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Universidade De São Paulo Ffclrp UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FFCLRP - DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA Paleontologia da Serra do Cadeado (Formação Rio do Rasto, Permiano Superior): levantamento de localidades fossilíferas e fauna de vertebrados Estevan Eltink Nogueira Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da USP, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências, Área: Biologia Comparada RIBEIRÃO PRETO - SP 2009 Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FFCLRP - DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA Paleontologia da Serra do Cadeado (Formação Rio do Rasto, Permiano Superior): levantamento de localidades fossilíferas e fauna de vertebrados Estevan Eltink Nogueira Orientação: Max Cardoso Langer Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da USP, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências, Área: Biologia Comparada RIBEIRÃO PRETO - SP 2009 ii À minha família este trabalho dedico iii Agradecimentos Primeiramente, gostaria de agradecer minha família, meus pais, Antônio Marcos Nogueira e Theresia Catharina Eltink Nogueira, por tudo o que propiciaram ao longo da minha formação e conduta. Vocês, sem dúvida, formam os esteios da minha vida, e agradeço a cada escolha que possa tomar contando com o incondicional apoio. Este trabalho nada mais representa que um êxito alcançado por vocês, que em todo esforço e empenho enobrecem minha vida. E ao meu irmão, que em sua espontânea felicidade, deu-me sempre várias alegrias e prova ser, acima de tudo, mais do que um irmão, um gêmeo companheiro. Ao Max, gostaria de agradecer por ter me aceitado, dando a oportunidade de participar da paleontologia. Se mostrado um exemplo de trabalho e sucesso, revela-se, além de um ótimo orientador, um ídolo prómimo ao qual posso compartilhar a amizade. Companheiros de laboratório, que dividindo o mesmo espaço cotidiano, tratam de completar a minha vida. Johnny, pela tutorial amizade. Felipe, pela autêntica e recíproca amizade. Roque, pela jovem amizade. Marquinho, pela bossa-amizade. Se dicussões valessem artigos, teríamos revistas por semana, de assuntos tortos e espertos. Às meninas do laboratório. Mariela, pela límpida amizade. Carol, pela feliz amizade. Gabi, pela companheira amizade. Preta, pela circunstâncial alegre amizade. Todo café que tomo, arremeto e remetendo aos ótimos momentos com vocês, já me lançando saudoso. Amigos de Ribeirão Preto, Renata, acompanhante das recíprocas presepadas de anos, desde tempos londrinenses. Luiz, pelo suporte inicial. Túlio, pelo convívio distinto dentro de uma amizade. Aos amigos distantes, cultivados com o intuito de continuidade, Maria Amália, Tiago e Thiago. E companheiros de origem, Glicon, Paulo, Piá, Paulinho, Bruno, Bião e Rodrigo. À todos agradeço. Academicamente falando, mostro-me grato às pessoas que, direta ou indiretamente, propicaram a execução deste trabalho: Schultz, Juan, Eliseu, Sérgio, Elizete e PV. E, por mais que tenha deixado de citar alguém neste agradecimento, para mim fica claro, que, todas as pessoas que me circundam, ou que já fizeram isto nestes anos de vida, contribuíram com pensamento e ensinamentos de alguma forma, e, agora, formam-me em pessoa tentativamente digna, e biólogo talvez paleontólogo. Todos são concernidos de maneira tão maravilhosa em minhas concepções, que tenho vontade de fazer diversas dissertações apenas querendo agradecer a cada destas pessoas novamente. iv Resumo Localizada no centro-norte do estado do Paraná, a Serra do Cadeado abrange uma sucessão rochosa que perfaz deste o Permiano até o Cretáceo, sendo, neste contexto, representada pelas formações Teresina, Rio do Rasto, Pirambóia, Botucatu e Serra Geral. Situada no topo do Grupo Passa Dois da Bacia do Paraná, a formação Rio do Rasto, é composta pelos membros Serrinha e Morro Pelado e representa a passagem de um ambiente de águas rasas, possivelmente transicional, para um francamente continental, de clima semi-árido e que, regionalmente, enconta-se sotoposta à Formação Pirambóia. Os primeiros trabalhos paleontológicos na Serra do Cadeado datam da década de setenta, quando foram coletados o dicinodonte Endothiodon, e o anfíbios temnospôndilos Australerpeton cosgriffi e “Rastosuchus”. Desde então, nenhum outro esforço neste sentido foi despendido. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho tanto o levantamento de localidades potencialmente fossilíferas, como a descrição dos novos materiais provenientes da região, atentando aos desdobramentos bioestratigrágicos decorrentes. Neste sentido, dois espécimes (LPRP/USP 0010 e 0011) foram descritos comparativamente e associados aos anfíbios temnospôndilos anteriormente descritos para a Serra do Cadeado, i.e., “Rastosuchus” e Australerpeton cosgriffi, respectivamente. LPRP/USP 0011 compõe-se de um ramo mandibular esquerdo, pelve, fêmur, tibia e fíbula direitos e algumas costelas, enquanto LPRP/USP 0010 trata-se de um fragmento madíbular direito. O primeiro fornece mais informações que contribuem para seu posicionamento taxonômico, ainda incerto, mas tentativamente associado aos Platyoposaurinae. Tal registro fornece bases para se relacionar a fauna da Serra do Cadeado mais com o Mesopermiano da Plataforma Russa, que com outras faunas gonduânicas, como as da Bacia do Karoo, na África do Sul. O registro de Platyoposaurinae também sugere uma idade mais antiga para a fauna da Serra do Cadeado, mais próxima daquela de outras faunas da Formação Rio do Rasto, registradas no Rio Grande do Sul. v Abstract Located in north-central Paraná, the Cadeado Highs include a rock succession that spans from the Permian to the Cretaceous, where deposits related to the Teresina, Rio do Rasto, Pirambóia, Botucatu, and Serra Geral formations are found. The Rio do Rasto Formation corresponds to the upper part of the Passa Dois Group; is divided into the Serrinha and Morro Pelado members; and covered by the Pirambóia Formation. It represents the transition from a lacustrine, possibly shoreline environment to one dominated by sand dunes, on semi-arid continental conditions. Pioneering paleontological studies in the Cadeado Highs were accomplished during the seventies, when the dicynodont Endothiodon, and the temnospondyl amphibians Australerpeton cosgriffi and “Rastosuchus” were collected. Since then, no major excavations took place. The present work aimed at searching for sites with paleontological potential, describing newly collected specimens, and discussing related evolutionary and biostratigraphic issues. Two specimens (LPRP/USP 0010-0011) were described, and respectively associated to the temnospondyls previously recovered in the Cadeado Highs, i.e., Australerpeton cosgriffi and “Rastosuchus”. LPRP/USP 0011 includes left mandible, right pelvis, femur, tibia, and fibula, and some ribs, whereas LPRP/USP 0010 includes a partial right mandible. The former allows an uncertain association with Platyoposaurinae, suggesting a closer relation of the Cadeado Highs fauna to those from the Middle Permian of Russia, than to those from other gondwanan areas, such as the Karoo Basin in South Africa. It also suggests an older are for the Cadeado Highs fauna, approaching those inferred for the Rio do Rasto Formation in Rio Grande do Sul. vi Sumário 1 Introdução............................................................................................................................... 01 2 Geologia.................................................................................................................................. 03 2.1 Geologia geral............................................................................................................... 03 2.2 Geologia regional........................................................................................................... 06 3 Tetrápodes do Permiano....................................................................................................... 09 3.1 Bioestratigrafia............................................................................................................... 10 3.2 Temnospondyli.............................................................................................................. 15 3.2.1 Temnospôndilos do Brasil..................................................................................... 16 4 Descrição comparativa.......................................................................................................... 23 4.1 Mandíbula LPRP/USP 0011 A....................................................................................... 23 4.2 Mandíbula LPRP/USP 0010.......................................................................................... 53 4.3 Comparação com as mandíbulas depositadas na UFRGS........................................... 55 4.4 Pelve LPRP/USP 0011 B............................................................................................... 67 4.5 Fêmur LPRP/USP 0011 C............................................................................................. 89 4.6 Tíbia LPRP/USP 0011 D.............................................................................................. 111 4.7 Fíbula LPRP/USP 0011 E............................................................................................. 123 4.8 Costelas LPRP/USP 0011 (F-T) .................................................................................. 132 5
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