis for assessing the resources of the IHR and the complex interactions between these finite resources and the people inhabiting in the region. Availability of such databases will also substantially assist policy planners as well as administrators in the planning and developmental processes particularly for the effective management of the natural resources of the Indian Himalayan region. We welcome critique of our esteemed readers. Kosi-Katarmal (Almora) Uppeandra Dhar December 2006. Director G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development 3 Resouce Information Database of the Indian Himalaya PREFACE Development objectives reflect planning process, which consistently emphasized the necessity of promoting polices and programmes of economic growth and social welfare. The economic development of a country or region is generally expressed in terms of the growth of its income. The value of the final product excluding the value of inputs used in the process of production is termed as the Gross National Product (GNP). However, these indicators of economic development do not take into account the use and depreciation of the renewable or non-renewable natural resources. As environment being a multi-disciplinary subject involving complex themes like biodiversity, atmosphere, water, land, soil, human settlements, human activities and many others, it is quite difficult to collect, analyze and study relationships among these various components. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an environmental-economic accounting system to maintain natural resource accounts in totality. Management of natural resources is in the frontline of the struggle for more sustainable and equitable development and environmental degradation is one of the indicators of unsustainable social and economic systems. The information resources management has direct consequences on the quality and quantity of natural resources of any region. The main objective of the information resources management is to promote the understanding, development and practice of managing information resources as key enterprise assets. The urgent need for today is to utilize our natural resources in a sustainable manner with a focus on minimizing their depletion and pollution. Moreover, the welfare of human society and the quality of life is directly linked to the sustainable use of the natural resources. Agenda 21 (Chapter 13) states that the mountain ecosystems and environments are of crucial importance by virtue of being rich unique centres of the biological and cultural diversity. Mountains cover about 24% of earth’s landscape and home to at least 10% of world’s population. They represent as much as 28% of world’s forest areas sheltering about half of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. Apart from harbouring rich biodiversity, the mountains are important source of fresh water, energy, crop diversity, etc. Furthermore, they are a source of key resources such as minerals, forest products, agricultural products and of recreation. The mountains are also melting points of cultures and home of indigenous communities and, therefore, are rich centres of cultural and spiritual significance. As a major ecosystem representing the complex and interrelated ecology of our planet, mountains and their environment are essential to the survival of the global ecosystem. The mountain ecosystems, simultaneously, are unique in geomorphology, vulnerable, fragile and react sensitively to population pressure and global climate change, therefore, are rapidly changing. The mountain ecosystems are susceptible to accelerated soil erosion, landslides and rapid loss of habitat and genetic diversity. On the human side, there is widespread poverty among mountain inhabitants and loss of indigenous knowledge. In many mountain regions, there is vertical gradient to poverty as about 80% of the people who live there area impoverished. As a result, most of the global mountain areas are experiencing environmental degradation. Hence, proper management of mountain resources and socio-economic development of the people deserves immediate attention. With the increasing realization that the natural resources of mountain areas are vital for the upland as well as lowland people, the global agenda for sustainable development has brought ENVIS4 Centre on Himalayan Ecology 4 ENVIS MONOGRAPH 3 mountains to the sharp focus. Considering the importance of mountains in the global ecosystem, the present volume is an attempt to map the resources of the Indian Himalayan region (IHR). The information technology (IT) applications play a vital role in mapping resources in the form of databases, statistical tables, Geographical Information System (GIS) maps, which are combined in this effort into an information resource module of the IHR. This information module is based on (or derived from) secondary data, collected and compiled from different gazettes, bulletins, databases, government/official websites, and publications obtained from the various libraries and departments of the central and state governments. The present monograph ‘Resource information database of the Indian Himalaya’ is divided into five sections. The first section is the introduction of the region, its spread, physical/geographical/physiographical features along with its vulnerability and proneness to the disasters. The second section discusses the profiles of the Indian Himalayan states including physiography, economy, infrastructure and level of development. The third section contains natural resource data tables of all the regions/states of the IHR, which include protected areas, wastelands, degraded lands, forest cover, landuse pattern, minerals, energy, economy and infrastructure, human resource, etc. The fourth section includes the major developmental indicators such as human development index and socio-economic indicators, which depict the disparities within the region. State level data have also been presented in sections three and four for comparison among states/regions. However, some district level maps of demographic data based on Census 2001 are also included. The maps are based on the Survey of India (SoI) maps at 1:7 million scale for visualizing the entire region in one frame. On the IT part, Arc Info/Arc View (GIS software) of ESRI, USA has been used to prepare maps and windows based application software for analyzing quantitative data. The fifth section, i.e. conclusion, describes the usefulness of the monograph and its potential applications. The present information resource module neither expresses comments on any developmental plans nor does it explain the reasons of uneven distribution of resources in the region. It simply presents a sketch of available resources in the region at one place in a readily available module, which could be easily accessed (also through internet) by all the stakeholders of the IHR for their own judgment and assessment. G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development 5 Resouce Information Database of the Indian Himalaya ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Our ideas in writing this monograph have been shaped by several stakeholders and scientists who are either working in the mountains or concerned for the sustainable development of the mountains. Each interaction enriched our
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